2020中考英语专题汇编——被动语态 学案(无答案)

2020温州中考专题汇编——被动语态

一.定义及概念

英语的谓语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。请比较：Tom broke the window.（主动语态）

①①①

The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态）

①①①

从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态

二、被动语态的构成

1）被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。

be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。

a被动语态的肯定句

Apple trees are planted in the south. 苹果树不种在南方。

b被动语态的否定句

The building hasn't been completed. 这座建筑物没有竣工。

c被动语态的一般疑问句

被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语）

Are they made in China? Yes, they are.

它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的。

Was the museum built in 1993? No, it was built in 1986.

这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗？不，它是在1986年建成的。

d 被动语态的特殊疑问句

被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（vt）。

Where were the car made? They were made in China.

这些小汽车是哪里制造的？它们是中国制造的。

2）被动语态的几种时态形式

(一) 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态

谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。

She gave me a book.（变为被动语态）

I was given a book.（间接宾语改为主语）

A book was given to me.（直接宾语a book改为主语）

(二) 短语动词变为被动语态

许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。

We should take good care of the children. （变为被动语态）

The children should be taken good care of.（of不可省略）

(三) 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态

宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。

I saw some boys playing football on the playground.（变为被动语态）Some boys were seen playing football in the playground.

(四) 被动语态后动词形式的选择

主动句中的感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等以及使役动词let，make，have等，动词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。

The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.（变为被动语态）The workers were made to work twelve hours a day by the boss.

We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.（变为被动语态）

The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.

谓语动词含有情态动词时，只变及物动词为被动语态，构成为：情态动词+be+过去分词（vt.）

例如：

We must finish it at once. （主动语态）

我们必须马上做完这件事。

→It must be finished at once（被动语态）

这件事必须马上做完。

（五）英语中有一部分动词用作谓语时，形式是主动的，但是表示的意思却是被动的。通常有以下两种情况：

①转化为系动词的感官动词，如look / sound / taste / feel / smell 等。

①由少数及物动词转化来的不及物动词，如read / sell / wash / wear / write等。

1. This sweater _______ (wash) better.

2. Great changes____ (take) place in our country in the last 30 years.

3. These apples ___ (sell) well because they _______ (look) nice.

4. — Do you like the dress?— Yes, it _______ (feel) very soft.

5.The pen__ (write) very well, so I’d like to buy one for my sister.

学以致用——

1. Knives for cutting things.(use)

2. Li Ming (ask) to attend the meeting yesterday.

3. Some presents (buy) by my sister for me every birthday.

4. the cake (make) by your mother yesterday?

5.The workers (make) (work) for 12 hours by the boss every day.

6. Many stars (can see) at night.

7. Your bike (must not put) there.

puters ___________(often use) in our maths lessons.

9.The book “Tom Sawyer” __________(write) by Mark Twain.

10.The play _________(show) again next month.

11.Just now he _____(be) asked if the meeting ______(hold) next Friday.

12.The trees should _______(water) often after they ______(plant).