新编英语教程4 unit 4

2)
The supporting details:
• This essay can be divided into three parts—the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. • (1) The introduction (para.1) — The first paragraph of the essay is a skilful beginning. The writer puts forward his argument directly—―Unless you write between the lines, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.‖
• mouth the words(vocalizing) • go back over just-read material (regressing) • try to use the context to work out the meaning of unfamiliar words • mentally translate everything • predict the content of the text on the basis of headings, pictures and the introductory sentences • try to understand not only the details but the organization of the text while reading • mark up the book in its marginal space by writing down my own thoughts and feeling about a certain idea or fact • look up every single new word (word-by-word reading) •
(3) Note-taking:
• --write down important points, the points relevant to your needs, sometimes useful expressions to help improve your language • --underline, use symbols or write between the lines, in the margins, on the end papers or on a scratch pad or in a notebook. • --sort out the main points, which will help to focus on the reading as well as to provide a summary
• The body (paras.2-10)—the body of the essay consists of four parts, in which the writer develops his argument by citing examples, illustrations, making comparisons, giving personal opinions and appealing to common knowledge.
c. tips for reading
• (2) Skimming and scanning: • Skimming is a reading skill you use when you want to get the main idea of a book • --read the introduction, usually the opening paragraph of a chapter • --read the conclusion , usually the final paragraph of a chapter • --read very quickly, skip or leave out small portions of the material in order to get the main ideas • •
c. tips for reading
• Scanning is a reading skill you use when you want to check quickly whether a text you are reading contains information you need • --think of some key words connected with the information you need –look quickly down the page to see if you can spot any of the; if you do, read the sentences around them to check if the information is what you need • --look for chapter headings/ paragraph headings; words in bold type/words underlined—they give you a lot of information about the contents of the reading matter • --if the information you need is in a book, look at the list of contents and indexes
Contents
l Detailed study of Text I & II l Oral work: • Role-play: buying a dictionary; • Interaction activities: the way I do my reading l Guided writing: • Basic writing techniques—comparison, simile, and metaphor; • Composition writing— argumentation; • Letter writing—regretting having missed seeing a friend
b. reading strategies(more in word)
c. tips for reading
• (1) Before starting to read: • read the contents page of the book • have a quick look at the chapter headings • have a glance at the Index which is helpful for specific information
(4) reading speed
• –textbooks: slow speed, less than 100 wpm for intensive reading , study and remember --fiction: fast speed, 200-250 wpm, reading for entertainment --non-fiction: average speed, 150-200 wpm, reading for special purpose --newspapers: fast speed, 200-250 wpm, reading for information --magazines: fast speed, 200-250 wpm, reading for information or entertainment
• These serve to strengthen the main ideas. • 1. Marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love. • 2. Marking up a book in proof of the reader’s respect for the writer rather than for the binding and typography. • 3. Marking up a book is indispensable to active reading. • 4. Marking up a book has a lot of advantages:
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Text I Pre-reading activities
• What’s the difference between read between the lines and write between the lines? • - read between the lines: find more meanings than the words appear to express ; gather more meanings from a text that are not actually stated, but implied • - write between the lines: not a set phrase, a piece of good advice on how to ―read‖ efficiently, read is replaced with write to stress the importance of writing notes and comments one is reading
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Study the text in detail
• 1) The main idea of the story: • This is a typical piece of argumentation. The writer makes his intention plain at the very beginning: to argue that writing between the lines is an efficient way of reading while presenting details to support his own argument, the writer does not ignore the counter-arguments.
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While-reading activities
• Discussion: How do you read? • a. myths and misconceptions about reading • Concentrating on each word in print aids comprehension and memory • The only way to read anything is slowly and carefully • Going back over just-read material improves understanding • Comprehension decreases as rate increases • It is physically impossible to read rapidly because your eyes cannot move that quickly • Fast reading takes pleasure out of reading