1992年01月TOEFL语法讲解

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托福考试语法点全面攻略

托福考试语法点全面攻略托福考试是许多学生对英语学习的重要里程碑。

其中，语法部分往往是考生们最为头疼的一环。

为了帮助大家更好地备考托福考试语法部分，本文将全面介绍托福考试中的语法点，以及备考策略和技巧。

希望能为广大考生提供有效的帮助。

一、名词名词作为英语语法中的基础部分，托福考试中有许多涉及名词的考题。

其中包括名词的单复数形式、所有格的正确使用以及名词在句子中的作用等。

1. 单复数形式名词的单复数形式在托福考试中经常会被考察。

记住常见的名词复数形式规则是非常重要的。

例如，以“s”结尾的名词通常变为复数形式，如“books”、“cars”；以“y”结尾的名词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“es”构成复数，如“cities”、“ladies”。

2. 所有格在名词的所有格使用方面，要注意加上“’s”来表示所有格。

例如，“John’s book”表示“约翰的书”。

3. 名词的作用了解名词在句子中的不同作用也是备考托福语法部分的关键。

名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语以及定语等。

通过积累大量的例句并理解不同的语法结构，能够有效应对名词相关的考题。

二、代词代词是托福语法考试中另一个重要的知识点。

它包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词以及相对代词等。

1. 人称代词人称代词主要用于替代特定的人称，如“I，you，he，she，it，we，they”。

掌握这些代词的主格、宾格以及所有格形式，能够帮助我们更好地理解和应对托福语法考题。

2. 反身代词反身代词用于表示动作的反射或强调，如“myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，themse lves”。

要注意反身代词的使用必须与句子的主语保持一致。

3. 指示代词指示代词用于指示特定的人或物，如“this，that，these，those”。

在应对托福考试中的代词题目时，注意理解代词与所指的名词之间的一致性和连贯性。

三、动词动词是英语语法中最重要、最复杂的一部分。

1991年01月TOEFL语法讲解-推荐下载

10. 10. --- lived on the North Saskatchewan River long before the Hudson’s Bay Company built a fur trading post there.
(A) (A) Cree people (B) (B) For Cree people (C) (C) It was Cree people (D) (D) Where Cree people
5.5.Eastern meadowlarks abound in places --- , but eat harmful insects rather than grain. (A) (A) land is cultivated there (B) (B) there is land cultivated (C) (C) where land is cultivated (D) (D) where is cultivated land 答案：C 测试点：定语从句．
3.3.In the course of her life, Mary Anne Sadlier --- , some fifty of them original novels and collections of stories.
(A) (A) Produced nearly sixty books (B) (B) Produced sixty books nearly (C) (C) Nearly sixty books produced (D) (D) Sixty books nearly produced 答案：A 测试点：动宾结构／词序．分析：句子有主语而缺谓语，宾语应在答案中选择动词+宾语的结构，即(A)、(B)．副词 nearly 修饰数词时，应放在数词的前面，故选(A)．

历年TOEFL考试经典语法错题及答案

收集易错语法题及答案1989年01月语法题 (2)1989年05月语法题 (3)1989年08月语法题 (5)1989年10月语法题 (6)1990年01月语法题 (7)1990年05月语法题 (7)1990年08月语法题 (8)1990年10月语法题 (9)1991年1月语法题 (10)1991年5月语法题 (10)1991年10月语法题 (12)1992年01月语法题 (12)1992年05月语法题 (12)1992年08月语法题 (13)1992年10月语法题 (14)1993年01月语法题 (14)1993年05月语法题 (15)1993年08月语法题 (15)1993年10月语法题 (16)2000年01月语法题 (17)2000年05月语法题 (17)2000年08月语法题 (18)2000年10月语法题 (19)2001年01月语法题 (20)2001年05月语法题 (21)2001年08月语法题 (22)2001年10月语法题 (26)2002年01月语法题 (26)2002年05月语法题 (27)2002年10月语法题 (28)2002年08月语法题 (28)2002年09月语法题 (29)2003年01月语法题 (29)2003年08月语法题 (30)2004年01月语法题 (31)1989年01月语法题12. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; __________future events.(A) even influencing(B) it may even influence(C) may even influence(D) that it may even influence14. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes__________roundshape into a teardrop shape.(A) of the drop(B) the drop’s(C) drop of(D) drops their15.__________modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting topersonalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.(A) If(B) But(C) With(D) Once16. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, whenFrances Perkins became secretary of labor.23. The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals.28. Benjamin Franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited raising 10,000 volunteers for theAmerican Revolutionary War.lchemists.31. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat.39. The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.1989年05月语法题libel is printed while slander is spoken,libel文字中伤是写的，诽谤是说出来的。

托福考试语法结构知识点

托福考试语法结构知识点托福考试是一个评估非英语母语者英语能力的标准化测试，其中语法结构是考试的一个重要部分。

掌握语法结构的知识点对于正确理解和运用英语语言至关重要。

本文将介绍托福考试中常见的语法结构知识点，帮助考生更好地备考。

一、动词时态和语态1. 一般现在时：用于陈述普遍事实、经常重复的动作或客观真理。

例如：Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.2. 一般过去时：用于过去发生的动作或状态。

例如：I watched a movie yesterday.3. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作或现阶段的状态。

例如：She is reading a book now.4. 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

例如：They were studying when I called them.5. 将来时态的使用：用于表示将来的动作或状态。

例如：I will go to the party tomorrow.6. 被动语态：用于强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。

例如：The book was written by Mark Twain.二、主谓一致1. 单复数主谓一致：主语是单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

例如：She walks to school every day. They walk to school every day.2. 近距离主谓一致：当主语和谓语之间有介词短语或从句时，要根据主语而不是介词短语或从句来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。

例如：The book, along with its companion, is on the shelf.三、条件句1. 第一型条件句：表示真实条件和其可能的结果。

例如：If it rains,I will stay at home.2. 第二型条件句：表示对现在或未来假设的不太可能或不可能的条件及其可能的结果。

托福语法解析整合

托福语法解析整合托福语法解析：全真题解析这一部分囊括了1998年1月至2000年10月托福考试的所有考题。

笔者对其每道题进行了包括试题解析，思路分析，考生易犯错误，必要或是不必要知识点(必要知识点为那些为了解题而必需知道的知识点;不必要知识点为那些即使考生不知道这些知识点，根据我们介绍的解题技巧和方法也可以做对题目，这些知识点的忽视并不对解题造成威胁)，句子中文翻译等详细阐述，其目的在于具体告诉学生如何运用我们的方法解题。

在阅读这部分的时候，要抓住解题分析的思路和具体思想，尽快熟练作题正确的方法，为以后自己高效率高质量做题打下基础。

1998年1月TOEFL 语法考题分析1. Between 1870 and 1890 the total population of tile United States_____.(A)that doubled(B)doubled(C)It doubled(D)when doubledKey： B分析：第一步考虑句子的完整性。

发现题干部分没有动词，所以可以确定，空里面要填的是谓语动词，而非从句，由此得出B选项。

必要的知识点：考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构)。

本句题干部分没有一个动词，所以可以确定，空里面要填的肯定是谓语动词，而非从句，由此直接得出B。

参考译文：在1870到1890年期间，美国的总人口数量翻了一倍。

2. Intended to display the work of twentieth century artists, ____ in 1929.(A) the opening of the Museum of Modern Art(B) so the Museum of Modern Art opened(C) why tile Museum of Modern Art opened(D) the Museum of Modern Art openedKey：D分析：还是句子的完整性问题，从第一步的分析即可得出答案。

TOEFL语法考点分析与真题分类

TOEFL语法部分应试思路和考点汇编一、选择填空部分语法部分前15题是选择句子残缺成份填空，以组成完整句子的题型。

这一部分侧重的是句子成份的划分和句子结构的分析，要求考生能从整个句子的角度来把握，分离出主干成分和修饰成分并判断相应的符合语态和时态的选项。

因此简单来说，第一部分考的是应试者对句法的掌握程度，包括主谓宾，定状补各个部分在句子中的分布和顺序。

当然，其中不可避免的也涉及了英语的一些固定搭配和表达，但这些仍然体现了考生对句子结构的把握和理解。

（一）句子结构句子基本结构指的是构成句子的基本组成部分，一般来说，主语和谓语是唯一且必不可少的句子基本成份，而宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语这些成份视句子的具体结构和需要而定。

这里所提的句子包括主句和从句，即主句和从句均需含有主谓的基本结构。

考点1：主语单一原则主语单一指必须有主语而且必须唯一，这一原则在主句和从句中均是适用的。

考点2：谓语单一原则考点3：主谓结构（句子基本结构）考点4：宾语成份常考类型包括：及物动词后的宾语成份，介词后需加的宾语成份，某些词或词组带双宾语的固定用法。

考点5：定语成份句子定语成份一般是指做句子主语和宾语成份的修饰词，一般为形容词和形容词短语，也有分词形式的定语，一般把它归为分词结构这一考点中。

考点6：表语成份常考内容包括名词、形容词短语和介宾短语。

考点7：状语成份常考的状语成份为：介宾短语作状语，形容词短语作状语，分词短语作状语，不定式作状语等。

（二）名词性从句名词性从句是指在完整的句子中以名词性质出现的从句成份，主要包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，补语从句。

考点8：主语从句动名词/ 不定式/ 从句+谓语考点9：宾语从句主语+谓语+从句做宾语考点10：表语从句主语+谓语（系动词）+表语（名词，形容词，介宾短语）（三）同位语考点11：同位语同位语是toefl语法每次必考的内容之一，一般做主语或是宾语的同位语，句子的主干已经完整，同位语作为一个插入成份作补充说明之用。

【免费下载】05月TOEFL语法讲解

【免费下载】05月TOEFL语法讲解1992年05月语法题1.--- principal types of acceleration: linear and angular.(A)There are tow(B)Two of them(C)The two(D)Two答案：A测试点：there be句型．分析：空格后只剩下名词性的成份，应在答案中选择主谓结构或there+be结构，即(A)．2.East Liverpool, Ohio, ---the pottery capital of the United States.(A)and called(B)is called(C)calling(D)to call答案：B测试点；谓语。

分析：本句有主语而缺谓语，应在答案中选择可作谓语的动词，即(B)。

(A)多了连词and；(C)(D)均是非谓语形式，不可作谓语．3.True hibernation takes place only among ---animals.(A)whose blood is warm(B)blood warm(C)warm-blooded(D)they have warm blood答案：C测试点：定语．分析：本句主谓宾俱全，animals前缺定语，应在答案中选择形容词性的成份，4个答案中只有(C)是形容词．解题要点：分词的作用相当于形容词．4.Like other women ---in the field of medicine, Sara Mayo found the beginning yearsdifficult.(A)who they pioneered(B)they pioneered(C)who pioneered(D)pioneered答案：C测试点：定语从句／主谓结构．分析：women后接定语从句，从句连接词，主、谓语均缺，应在答案中选择连接词兼主语牛动词的形式．即(C)。

托福基础语法知识讲解

托福基础语法知识讲解语法是托福考试的基本内容，整理了一些语法知识，让我们一起来看看吧。

下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福基础语法知识讲解：被动时态语法知识也是托福备考的基本内容，语法知识贯穿于听说读写各个考试科目中。

今天我们重点来讲解的是“被动时态”，下面就跟随新东方在线托福网一起来看看具体的内容吧!先说说被动语态的结构，其基本结构为：be+动词的过去分词。

其与主动语态在形式上的特征是选择使用哪一种语态的必备常识，也是解题的一种手段。

被动语态区别于主动语态的是谓语动词必须是及物动词且之后绝大多数不能够再接宾语，只有极少数可以接双宾语的动词，像consider, give,call, name等就可以，比如像：She was considered a genius in painting.提醒：在托福考试的改错题中，如果在被动句里面，动词(除了上面提到的接双宾语的动词)的被动式后面出现宾语，那么在这里绝对是有错误的，可将其改为主动句，但是同样的，在主动句里面，如果及物动词后面没有宾语，此处肯定也是错误的，可以将其改为被动句。

其实大家可以将by视为被动语态的标志词，在by之后的名词短语是句子中动作的施动者，因此在题目中如果见到by+名词的结构的时候，最优先考虑的就是被动式，比如像：Thebook was written by Mark Twain.提醒：在by的后面如果接的是动名词，那么其表示为方式、手段就不能将其视为被动式的标志了，并且此时的谓语应该用主动式，如：He passed theexam by cheating.而对于know来讲，一般都是用be known to，而不用be know by。

有点迷糊?没事，我们照例来例题解析：例：The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged --- to produce Thedesired blend of contributor from The various himself to sections.(A) the conductor of(B) from the conductor(C) the conductor and(D) by the conductor解析：在题目中，如果不要空白处的话，句子也是很完整的，我们可以清楚的看到空格后的不定式短语表目的，那么可能填入的是arrange的施动者，自然此处应该用by来引导，A选项中of不能接不定式，C选项不能在被动式后面接宾语，所以选D。

96-99_托福语法真题.

1996年01月语法题 (2)1996年05月语法题 (6)1996年08月语法题 (10)1996年10月语法题 (14)1997年01月语法题 (18)1997年01月北美语法题 (22)1997年05月语法题 (26)1997年08月语法题 (31)1997年10月语法题 (35)1997年12月北美语法题 (40)1998年01月语法题 (44)1998年05月语法题 (48)1998年08月语法题 (52)1998年08月语法题 (57)1998年08月北美语法题 (62)1998年10月语法题 (67)1999年01月语法题 (72)1999年05月语法题 (76)1999年08月语法题 (81)1999年10月语法题 (86)1996年01月语法题1. Sociologists have long recognized that social tension _____.(A) elements from group living.(B) elements of a normal group life(C) living are a group of elements.(D) are normal elements of group life2. _____ have a very keen sense of hearing, although most do not hear sounds audible to the human ear.(A)While some insects do(B) Some insects which(C)Some insects(D)That some insects.3. Although both political parties wanted Dwight D. Eisenhower as their presidential nominee in 1952, he became a Republican candidate and _____.(A)President was electing(B) was elected President(C)to elect the President(D)being elected president.4. If an act is rewarded many times, immediately and with strong reinforces, it will rapidly become _____.(A)a habit(B) into a habit(C)that which a habit(D)a habit can be5. Giant pandas resemble bears in shape and in _____.(A)it is a slow, clumsy way to walk(B) the slow, clumsy way they walk(C)they walk in a slow, clumsy way(D)their slow walk is clumsy.6. _____ temperature at which air holds as much water vapor as it can is called the dew point.(A)It is the(B) Is the(C)As the(D)The7. The earring is one of the oldest known ornaments and _____ pieces of stone, bone, or shell.(A)was from originally from(B) was made originally from(C)originally made was from(D)from originally made was8. No one knows exactly _____.(A)how did speech begin(B) how speech began(C)how the beginning of speech(D)of how beginning speech.9. _____ mechanical device has ever been invented that can satisfactorily replace teasel flower heads for raising the nap on cloth.(A)No(B) Not the(C)Never has a(D)There is no10. Even as a girl, _____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.(A)performances by Fanny Brice were(B) it was known that Fanny Brice’s performances were(C)audiences knew that Fanny Brice’s performances were(D)Fanny Brice knew that performing was11. _____ the diffusion of heat upward to the Earth’s surface, the temperature within the Earth remains constant.(A)That(B) Despite(C)If(D)When12. Noise in a room may be reduced by carpeting, draperies, and upholstered furniture, _____ absorb sound.(A)which they all(B) of them all(C)all of which(D)of all which13. _____ devised to lessen the drudgery of washing clothes that origin of the washing machine is unclear.(A)Were the inventions so numerous(B) The inventions so numerous(C)So numerous were the inventions(D)The inventions that were so numerous14. Of the thousands of varieties of bird species in North America, _____ bright red plumage, like the cardinal, are most often designated as state bird.(A)those that have(B) who have(C)which have(D)to have their15. _____ as a territory in 1854 and admitted as a state in 1861, Kansas is at the geographical center of the United States.(A)By organizing(B) Because organized(C)Organized(D)He had organized16. Before pioneers cleared the land for farms, cities, and road, forests covered about 40percent of what is now the state of Illinois.17. The sea chantey, a type of folk music, not only described the pleasures of stations’ livesashore, also but the harsh conditions of life aboard ship.18. Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota has a heads of four presidents of theUnited States carved into its face.19. Nest building is much less commonly among mammals than among birds.20. The Awakening, a novel by Kate Chopin, shocked readers and cause a storm of criticism.21. The Alaskan Highway was officially opened November 20, 1942, although much morework needed be done to complete it.22. Sagebrush flourishes in the dry soil of the western plains, where other many plants cannotgrow.23. Modern directions of Shakespeare are not longer inhibited by earlier traditions of realisticsettings.24. Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleasing that an agreement has beenreached to forbid smoking on commercial flights within the continental UnitedStates.25. Snakes are capable of graceful motion throughout the entire long of their rubbery bodies.26. Tariffs preventing the most efficient use of the world’s resources by restricting division oflabor to national boundaries.27. The Aleuts in western Alaska have always depended of the sea for food.28. Atoms that having different atomic numbers generally behave differently.29. Over the past few year, many towns in the United States have been joining withneighboring communities to share the costs of government.30. What makes for human skeleton hard and strong is the presence of the metallic elementcalcium.31. Many of Robert Bly’s poems explore solitude, natural vigor, and silent in an immediate andmodern idiom.32. To convert an angle measured in radians for an equivalent angle measured in degrees,multiply the number of radians by 57.296.33. Serving as chief of the United States Children’s Bureau from 1921 to 1934., Grace Abbottfought for the rights of women and children through the world.34. To people from temperate climates, tropical butterflies may seem incredible big.35. The first railroad in the United States were short wooden tramways connecting mines alsoquarries with nearby streams.36. The league of Women Voters of the United States identifies certain local, state, and nationissues for study and action.37. Fibers can come from plants, animals, or mineral ores, or they may be made from a varietychemical substances.38. Edwin Franko Goldman was the first bandmaster to encourage leading contemporarycompositions to write original works for a band.39. The tapir, an odd-toed, hoofed mammal, feed on plants, eating such things as grass,leaves, fallen fruit, and moss in large quantities.40. For thousands of years, people have used some kind of refrigeration cooling beveragesand preserve edibles.1996年05月语法题1. Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by _____ the trails of meteors passing through it.(A) to watch(B) watching(C) watched(D) watch2. Thomas Edison’s first patented invention was a device_____ in Congress.(A) votes counted for(B) had been counting votes(C) for counting vote(D) be a counted vote3. Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1920’s, retired _____ she was unable to m ake the transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless(B) in spite of(C) because(D) and for4. Built in 1882, the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2,058 - foot length.(A) who(B) to whom(C) which they(D) that which5. A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the people and vehicles that use it.(A) as well(B) so well(C) as well as(D) so well as6. The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests in California each spring.(A) to return(B) who returned(C) they returned(D) for returning7. In the fourteenth century, _____ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery(B) it was discovered(C) with the discovery(D) if it was discovered8. _____ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A) When(B) Whereas(C) Which(D) Whether9. Many modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs.(A) than light is(B) than light(C) being light(D) light10. For any adhesive to make a really strong bond, _____ to be glued must be absolutely clean and free from moisture or grease.(A) and surfaces(B) when surfaces(C) the surfaces(D) surfaces that11. Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island.(A) brought(B) to be brought(C) being brought(D) is being brought12. _____ unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) For a star to become(B) How a star becomes(C) A star becomes(D) That a star is becoming13. Not until linoleum was invented in 1860 _____ hard - wearing, easy - to - clean flooring.(A) any house did have(B) did any house have(C) house had any(D) any house had14. Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the United States Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _____ he was elected in 1870.(A) which(B) to which(C) and which(D) being which15. Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____.(A) to constantly flow into them(B) is constantly flowing into them(C) constantly flows into them(D) constantly flowing into them16. Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell ofprotein, a virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself.17. The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, or color.18. In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York Metropolitan Opera, Where herbecame the star soprano.19. The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termites.20. Because of the availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate offarms has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from markets. 21. The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed asuniquely, innovative, and valuable.22. Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certainassemblages of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.23. Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolism in agiven poem.24. Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops.25. The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commercially as bay leaves and are used forseasoning foods.26. When contented, and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound.27. The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities, and a refinedof these adaptations.28. In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States Surgeon General launched several programs toaddress particular problem that young people have.29. Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent,responsible,and competent in childhood are likely more than others to become motivated to achieve.30. The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieve acarefully chosen goal.31. As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms.32. Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after being buried for manyyears, ceramics and glassware although easily broken, survive well in the ground.33. Margaret Mead achieved world famous through her studies of child - rearing, personality,and culture.34. The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful for thetreatment of infectious diseases until 1940.35. In the United State, the Cabinet consist of a group of advisers, each of whom is chosen bythe President to head an executive department of the government.36. Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of theAmerican Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum in response of social demands. 37. Humus is formed during soil microorganisms decompose animal and plant material intoelements usable by plants.38. Ozone is an unstable faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen.39. The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to nineteenthcentury.40. Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profound influences oneducation and thought in the United States and elsewhere.1996年08月语法题1. A microscope can reveal vastly _____ detail than is visible to the naked eye.(A) than(B) than more(C) more than(D) more.2. Narcissus bulbs _____ at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drained soil.(A) should be planted(B) to plant(C) must planting(D) should plant3. Industrialization has been responsible for _____ most radical of the environmental changes caused by humans.(A) a(B) the(C) some of which(D) which are the4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land _____ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.(A) neither permit(B) without permitting(C) nor permitting(D) do not permit.5. Color and light, taken together, _____ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.(A) very powerfully influence(B) very influence powerfully(C) powerfully very influence(D) influence powerfully very.6. _____ that Rachel Carson’s 1962 book Sile nt Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.(A) There is likely(B) Likely to be(C) It is likely(D) Likely7. Total color blindness, _____, is the result of a defect in the retina.(A) a rare condition that(B) a rare condition(C) that a rare condition(D) is a rare condition.8. _____ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was inventedonly once and then diffused to the rest of the world.(A) Even(B) But(C) Although(D) So.9. Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is _____ in various forms.(A) abundant(B) the abundance(C) an abundant(D) it abundant10. In her time, Isadora Duncan was _____ today a liberated woman.(A) calling what we would(B) who would be calling(C) what we would call(D) she would call it.11. _____ around stones that are sun-warmed, even the smallest of stones creates tiny currents of warm air.(A) The cool air(B) If the air is cool(C) That the air cools(D) The cooler the air.12. Despite its wide range of styles and instrumentation, country music has certain common features _____ its own special character.(A) give it that(B) that give it(C) give that(D) that gives it to13. Most of _____ archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remains.(A) these(B) what(C) which(D) their14. According to some critics, the novels of William Burroughs demonstrate the major hazard of absurd literature, _____ tendency toward over-embellishment and incoherence.(A) notwithstanding(B) besides(C) is a(D) its15. Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920’s _____ in blues music.(A) was one of the greatest periods.(B) one of the greatest periods(C) was of the greatest periods(D) the greatest periods.16.Gone With the Wind, the epic novel about life in South during the Civil War period, took tenyears write.17. None two butterflies have exactly the same design on their wings.18. To save the California condor from extinction, a group of federal, local, and privatelyorganizations initiated a rescue program.19. A coral reef, a intricate aquatic community of plants and animals, is found only in warm,shallow, sunlit seas.20. Carnegie hall was the first building in New York designed special for orchestral music.21. Since it lives in the desert, the collared lizard depends from insects for water as well as forfood.22. The Texas Panhandle region, in the northwestern part of the state, produces more wheat,cotton, and grain sorghum than any of other area of Texas.23. Light rays what enter the eye must be focused onto a point on the retina in order for a clearvisual image to form.24. The orangutan’s hands and feet are designed for holding and grasping branches, and itspowerful immensely arms enable it to climb and swing in trees without difficulty.25. The extraordinary beautiful of orchids makes them the basis of a multimillion dollar floralindustry.26. The Vermont Elememary Science Project, according to its founders, are designed tochallenge some of the most widely held beliefs about teaching.27. The number 8.5 is an example of a “mixed number” because it is composing of an integerand a fraction.28. If it is kept dry, a seed can still sprout up to forty years after their formation.29. In The Sociology of Science, now considered a classic, Robert Merton discusses cultural,economy and social forces that contributed to the development of modern science.对现代科学发展的贡献.30.Bacteria lived in the soil play a vital role in recycling the carbon and nitrogen needed byplants.31.Some snakes have hollow teeth are called fangs that they use to poison their victims.32.Stars derive their energy from thermonuclear reactions that take place in their heatinteriors.33.Carrie Chapman Call organized the League of Women Votes after successfully campaignfor the constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote.34.Any group that conducting its meeting using parliamentary rules will encounter situationswhere prescribed procedures cannot be applied.35.The strongly patriotic character of Charles Sangster’s poetry is credited about greatlyfurthering the cause of confederation in Canada.36.Jessamyn West’s first and most famous novel, The friendly Persuasion describes the life ofa Quaker farmed family in the mid-1800’s.37. One inventor that Thomas Edison can take credit for is the light bulb.38.Electric motors range in size from the tiny mechanisms that operate sewing machine to thegreat engines in heavy locomotives.39.The nitrogen makes up over 78 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere, the gaseous masssurrounding the planet.40.The Mississippi, the longest river in the United States, begins as small clear stream innorthwestern Minnesota.1996年10月语法题1. Charlie Parker, _____ was one of the creators of the music style called “bop.”(A) a great jazz improviser who(B) to improvise great jazz(C) a great jazz improviser(D) improvised great jazz.2. The world’s deepest cave, Pierre St. Martin in the Pyrenees Mo untains, is almost three times as deep _____.(A) as the Empire State Building is high.(B) That the Empire State Building is higher.(C) Is higher than the Empire State Building(D) And the Empire State Building’s height.3. When Columbus reached the New World, corn was the _____ in the Americas.(A) widely most grown plant.(B) Most widely grown plant(C) Most grown widely plant(D) Plant widely grown most.4. Because kaolin shrinks in firing at a different rate than ordinary clay, _____ when creating pottery using both types of clay.(A) special handling is required(B) special handling required(C) a requirement of special handling(D) the required special handling5. The ceremonial Chilcat blanket of the Northwest Tlingit Indians was generally _____ from cedar bark, wool, and goats’ hair.(A) wove(B) to weave(C) weaving(D) woven6. _____ composed traditionally has been a subject of debate among scholars.(A) Were ballads how(B) Ballads were how they(C) How ballads that were(D) How ballads were7. Jupiter, the closest of the giant planets to Earth, has _____ solid surface and is surrounded by zones of intense radiation.(A) not(B) nor(C) no(D) neither.8. The black-billed cuckoo has been known to steal eggs _____ to other birds.(B) which belonging(C) which they belong(D) that belongC中多主语they9. The purpose of phonetics is _____ an inventory and a description of the sounds found in speech.(A) to provide(B) provided(C) which provided(D) providing thatD多that10.Earthquakes can damage a tree _____ violently, and it can take several years for the tree to heal.(A) to cause shaking(B) when shaking it causes(C) by causing it to shake(D) to cause to shake it11._____ bacteria in foods are killed, as they are during baking or stewing, decay is slowed down.(A) What(B) The(C) If(D) So12.The colors and patterns of the wings of butterflies and moths help _____ the organism against predators.(A) protect(B) being protected(C) protecting(D) protection of13.In 1993 the Library of Congress appointed author Rita Dove _____ of the United States.(A) as was poet laureate(B) was poet laureate(C) poet laureate(D) and poet laureate14.At the South Pole _____, the coldest and most desolate region on Earth.(A) Antarctica lies where(B) Where Antarctica lies(C) Antarctica lies and(D) Lies Antarctica15.Tornados, powerful, destructive wind storms, occur most often in the spring when hot winds _____ over flat land encounter heavy cold air.(A) which to rise.(B) that rising(D) rising16.Many exercises such as calisthenics, running, or to swim involve producing muscle tensionthrough a range of movements that are called isotonics.17.Intelligence, education, and experience all helps shape management style.18. The basic elements of public-opinion research are interviewers, questionnaires, tabulatingequipment, and to sample population.19. Conservation organizations help for to preserve the ecology of an area by keeping track ofendangered species.20. Gwendolyn Brooks, which won a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1950, had 75 poems publishedby the time she was twenty.21. O Halifax is largest city and chief port of Nova Scotia and is the eastern terminus ofCanada’s two great railway systems.22.T. S. Eliot received wide recognition after publishes The Waste Land, which fused poetictraditions with elements of modern music and language.23. Numerous types of cells, such as skin cells and white blood cells, have the powerreproduce asexually.24. The knee is more likely to be damage than most other joints because it is subject totremendous forces during vigorous activity.25.Although ferns lack flowers, they do have leaves, stems, and root.26. Crazy Horse is generally recognized for his courageous and skill, and he was revered bythe Sioux as their greatest leader.27. In medicine, certain plastics have important uses because they do not affected bychemicals in the body, and they do not harm the body.28. Since a hospital is organized to protect and treat people who are ill, its goals, structures,and functions depend on the currently state of medical science.29. A change in direction of the monsoon winds result from the differences between theheating or cooling of landmasses and that of oceans.30. Small distinctions among stamps, unimportant to the person average, would mean a greatdeal to the stamp collector.31. Members of a nation’s foreign service represent that country’s interests abroad and reporton the conditions, trends, and policies of the country which they arestationed.32. Abraham Lincoln’s boyhood home resembled those of many others mid-western pioneers,with its dirt floor, sleeping loft, and crude fireplace.33. Dwelling primarily in the ice northern polar seas, beluga whales are characteristically small,white, agile, and elusive.34.There is evidence that the caribou originated into North America and crossed over al landbridge into Asia and evolved into the Old World’s reindeer.35.The bold way in which Margaret Mead defined the terms “family” - based as much onchoice as on biological relationship - is possibly the most enduring of herlegacies.36. The planet Mars is a freezing, barren deserts with huge, dry canyons and toweringvolcanoes.37. Of the many machines invented in the late nineteenth century, none had a great impact onthe United States economy than the automobile.38. A number of the Pacific Islands are volcanoes that have pushed up from the ocean floor,others are the tops sunken mountain ranges.39. It has been reported that during any twenty-four hour period, a minimal of three hundredNorth American women start their own businesses.40. Archeological studies have provided evidence that the use of plants for decoration as wellas for food developed early in the history.1997年01月语法题1. _____ a necessary dimension for measuring astronomical space and the distance of heavenly bodies from the Earth.(A) Once in time(B) Time is(C) The time(D) It is time2. Jackie Joyner-Kersee, _____ the world record in the heptathlon in the 1988 Olympics, also won the long jump in the year.(A) whose setting(B) which she set(C) whoever set(D) who set(A) no more large(B) no larger than(C) not larger(D) which no larger4. Gorillas are quiet animals, _____ they are capable of making about 20 different sounds.(A) whether(B) which(C) even though(D) as well asA、句意不符D不能连接句子5. Although the Earth’s chemical composition had been studied for years, only toward the end of the nineteenth century _____ as a discipline in its own right.(A) when geochemistry was recognized(B) was geochemistry as recognized(C) then recognized as geochemistry(D) as geochemistry was recognized6. Because the wood of the dogwood tree is very hard, _____ is used for objects, such as roller skate wheels, in which hardness is desired.(A) and(B) it(C) what(D) thus7. In hot, dry region s, the Sun’s heat causes the outer layer of rocks _____, a process called exfoliation.(A) are expanded and peeled away(B) to expand and peel away(C) expands and peels away(D) they expand and peel away8. The lower _____ in a room, the more slowly our eyes focus.(A) the level of lighting(B) light level(C) leveling of light(D) lighting is level9. _____ Sarah Orne Jewett, a nineteenth-century writer, read widely in her family’s extensive library.(A) That she received little education formally(B) The little formal education that she received(C) Little formal education that was received by(D) Although she received little formal education10. In the early twentieth century, the “Model T” automobile was mass-produced and sold at a price _____ could afford.(A) the average person who(B) that the average person who(C) and the average person(D) the average personC afford缺少宾语11. Not only _____ all the positive charge of an atom, it is also the site of the weight of every atom.(A) does the nucleus hold(B) the nucleus holding(C) the nucleus does hold(D) holds the nucleus12. The wind-rippled sand at California’s Kelso Dunes res embles _____.(A) to be an ocean floor(B) as an ocean floor(C) an ocean floor(D) being an ocean floor13. Fossil records indicate _____ existing in the past have become extinct.(A) that many species of organisms(B) many species of organisms that(C) many species of organisms are(D) there are many organisms14. Experiments related to the sense of smell are more easily _____ than those related to perception of color.(A) setting them up(B) to set up(C) set up(D) sets up those15. The Pulitzer Prize has been _____ in American literature for more than seventy years.(A) the award most prestigious that(B) the most prestigious award。

托福考试语法试题及答案详解

托福考试语法试题及答案详解托福考试语法试题及答案详解11. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案：B分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。

这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。

参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ a t the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.A. she was the first woman to conductB. the first woman conductorC. the woman was first conductingD. the woman conducts first答案：B分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。

参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。

one to do sth补充：常考 the first/second/3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案：A分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。

1990年01月TOEFL语法真题_9745

EXERCISE FIVEB1.---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A) A(B) It is a(C)Although a(D)There is a2.Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A) such(B) more(C) as(D) than3.The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A) it grows(B) what grows(C) does it grow(D) what does it grow4.Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to makesteel.(A)bridge-building(B)building of bridges(C)building a bridge(D)bridges are built5.---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A) Contrary to general belief(B) General belief contrary to(C) Belief contrary to general(D) Contrary belief general to6.Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for a seat(A)Barbara Jordan's campaign being(B)Barbara Jordan campaigned(C)Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D)Barbara Jordan campaigning7.The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.(A) are influenced(B) be influenced(C) influencing(D) influence8.Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---is equal to the probabilitythat it will not occur.(A)occurs(B)will occur(C)can occur(D) occurring9.---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle ofcapillary action.(A)All lamps early(B)Lamps all early(C)All early lamps(D)Early all lamps10.Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called "the census taker ofthe sky."(A)a leading astronomer who(B)who, as a leading astronomer,(C)was a leading astronomer(D)a leading astronomer,11.The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---to the body.(A) the stress it is greater(B) greater is the stress(C) greater stress is(D) the greater the stress12.And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.(A)how(B)of(C)by which(D)for it13.Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.(A) coolest(B) the coolest(C) cooler(D) the cooler14.Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.(A)far too(B)far and(C)so far(D)as far as15.Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.(A) because(B) if(C) when(D) and16.The methods of spectrum analysis vary according to the wavelength region were studied.A B C D17. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour who originate overA B C D tropical ocean waters.18. A great proportion of the seeds of desert flora they possess germination-inhibiting substances.ABCD 19. Window treatment, furniture arrangement and color combine all contributeto the overallA B C impression of a room.D20. Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount ofA B Cmoisture, but both.D21. Due to its excellent tensile strength, acetate rayon is an important material for products so asA B C balloons, parachutes, fire hoses, and webbing.D22. It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their natural environment, but theyA Bwill reach a very old age if left undisturbed by humans.C D23. A footnote is characteristically employed to give information that is too long or too detailedA B C D be included in the body of a text.24. Watercolors dry more faster than other paints.A B C D25. In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or relatingA B C D those objects.26. Alike most fruit trees, the quince is normally propagated from shoots or cuttings.A B C D27. A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time.A B C D28. In 1981 the fossil jaw of a previously unknown small mammal was found onto a NavahoA B C Dreservation in Arizona.29. The wild carrot, knew as Queen Anne's lace, gave rise to the cultivated carrot in itsA B Cdomesticated form.D30. A statue, a monumental, a building, or a park may be dedicated to commemorate aA B C distinguished individual.D31. The Earth's magnetic poles are not stationary, but slowly shift its position.AB CD 32. A emotion is not necessarily aroused bysomething in the outside world.A B C D33. The elbows are joints that connected people's up arms with their forearms.A B C D34. Ants have an elaborate structure social, and enjoy a longevity far greater than that of mostABCD insects.35. Municipal planners deal chiefly for the physical layout of communities.A B C D36. A musician with multiply talents, Aretha Franklin is able to write songs that are unusuallyA B C consistent in style and content.D37. Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question ofABCD physiology and of culture.38. One of the most distinction dialects of North American English, Gullah is spoken by manyA B C people in the South Carolina area.D39. The novels of John Cheever belongs to a literary tradition that is concerned primarily withA B C D manners.40. Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.A B C D。

TOEFL语法讲解

年月TOEFL语法讲解————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：1992年01月语法题1. I n the textile industry, the term "gunny" refers to ---burlap that is not of the best quality.(A) not expensive a(B) expensive, not(C) not an expensive(D) an inexpensive答案：D测试点：定语间序．分析：短语refer to后面应接名词宾语(burlap，麻布)，此名词前缺冠词及形容词．(A)及(C)否定词序是错误的。

(B)expensive为形容词，不能作宾语。

2. T he skyscraper, --- ,is an architectural form that originated in the United States.(A) is a tall commercial structure(B) a tall commercial structure(C) a tall commercial structure which(D) of which a tall commercial structure答案：B测试点：同位语．分析：位于主语和系动词之间，两边用逗号隔开的成份，一般是后置定语或同位语．答案中(B)是名词性结构，可作同位语，故选(B)．(A)多了动词；(C)(D)含从句成份．解题要点：这是典型的同位语考题．当主语与谓语之间有空格，且有逗号分隔，应首先考虑名词同位语结构．3. --- were stones piled at intervals.(A) The earliest road markers(B) The earliest road markers, which(C) Road markers were the earliest(D) Until the earliest road markers答案：A测试点：主语．分析：本句有系动词而缺主语，应在答案中选名词性的词组，即(A)．4. S ome procedures used for laboratory analysis of archaeological specimens are ---procedures conducted in crime laboratories.(A) resemble(B) similar to(C) same as(D) alike答案：B测试点；习语／表语。

托福阅读基础语法：lesson1(原创)

一．现阶段如何提高生词1.背词汇书。

2.背课上讲义词汇3.背诵作业中的生词二．句子理解中的常见结构：1.A of B结构理解：1）区分：A of B和some of B结构2）A of B中A和B之间修饰关系2.阅读中专有名词和专业名词1）专业名词一般自带解释：Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to（似乎）be involved in aggression.One is the hypothalamus,a region of the brain.2）专有名词：如地名，人名啥的，理解时直接用首字母代替三．五大基本句型：即英语句子的骨架，是一个复杂句子瘦身以后的结构，即句子主干1）区分：主谓与主谓宾This trend began during the Second World War.Nearly all astronomical objects in space emit radio waves.2）区分：主谓宾与主系表Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop.3）区分：主谓双宾与主谓宾补He makes Tom a cake.He makes Tom the manager.4）区分：被动语态与主系表The waterwheel was soon replaced by steam engine.5）谓语动词会有哪些变化形式,哪些动词形式绝对不能做谓语？四．句子理解的步骤：1.找谓语动词，看谓语动词是系动词还是实意动词（注意有些词长得像谓语，但有可能不是谓语哟。

千万不要搞错咯）。

2.找主语，然后看谓语后有没有名词做宾语。

3.理解句子。

1)Grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation in semiarid lands.（）2)All the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer under the surface.（）3)The daytime quality of light in forests varies with the density of the vegetation,the angle of the Sun,and the amount of cloud in the sky.（）4)The availability of steam power and the demands for new machines facilitated the transformation of the iron industry.（）5)The planet’s great distance from Earth and its small size make this planet's true nature a mystery.()6)He promised himself rapid progress.（）五．小白如何分析长难句分析1.复习句子理解步骤？2.主语和宾语太长怎么理解？3.什么是句子主干？抓取句子主干的在阅读中的作用？课上练习2：（圈出句子中的谓语动词，抓取句子主干）1）The only way to protect this fragile（脆弱的）part of the planet is to stop tourists from traveling to Antarctica(南极)主干：2）In addition,water heated geothermally（地热地）can contain salts and toxic materials dissolved from the hot rock.主干：3）Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential,commercial,and industrial spaces.主干：六．并列连词1.常见并列连词有哪些？2.并列连词所并列的对象必须形式相同3.两个并列对象与三个或三个以上并列对象时的形式差别。

老托福1999-01语法笔记

1999年01月语法题1. Among the first plants to grow on the land regions of the Earth _____, which in prehistoric times grew to immense size(A) were horsetail rushes(B) horsetail rushes(C) horsetail rushes were(D) and horsetail rushes答案：A分析：浏览全句，后面是一从句，那么，逗号前面一定是主句。

主句中介词短语among…在句首，所以用倒装句。

B, D无谓语，且D中也无与and 并列的成分; C, were后无表语。

翻译参考：马尾鞭草是最早生长在地球陆地上的植物之一，它们在史前时代能长得非常巨大。

2. Unlike fossil fuels, which can be used only once, wind and solar power _____of energy.(A) for renewable sources(B) the sources are renewable(C) are renewable sources(D) renewable sources答案：C分析：浏览全句，得知句中缺谓语，排除A, D。

B, wind and solar power与the sources无法连接，故选C。

翻译参考：与只可利用一次的石油不同，风能和太阳能是可更新的能源3. _____ that the first cheese was probably made more than 4,000 years ago by nomadic tribes in Asia.(A) The belief(B) Although they believe(C) It is believed(D) Believing答案：C分析：空格后面是完整的从句，所以选C, 主谓成份都齐全，后跟that引导的宾语从句。

托福语法强化班讲义

托福语法强化班讲义第一节：名词1.1 可数名词与不可数名词- 可数名词有复数形式，例如：book - books- 不可数名词没有复数形式，例如：water1.2 名词所有格- 单数名词所有格的构成方法：名词 + 's，例如：Tom's book - 复数名词所有格的构成方法：名词 + '，例如：girls' books - 特殊名词所有格的构成方法：'s + 名词，例如：the United States' economy第二节：动词2.1 动词时态- 简单现在时：表示现在或经常性的动作，例如：I always play basketball on Sundays.- 简单过去时：表示过去的动作，例如：I played basketball yesterday.- 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作，例如：I am playing basketball now.- 过去进行时：表示过去正在进行的动作，例如：I was playing basketball at 8pm last night.2.2 动词语态- 被动语态的构成方法：be + 过去分词，例如：The letter was written by Tom.第三节：形容词3.1 形容词的比较级和最高级- 比较级的构成方法：more + 形容词，例如：The red apple is more delicious than the green one.- 最高级的构成方法：the + 形容词 + est，例如：The red appleis the most delicious.3.2 形容词的位置- 形容词通常放在名词前面，例如：A beautiful flower.总结本强化班讲义简要讲解了名词、动词以及形容词的基本知识点，希望能对大家托福语法的学习有所帮助。

精品文档1992年01月TOEFL托福听力文字

92年1月托福听力文字PART A1.Jack introduced us to his parents.2.I finished the assignment a week ago.3.We didm't think you would mind.4.Do go ahead with your dessert.5.He was extremely angry but didn't let it show.6.Aren't your clever to figure that out!7.Ann rides her bike to work to save money on bus fare.8.My marks are higher than I thought they's be.9.Alex will call before he comes,won't he?10.The club president announced that each member has a quota of ten tickets to sell for the talent show.11.We should include these figures in the report,I think.12.Now that I finally turned in my thesis,I plan to take it easy for a while.13.I don't think I heard her name mentioned before.14.No one came to the school play.15.If only you told me sooner.16.I've got to get going on my research project.17.The actors received a standing ovation for their periormance.18.A friend bought Doris's painting.19.Everyone thinks Carlo is a very outgoing fellow.20.I was late coming back from lunch today.PART B21.W:Mathew wants to know if he can go with us to the party.M:That's old,this morning he said he wanted to go by himself.Q:What does the man mean?22.M:I thought I'd give Pam a call now.W:Isn't it a little late at night?Q:What does the woman imply?23.M:Would it be okay if I use this machine?W:I don't see any reason why not.Q:What does the woman mean?24.M:Hi,Ammy,You're looking better,it's nice to have you back.W:Thanks,I just hope I can catch up on all the work I've missed.Q:What does Ammy mean?25.M:Bruce said he would meet us.W:Well,he's really taking his time getting here.Q:What can be assumed about Bruce?26.W:Why didn't you make an appointment to see Doctor Handison last week when you first twisted your foot?M:The injury didn't seem very serious then,I decided to come today because my foot still hurts when I put my weight on it.Q:Why didn't the man,see Doctor Handison eather?27.M:Do you always look over your own papers for typing mistakes.W:I usually have to do it myself,but I'd rather have someone wlse proofread them.Q:What would the woman prefer to do?28.M:I stayed up all night studying for the test.W:Again,How you get by with so little rest is a mystery for me.Q:What does the woman mean?29.W:Let's all go to the baseball game tonight.M:Why waste our money?Teh team's going to lose again.Q:What does the man mean?30.M:Sarah's been home sick for a week.W:Why don't we drop in on her and find out how she is doing?Q:What does thw woman mean?31.W:I need to have a new dress made.M:Doesn't Nancy sew?Q:What does the man imply?32.M:How do you like the way I've arranged my furniture in my living room?W:Fine,but I think the walls could use a few paintings.Q:What does the woman suggest that the amn do?33.M:Would yu like a copy of this article?W:Thanks,if it's not too much trouble.Q:What does the woman mean?34.W:Let's get this desk in order.M:Yes,it's about time we cleared it off.Q:What can be inferred form the desk?35.W:We got the tape recorder repaired last week.M:Oh,so it couldbe repaired.Q:What had the man assumed?PART C36-40W:Have you ever lookedreally closely at the snowflake?M:Sure,but they usually melt too fast for me to get a close look.Why do you ask?W:I'm just curious.I was reading an article about the formation of snowflakes,and I realized that I had never paid much attention to them before.M:Wll there is a big variety,isn't there?W:Yea,but they all have one of the three basic forms;hexagona!columns,this hexagonal plates andthe balnching star-shaped form.M:I wonder why are forms different,maybe because ice starts to form on dus particles with different shape.W:Well I thouht it might have something to do with the water saturation of the air.but we're both wrong,The author of this articale did extensive research and concluded that the shapes of snow crystals largely controlied by the temperature of the air.For example,the featherly star-shaped snowflake that everyone thinks is typical occurs only at a specific temparature.N:Doesn't the relative humdity has anything to do with the shapes?W:Apparently not.The affect of super saturation is simply to alter the growth rate.The greater the saturation,the faster the snow flakes form.M:Wh,next time when it snows,I'll make a point fo taking a close look.36.What are the people discussing?37.Why has the woman brought up the subject snowflake?38.How many basic types of snowflakes are there?39.What determined the shape of the snowflakes?40.What does the man say that he is going to do?41-45Good evening,welcome to the first meetiong of ourspring cycling season.It's a pleasure to see so many new faces here.I certainly hope that most of you will soon feel right:a home with our group and bibybling will become a regular hobby for you and a part of your physicalfitness routine.Some of you may not reallize that the state of New Jersey offers ample opportunities for bicyclists of all abilities.We have rolling country side,miles of beaches,lovely hills and valeys and thousands of miles of little used roads.Beginners will find the shore and area south of Princeton suitable for their needs while expert riders will discover that the steep trails of the region around high point offer a challenge to their skill and stamina.In addition,New Jersay is rich in places of historical interest.The state abounds in colonial archeracture,battle fields of the revolution and other historic sites important in the early history of this country,most carefully preserved or have been meticulously restored.We organized tours to a variety of places nearly every weekend. Next Saturday tour will be a relatively easy one,from RectersUniversity to the gate of National Park.Interested cyclists should meet at eight a.m. in the parking lot at the corner of Hamilton Street and Coliege Acenue in New Branderswick.The minimum time of this tour is about six hours.We'll use a buddy system throughour the ride.Each nes rider should team up with a more experienced rider.If the puddles look after each other,we can be sure that no one will be left behind on the back road.You can pick up a map of Sautrday's tour at the information table before you leave this evening.41.What is the purpose of this talk?42.According to the speaker,waht makes New Jersey a good place to bicycle?43.Whay does the speaker mention the historical sites?44.What will some of the listeners probably do on Saturday?45.What is the purpose of the buddy system?46-50W:Hi,Tom.M:Judy,I haven't seen you in weeks.Where have you been?W:In Florida.M:What,vacationing while the rest of us have been studying on campus in the Feburary cold.W:Not exactly,I spent most of my time underwater.M:I don't understand.W:I was on a special field trip.I went with my marine biology class.M:So you went Souba diving,What were you looking for,Sunken treasure?W:You might say so,the sea is full of treasures,all kinds of strange fascination organisms.Our class concentrated on studying plankton.M:I thoutht planktons are too small to be seen.W:That's a common misconception.The term Plankton couvers a wide variety of freely floating plants and animals from microscopoc one-celled organism to large ones such as the common jellyfish.M:Jellyfish maybe large enough to be seen,but they are transparent,aren't they?W:Yes,most planktons have transparent tissues as a protective camouflage,It makes them practically invisible to predators.M:But not invisible to your bioloby class,I hope.W:By concentrating,Iwas able to see the outlines of lots of different planktonis plants and animals.In fact,our professor even took photographs of Greeber Quadata,which are small oceanic snails.M:How could the snails show up in the photograghs if they are transparent.W:We squirted GreeberQuadata with a harmless green day.Since particles of the day stuck to their tissues,the snails appeared in green outline in the photograph.M:That sound like a interesting trip.But I think if I'd been in Florida in Feburay,I'd much rather spend my time just swimming and lying in the sun.46.How did Judy spend most of her time in Folride?47.What was Tom doing in Feburary?48.What kind of class went on the field trip?49.Acording to Judy,What did her professor photograph?50.Why is it hard to see most planktons?倚窗远眺，目光目光尽处必有一座山，那影影绰绰的黛绿色的影，是春天的颜色。