英语句子结构分析

句子成分
要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要弄清楚组成一
个句子的各个组成部分，即句子的成分。句子成分有主
要成分和次要成分；
主要：主语与谓语
次要：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语与同位语
① The sun rises in the east.
主谓 状
② My job is teaching English.
有的动词之后可接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)。直接 宾语指物或事，间接宾语指人或动物。
⑨ Mr Long teaches us math this term. ⑩ My parents bought me a bike last week.
㈤ 宾语补足语
用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、
① 主语 + 谓语(vi.) ② 主语 + 谓语(vt.) + 宾语 ③ 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，
不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主 语、谓语(或表语)，有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、 谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句 子的基本意思就清楚了。
陈述句
⒌ What do you know about Bill Gates?
疑问句
⒍ We will make our school more beautiful.
陈述句
⒎ Would you like to go with me or stay here?
疑问句
⒏ Which do you like best, milk, coffee or tea?
alone.
⒎ The man who has much money chooses living alone. 复合句
⒏ Though the man has much money, he chooses living
alone.
复合句
⒐ The sad thing is that the man with much money chooses
疑问句
⒐ All the students think highly of his teaching.
陈述句
⒑ He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know. 陈述句
⒒ You didn’t have a good sleep last night, did you? 疑问句
tree.
㈡ 谓语
说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词
短语充当，常位于主语之后。
⑴ 简单谓语：动词或短语动词
①We love our motherland. ② I saw the flag on the top of the hill. ③ The couple looked after five orphans.
定 主 系表结构
③ We often see Mr Li ride a bike to work.
主 状谓 宾
宾补
④ I met my best friend Tom in the park yesterday.
主 谓 定 宾 同位
状
㈠ 主语
表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、 代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，常置于句首。 ① To see is to believe. ② What he said is true. ③ She went out in a hurry. ④ Four plus eight is twelve. ⑤ Smoking is bad for your health. ⑥ Jane is good at playing the piano. ⑦ The young should respect the old. ⑧ Twenty years is a short time in history. ⑨ My friends and I had a nice time in the park yesterday. ⑩ It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a
㈥ 定语
对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容
词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子
等充当。单词作定语通常为前置定语；短语和从句作定 语通常为后置定语。
① The girl in red is his sister. ② Do you know Betty’s sister? ③ There are 26 boys in our class. ④ His father works in a steel work. ⑤ His spoken English is very good. ⑥ There’s a sleeping baby in the bed. ⑦ You’d better not take sleeping pills. ⑧ I have something important to tell you. ⑨ Do you know the man who spoke just now? ⑩ As we all know, the earth moves round the sun.
⒓ Don’t get nervous. Help yourself to what you like.祈使句
㈡ 按照句子的结构，指出下列句子各属于哪一种类型？
⒈ Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
并列句
⒉ Go back where you came from.
复合句
⒊ I hate skating, while he loves it.
并列句
⒋ At last he got home, tired and hungry.
简单句
⒌ What the man with much money chooses is living alone.复合句
⒍ We know that the man with much money chooses living 复合句
㈣ 宾语பைடு நூலகம்
指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当
于名词的词组或句子充当，常位于动词或介词之后。
① I’m looking for my pen. ② I enjoy working with you. ③ I’d like to see your photos. ④ She didn’t say anything about it. ⑤ Did you write down what he said? ⑥ They sent the injured to the hospital. ⑦ “How many do you want?” “I want two.” ⑧ We have no classes on Sunday afternoon.
非谓语动词等充当。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。 宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
① They made her happy. ② I found the book interesting. ③ You can’t leave the boy here. ④ They elected Li Ming monitor. ⑤ He is going to have his hair cut. ⑥ She asked me to lend her a hand. ⑦ I often hear Li Hua sing this song. ⑧ They saw a big bird flying in the sky. ⑨ I left my glasses at home when I went out. ⑩ I feel it important for us to learn English well.
⑵ 复合谓语：情态动词或助动词+动词 ④ He can speak English well. ⑤ We should take good care of our eyes. ⑥ I have finished reading this book already. ⑦ I didn’t go to the net bar with Sam last night.
形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当， 位于系动词之后，与系动词一起构成合成谓语。
① Time is precious. ② I don’t feel at ease. ③ You look fine today. ④ That remains a puzzle. ⑤ The oranges taste so sweet. ⑥ The story sounds interesting. ⑦ The fried chicken smells delicious. ⑧ The homeless people often go hungry. ⑨ The man seems to have lost something. ⑩ The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
living alone.
复合句
⒑ The thing that the man with much money chooses living
alone is known to everyone.
复合句
简单句
简单句就是只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情 况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有 宾语；而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、 谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语 前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。一般说来，英语简单句 可以简化为三种形式：
㈦ 状语
用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，
一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当，
可用来说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方 向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
① I’ll be back in a while. ② This story is very interesting. ③ Please call me if it’s necessary. ④ He often goes to school by bus. ⑤ He was late because he got up late. ⑥ They are playing on the playground. ⑦ He got up early in order to catch the train. ⑧ It was so cold that nobody wanted to go out. ⑨ She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears. ⑩ The headmaster has gone to Guiyang for a meeting.
序言
英语句子有两种分类法。一是按照句子的用 途可分为四种类型。二是按照句子的结构可分为 三种类型。
⑴ 按照句子的用途可分为以下四种类型：
① 陈述句 (肯定与否定)；② 疑问句 (一般； 特殊；选择；反意)；③ 祈使句；④ 感叹句。
⑵ 按照句子的用结构分为以下三种类型： ① 简单句；② 并列句；③ 复合句。
㈠按照句子的用途，指出下列句子各属于哪一种类型？
⒈ How time flies!
感叹句
⒉ What a hard-working student he is!
感叹句
⒊ Would you please pass me the cup?
疑问句
⒋ Our school is not far from my home.
⑶ 并列谓语：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上的谓语
⑧ He eats and drinks a lot. ⑨ I wanted to help them but couldn’t. ⑩ You may stay here or go there with me.
㈢ 表语
表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、
㈧ 同位语 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功