Unit 7 British Education System (英国的教育体制)
英语国家概况(1)课程第2次形成性考核答案和讲评
英语国家概况（1）课程形成性考核题英语国家概况（1）课程第2次形成性考核答案和讲评（Unit 06-10）The United Kingdom (II)I. True or False:Unit 6 British Literature(T) 01. The early British literature was concerned with Christianity, and Anglo-Saxons produced many versions of the Bible. (Unit 6)(F) 02. There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual life in Europe during the 17th and 18th centurywhich is known as “The Renaissance”. (Unit 6)There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual life in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries which is known as “The Renaissance”. (T)(T) 03. Keats, Shelley and Byron brought the Romantic Movement to its height. (Unit 6)(T) 04. Robinson Crusoe tells the story of a shipwreck and a solitary survival. (Unit 6)(F) 05. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with the power of reason than with imagination andfeeling. (Unit 6)Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason. (T)(F) 06. Thomas Hardy, t he author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles, was a first-class novelist but a second-class poet.(Unit 6)Thomas Hardy, the author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles, was not only a first-class novelist but also a first-class poet. (T)Unit 7 British Education System(F) 07. The purpose of British education is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills. (Unit 7)The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize the children. (T)(T) 08. The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic”. (Unit 7)(F) 09. British universities are mainly private bodies which collect funds by themselves. (Unit 7)British universities are mainly public bodies which receive funds from the central government. (T) (T) 10. In Oxford and Cambridge, the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. (Unit 7) (F) 11. Grammar schools in Britain select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a language education.(Unit 7)Grammar schools in Britain select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education.(T)(T) 12. Comprehensive schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities. (Unit 7)Unit 8 British Foreign Relations(F) 13. When the Second World ended, Britain no longer was the largest military power in Western Europe.(Unit 8)When the Second World ended, Britain was the largest military power in Western Europe. (T)(F) 14. According to Unit 8, the most single important factor which influences British contemporary foreignpolicy is its history. (Unit 8)According to Unit 8, the contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperialhistory and also by its geographical traits. (T)(T) 15. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. (Unit 8) (F) 16. Britain is a parliamentary monarch. (Unit 8)Britain is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarch. (T)(T) 17. Britain hosts a large military American presence and there are some American military bases in the UK.(Unit 8)(F) 18. Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries on defencepolicy. (Unit 8)Britain is a member of the NATO despite its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy. (T)Unit 9 The British Media(T) 19. On an average day, an overwhelming majority of Britons over the age 15 read a national or local paper.(Unit 9)(F) 20. The British media play an important role in shaping a national education. (Unit 9)The British media play an important role in shaping a national culture. (T)(T) 21. Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog of parliamentary democracy. (Unit 9)(F) 22. The tabloids are larger format newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines. (Unit 9)The tabloids are smaller format newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines. (T)(T) 23. The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a licence each year for their TV set. (Unit 9)(F) 24. The BBC World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 24 otherlanguages throughout the world. (Unit 9)The BBC World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42 other languages throughout the world. (T)Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festival in Britain(F) 25. The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Buddhism. (Unit 10)The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church. (T)(F) 26. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the modern soldiers. (Unit 10)The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. (T)(F) 27. The game of Golf was invented by the Irish. (Unit 10)The game of Golf was invented by the Scottish. (T)(T) 28. The extremist animal-lovers’ group would like to have horse-racing banned. (Unit 10)(T) 29. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British. (Unit 10) (T) 30. In Ireland, New Year’s Eve called Hogmanay (December 31st) is the major winter celebration. (Unit 10)II. Choose the best answer:Unit 6 British Literature01. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer? (Unit 6) Key AA. The Canterbury Tales.B. Beowulf.C. King Lear.D. Le Morte D’Arthur.02. Which literary form flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature? (Unit 6)Key CA. Novel.B. Essay.C. Drama.D. Poetry.03. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism? (Unit 6) Key DA. Keats.B. Shelley.C. Wordsworth.D. Defoe.04. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? (Unit 6) Key BA. Dr. FaustusB. Macbeth.C. Frankenstein.D. The Tempest.05. Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism? (Unit 6) Key CA. D. H. Lawrence.B. E. M. Foster.C. Charles Dickens.D. Virginal Woolf.06. Which of the following writers wrote the book “1984” that began “Postmodernism” in British literature”?(Unit 6) Key AA. George Orwell.B. Robert L. Stevenson.C. D. H. Lawrence.D. Virginia Woolf.Unit 7 British Education System07. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to ______. (Unit 7) Key CA. private schoolsB. independent schoolsC. state schoolsD. public schools08. In Britain, children from the age 5 to 16 ______. (Unit 7) Key BA. can legally receive partly free educationB. can legally receive completely free educationC. can not receive free education at allD. can not receive free education if their parents are rich09. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? (Unit 7) Key DA. The University of Cambridge.B. The University of Oxford.C. The University of Edinburgh.D. The University of Buckingham.10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? (Unit 7) Key CA. It’s open to everybody.B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.C. No university degree is awarded.D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, email and internet, etc.11. In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ______. (Unit 7)Key AA. grammar schoolsB. comprehensive schoolsC. public schoolsD. technical schools12. Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system? (Unit 7) Key DA. It’s run by the state.B. It’s funded by the state.C. It’s supervised by the state.D. It’s dominated by the state.Unit 8 British Foreign Relations13. Britain had a big influence on the post-World War II international order because ______. (Unit 8)Key BA. it used to be a great imperial powerB. it used to be a great imperial powerC. it defeated Hitler’s armyD. it got support from its former colonies.14. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? (Unit 8) Key CA. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain.B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.D. Britain, China, France, the United States and Japan.15. How much of the globe did Great Britain rule in its imperial prime? (Unit 8) Key BA. One fourth of the globe.B. One fifth of the globe.C. One third of the globe.D. Two thirds of the globe.16. Which of the following is not involved in making British foreign policy? (Unit 8) Key AA. The Queen of the UK.B. The Foreign Commonwealth Office.C. The Prime Minister.D. The Cabinet.17. Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapon capabilities? (Unit 8)Key CA. BritainB. The United StatesC. GermanyD. France.18. The Commonwealth is an organization of ______ that were once part of the British Empire. (Unit 8)Key BA. about 40 countriesB. about 50 countriesC. about 60 countriesD. about 70 countriesUnit 9 The British Media19. Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper? (Unit 9)Key CA. The Times.B. The Guardian.C. The Observer.D. The Financial Times.20. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? (Unit 9) Key DA. The Telegraph.B. The News of the World.C. The Guardian.D. The Times21. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because ______.(Unit 9) Key AA. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the governmentB. it informs people to current affairs in the worldC. it provides people with subjective reportsD. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament22. How many newspapers are there in Britain? (Unit 9) Key DA. About 100.B. About 140.C. About 150.D. About 150.23. Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true? (Unit 9) Key CA. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programmes.B. The BBC is funded by licence fee paid by people who possess television sets.C. The BBC has four channels.D. The BBC provides the World Service throughout the world.24. Which of the following newspapers is a tabloid? (Unit 9) Key AA. The News of the World.B. East Enders.C. The Telegraph.D. The Guardian.Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festival in Britain25. Which of the following was NOT invented in Britain? (Unit 10) Key CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.26. Where is the International tennis championships held? (Unit 10) Key BA. Wembley.B. Wimbledon.C. London.D. Edinburgh.27. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? (Unit 10) Key DA. Cricket.B. Skiing.C. GolfingD. Horse racing.28. Easter commemorates ______. (Unit 10) Key CA. the birth of Jesus ChristB. the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristC. the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus ChristD. the coming of spring29. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday? (Unit 10) Key CA. Bonfires.B. The Orange March.C. Trooping the Colour.D. Masquerades.30. On which day is Halloween celebrated? (Unit 10) Key AA. October 31st.B. November 5th.C. March 17th.D. December 25th.III. E xplain the following terms:Unit 6 British Literature61. The Renaissance (Unit 6)The Renaissance is the period of time in Europe between 14th and 17th centuries, when art, literature, philosophy, and scientific ideas became very important and a lot of new art etc. was produced.62. Romanticism (Unit 6)Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason. A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence”. Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the Romantic Movement to its height. The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel.63. Modernism (Unit 6)Modernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before World War II. It is characterised by a high degree of experimentation. It can be seen s a reaction against the 19th century forms of Realism. Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, Modernism writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action. One of the most famous English Modernist writers is Virginia Woolf.Unit 7 British Education System64. Independent schools (Unit 7)Independent schools are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of national education system, but quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools. These schools are restricted to the students whose parents arecomparatively rich.65. The Open University (Unit 7)The Open University was founded in Br itain in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons. It’s open to everybody and does not demand the same educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, videos and a net work of study centres. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.Unit 8 British Foreign Relations66. The foundation of British foreign policy (Unit 8)The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geographical traits. As Britain lost its empire recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs. Another decisive influence upon the way Britain handles its external affairs is geopolitical attitude to Europe.67. Britain and the EU (Unit 8)Britain joined the European Community in 1973 which is now called the EU. Britain’s pa rticipation in the EU remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear about what the EU is and what it will become. The UK has always been interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area. Britain likes to regard the EU as a place where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible. But Britain has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to the EU.68. Britain and the United States (Unit 8)The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the United States. During World War II, the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the postwar years, because they had many things in common about the past and the world situation. Even today, Britain and American policy-makers share the general ideas in many respects. The British are beginning to realize that their own foreig n policy action can be limited by the U.S., but both sides worked hard to maintain the “special relationship”.69. The Commonwealth (Unit 8)The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British colonies. There are about 50 members of the Commonwealth: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed countries like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.Unit 9 The British Media70. Quality papers (Unit 9)The quality papers belong to one of the categories of the national dailies. They carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance. They also carry reviews, such as book reviews, and feature articles about high culture. These papers are also referred to as “the broadsheets” because they are printed on large size paper. The readers of such newspapers are generally a well-educated middle class audience.71. Tabloids (Unit 9)A tabloid is a small format newspaper with colour photos and catchy headlines. Tabloids are interested in scandals and gossip usually about famous people. They also carry lots of crime, sports and sensational human interest stories so as to attract readers. Stories are short, easy to read and often rely more on opinions than fact. They belong to a catalogue of national papers different from quality papers.Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festival in Britain72. Cricket and “fair play” (Unit 10)Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organised rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally. The reason that fixed rules were applied to cricket so early on was a financial one: aristocrats loved betting on cricket matches and if people were going to risk money on a game, they wanted to ensure that the game would be played fairly. In Britain people from all walks of life play cricket, but in the 19th century, cricket was a sport played mai nly by the upper class. It was a kind of a “snob” game played by boys who attended public schools. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular, the idea of “fair play” which supposedly characterised British government.73. Wimbledon (Unit 10)Wimbledon is the name of a London suburb. In Wimbledon, the world’s best players gather to compete on grass courts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world. Besides actually watching the tennis matches, other activities closely associated with the “Wimbledon fortnight” are eating strawberries and cream,drinking champagne and hoping that it doesn’t rain.。
剑桥大学
• Cambridge also has a strong reputation in the fields of politics and governance, having educated:
剑桥大学的许多地方保留着中世纪以来 的风貌，到处可见几百年来不断按原样精 心维修的古城建筑，许多校舍的门廊、墙 壁上仍然装饰着古朴庄严的塑像和印章， 高大的染色玻璃窗像一幅幅瑰丽的画面。
Backs--剑桥著名景点，最美的时候在秋天，满墙都爬满 了红色的常春藤（Ivy)，但是春天也别具风情
• 剑河(“也叫康河”)穿城而过，连接起大部 分历史悠久的古老学院，从南到北，依此 是Queens', King's, Clare, Trinity Hall, Trinity, St John's, Magdalene，远处则是 著名的剑桥大学图书馆"Cambridge University Library"。
• 剑桥大学成立于1209 年，是世界十大学府 之一。剑桥大学位于 风景秀丽的剑桥镇， 被称作是“城市中有 大学”。这里虽然充 溢着浓厚的学术气息， 但依然是一座商业繁 华、生活节奏明快和 现代化的城市，同时 又不失典型的英格兰 田园风光。
The University of Cambridge
• The famous River Cam flows through it, and it's also wandering the shore of the River Cam. In which the century-old institution has a long history and classical architectures are all everywhere. Tall beautiful campuses, solemn churches and the red-brick houses with crawling ivy are standing in the green trees and flowers all over the town. These are with luxuriant vegetation, antique flavor. How intoxicating they are!
unit 7 british education
Education in UKI. Brief history of edu.1. Church school: Daily prayer and hymns before 1870: 40% of children under 10 went to school, wealthy family; in 1870 government funded edu.1880: 5-10 compulsory edu.1918 school leaving age 141944 Education Act:(Education Act 1944: changed the education system for secondary schools in England and Wales.This Act, commonly named after the Conservative politician R.A. Butler, introduced the Tripartite System of secondary education and made secondary education free for all pupils.The tripartite system consisted of three different types of secondary school: grammar schools, secondary technical schools and secondary modern schools.To assess which pupils should attend which school, they took an exam known as the 11plus. The system was intended to allocate pupils to the schools best suited to their "abilities and aptitudes". One of the ground-breaking results of the Act was to educate women and the working class, and as a result, a far higher percentage attended higher education after secondary school. The Act renamed the Board of Education as the Ministry of Education, giving it greater powers and a bigger budget, and enforced the division between primary (5-11 years old) and secondary (11-15 years old) that many local authorities had already introduced. It also proposed raising the school-leaving age to 16.)1960s Comprehensive School introduced; entrance examination abolishedQ: What is the Comprehensive school ?In the 1960s, Comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country and are the most popular secondary schools in Britaintoday. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking.Q: What is the Grammar school? Grammar schools select children at the age of 11, through an exam called ―the 11-plus‖. Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.What is the Public school?In the private sector there are independent schools which are common, but confusingly, called public schools. (They are called public schools because they were originally seen as―public‖ alternatives to having private tutors in aristocratic households.) They receive their funding through the private sector and through tuition rates, with some government assistance. They are not part of the nation education system, but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools. Parents choose to pay fees in order to send their children have a better chance of getting into good universities and getting better jobs when they leave school.Q: What is the difference between Grammar Schools and Comprehensive schools?Grammar schools are selective, they offer academically oriented general education. Entrance is based on a test of ability, usually at 11, called the Eleven Plus (11+).Comprehensive schools, on the other hand, are non-selective, they do not select pupils on grounds of ability.1989 National curriculum: English, mathematic, science, religious edu. History, geography, technology, music, art, PE, modern foreign languageII. The present Education System1. Primary and secondary education in the UK is compulsory. Children between 5 --16 years old are obliged to attend school.2. Children between 5 ---11 go to primary school (state schools; co-educational or mixed schools).3. Children between 11 ---19 go to secondary schools (90% of them are enrolled to comprehensive schools without reference to their academic abilities).TYPE OF SCHOOL AVERAGE FEES PER TERMNursery (0-5) £1,607 Junior/prep (5-11)Day pupils at day schools£2,640 Day pupils at boarding schools£3,231 Boarders £4,343Senior (11-16)Day pupils at day£2,963 schoolsDay pupils at£4,038 boarding schoolsBoarders £6,678Sixth Form (16-18)Day pupils at day£3,002 schoolsDay pupils at£4,443 boarding schoolsBoarders £7,177The private schools = independent schools = public schools ( because they were originally seen as public alternative to having private tutors in aristocratic households)---- funded by private sectors, through tuition rates and some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of the national education system. The quality of instruction and standard are obtained through visits from Her Majesty’sInspector of Schools.IV. Examinations after the secondary educationa. GCSE Examinations (General Certificate of Secondary Education) ----after 5 years of secondary education , English , Northern Irish and Welsh students sit the exams which is to assess their progress in their final 2 years of compulsory education. Then, they will decide what avenue of education they would like to follow based on the results of the examinations.They have a number of choices ----- quit school to find a job.GCE: A-Level=AS(advanced subsidiary+A2)◆ prepare for university entrance examination2 –year-further study after the GCSE ( in the 6th form) then sit for the GCE- Advanced) examination.Edexcel: Educational+excellenceAQA: assessment and qualification allianceCIE: Cambridge International Examination OCR:Oxford and Cambridge and RSA(royal society of art)WJE: Welsh joint education committee CCEA:council for the curriculum, examination and assessment.b. GNVQ----( General National Vocational Qualifications ) To sit the GNVQ for vocational training or preparation for work. 注：GCSE exams（General Certificate of Secondary Education）V. Higher Education◆ British higher education has a long history in the UK--- Oxford and Cambridge date back to the 12th and 13th century; Scottish universities of St. Andrew, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen date back to the 14th and 15th century; the rest were built in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1960s a large number of universities were built. In 1992, thenumber grew when polytechnics and other higher education establishments were given the right to become universities.Q: How many institutions of higher learning in UK?NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS (AS AT AUGUST 2007)Q: What is the Open University?Open University-- and open education------ inEngland it takes3 years’ full time study to get the first degree for an open university learner; 4 years in Scotland. It was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who may not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons. It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, videos and a network of study centers. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.Types of degreeUndergraduateBSc (Bachelor of Science)BA (Bachelor of Arts)BEng (Bachelor of Engineering) PostgraduateMSc (Master of Science)MA (Master of Arts)MEd (Master of Education)LLM (Master of Law)MBA (Master of Business Administration) PhDIf you would like to continue to study for a PhD, you will have to conduct a minimum of two years' research after the award of your MSc. In some subject areas, a student may transfer from BSc/BA/BEng to PhD so that they follow a three year research programme for PhD without first obtaining a Masters degree.What is GPA? How to Calculate GPA?Your grade point average (GPA) is calculated by dividing the total amount of grade points earned by the total amount of credit hours attempted. Your grade point average may range from 0.0 to a 4.0.For example:A=4 grade pointsB=3 grade pointsC=2 grade pointsD=1 grade pointWF/F=0 grade pointsP/NP (Pass/No Pass) courses are not factored in the student's GPAI (Incompletes) and W (Withdrawals) do not receive grade points and do not have an effect on the GPATo get the example student's GPA, the total grade points are divided by the total credit hours attempted.So the GPA is 2.10.。
Chapter 7 Education in Britain 英国教育
III. Higher Education
5.Degree titles are based on courses and dredits. 6. competition for universities is strong. 7.Teaching mainly adopts the lecture system, supported by tutorials and seminars 8.independent institutions enjoying academic freedom. However dependent upon finance given by government to University Funding Councils 9. tuition fees of 1,075 pounds
Oxbridge
Cambridge university has been prominent in mathematics and sciences. Oxford has produced numerous political leaders and cabinet mimisters.
The Open University
The State School
Scotland
Its state school system is comprehensive and non-selective
Northern Ireland
Its state schools are mostly divided on religious grounds into Catholic and Protestant and are often single-sex
Unit_7_British_Education_System
Focal points
The Purpose of British Education Education and Social Class History of British Education 1) Changes of British Education System The Present Education System 1) State school vs. private school 2) Education of different levels Higher education
Education and social class:
1) Wealthy people go to famous public schools like Eton and Winchester, and to best universities like Oxford and Cambridge.
League tables
A comparative tables which rank schools according to public examination, truancy rates, destination of school leavers, and so on.
public schools
It provides general education.
The students can study anything.
Grammar school
Select students through an exam call “the 11plus” Prepared for university Emphasize advanced academic work
Unit_7_British_Education_System
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学校等级表：用来反映各类学校的考试成 绩、逃学比例、毕业去向等情况的表格
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2014英国大学综合排名
1 剑桥大学 Cambridge 2 牛津大学 Oxford 3 伦敦政治经济学院 London School of Economics 4 帝国理工学院 Imperial College London 5 杜伦大学 Durham 6 圣安德鲁斯大学 St Andrews 7 伦敦大学学院 University College London 8 华威大学 Warwick 9 巴斯大学 Bath 10 埃克赛特大学 Exeter 11 兰卡斯特大学 Lancaster 12 约克大学 York 17 伯明翰大学 Birmingham 18 爱丁堡大学 Edinburgh 19 伦敦大学国王学院 King's College London
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3. Education and Social Class
6
1. Social Class identified by Education
Various Markers
the accent, the clothes the schools you attend. The school tie
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2. to pass national tests All children must also pass national tests and schools are ranked according to the success of their in reaching national targets.
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6. Comprehensive schools综合 性学校 in 1960s
英概Unit7BritishEducationSystem
Unit 7 British Education SystemI. IntroductionThe purpose of the British education system▪The purpose of the British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society but also to socialize children.The relationship between education and social class▪Britain is a society in which social class is still very important. Class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy. In Britain, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school tie is a clear marker of social class. Even on informal occasions you will sometimes see men wearing their school ties as belts to hold up their trousers-proudly displaying their attendance at a certain school.▪In Britain, where you are educated is still very important to your future. “The old boys network”refers to the elite groups of men who went to public schools like Eton and Winchester; and universities like Oxford and Cambridge. They dominate government, and are influential in banking, the media, the arts and education.The old boys network英国有一句名言：“你知道多少知识无关紧要，重要的是你认识谁。
Unit 7 British Education System
④ “The Great Education Debate”
a. In 1976, the Labor Party started “the Great Education Debate” about national standards and style of teaching. b. The Labor government ---the inadequate skill level of the labor force and a new initiative to prepare children for employment
Unit 7 British Education System
I. Introduction
1. the purpose of education
a. To teach “the three R’s” “The three R’s”—reading, writing and arithmetic to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills. b. to socialize children
③ Introduction of comprehensive schools
a. In the 1960s, comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country. b. The introduction of comprehensive schools ended the division between grammar schools and vocational schools.
b. the old system---disruption the new education system---equality (the government + the Church + newly powerful trade unions)
英国教育体系-英文
❖ Some more ambitious and hardworking students will take GCE O-level (一般水平普通 教育证书) exams. If they pass, they may transfer to a Sixth Form school (六年级学校) or tertiary college (三级学校) to learn A-level classes for 2 years.
State Primary School → Comprehensive School (84%), Grammar School (3%) or Secondary Modern School (7%) 2.Public Schools/ Independent Schools (独立学 校/公学):
Primary Phase
❖ Compulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland.
❖ Pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools).
Public Schools
❖ In the UK private schools are confusingly called public schools!
unit 7 education
In 1870 the government passed a law called government-founded education By 1880, attendance at school for children between 5 and 10 was compulsory. In 1944,Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic” In the 1960s comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country.So were vocational schools for less successful pupils.
The Present Education system
Compulsory Free Choices
State Schools―founded by local and central government Private schools (independent schools) ―founded by private sector,with some government assistance.
In Britain, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school (or college) tie is a clear marker of social class.
Britisheducationsystem英国教育体系PPT课件
2
The Purposes of the
British Education System
“The three R’s” —reading, writing and arithmetic”
to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society .
British Education System ——presenter
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Main Points
➢The purposes of the British education system and the comment on them
➢The main purposes of the Chinese education system
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My Comment on These Purposes
• To develop students’ creativity and imagination
• To have better communication skills to getting along with different people
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The Main Purposes of the Chinese Education System
To pass the exams
To let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills to make life
Britisheducationsystem英国教育体系优质PPT课件
Similarities
Both countries have vocational schools providing study and training for those who want to follow a certain career instead of seeking university education. And China’s TV and Radio University more or less share the same features as the Open University in Britai来自.similarities
General Education System —— The general education systems in two countries are quite similar. They both have primary schooling, secondary and university education. Pupils in the UK who hope to attend university have to sit A-levels exams called the General Certificate of Education-Advanced. To a great degree, this is almost the same as the College Entrance Examination in china.
The Main Purposes of the Chinese Education System
To pass the exams
To let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills to make life
British Education System(英国教育系统)
English church
The National Curriculum
• While the new government thought that job training was very important, it felt schools were not paying enough attention in teaching pupils the traditional “three Rs. ”Therefore, in 1989 the government introduced a National Curriculum. Now all children throughout the country must study the following subjects: English ,mathematics, science, religious education, history, geography, technology, music ,art ,physical education, and a modern foreign language. They must also pass national tests and schools are ranked according to the success of their pupils in reaching national targets. Now all teachers are told what to teach and their schools are now ranked according to how well they perform this task. Thus the National Curriculum has reintroduced competition between schools. Good schools attract good pupils and therefore attract more funding.More funding means they can hire better teachers, buy more books and equipment and therefore produce even better pupils.
英国教育制度英语介绍
英国教育制度英语介绍The British education system is renowned for its rich history and high-quality standards. It is a comprehensive system that caters to the diverse needs of students from all backgrounds and provides them with a wide range of educational opportunities. In this essay, we will explore the key aspects of the British education system, including its structure, curriculum, and the unique features that set it apart from other educational systems around the world.The structure of the British education system is divided into several stages, each with its own unique characteristics. The first stage is the primary education, which typically begins at the age of 4 or 5 and continues until the age of 11. During this stage, students are introduced to a broad range of subjects, including English, mathematics, science, history, geography, art, and music. The primary education system in the UK is designed to provide a solid foundation for the students, preparing them for the next stage of their educational journey.Following primary education, students move on to secondaryeducation, which spans from the ages of 11 to 16. This stage of the education system is further divided into two key components: Key Stage 3 (ages 11-14) and Key Stage 4 (ages 14-16). During Key Stage 3, students continue to study a wide range of subjects, building upon the knowledge they acquired in primary school. They are also encouraged to explore their interests and develop their critical thinking skills. In Key Stage 4, students typically focus on a more specialized curriculum, where they have the opportunity to choose specific subjects that align with their interests and future aspirations. This stage culminates in the completion of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations, which are nationally recognized qualifications that serve as a gateway to further education or employment.After completing secondary education, students have the option to pursue post-16 education, which includes A-Levels, vocational courses, or apprenticeships. A-Levels are the traditional academic pathway, where students typically study three or four subjects in depth over a two-year period. These qualifications are highly regarded by universities and are often a requirement for admission to higher education. Vocational courses, on the other hand, provide students with practical, industry-specific skills and training, preparing them for direct entry into the workforce. Apprenticeships combine on-the-job training with formal education, allowing students to earn while they learn and gain valuable work experience.One of the unique aspects of the British education system is the presence of independent schools, also known as private schools. These schools operate outside the state-funded education system and offer a more specialized and tailored educational experience. Independent schools often have a reputation for academic excellence, smaller class sizes, and a focus on extracurricular activities and personal development. While attendance at these schools typically requires tuition fees, they are highly sought after by families who value the additional resources and opportunities they provide.Another distinctive feature of the British education system is the presence of the Oxbridge system, which refers to the two oldest and most prestigious universities in the UK: the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. These institutions are renowned for their academic rigor, research excellence, and the production of some of the world's most influential thinkers and leaders. Admission to Oxbridge is highly competitive, and students who are accepted into these universities often benefit from a unique educational experience, including small group tutorials, access to world-class facilities, and the opportunity to engage with leading scholars in their respective fields.The British education system also places a strong emphasis on the development of well-rounded individuals. In addition to the coreacademic curriculum, students are encouraged to participate in a wide range of extracurricular activities, such as sports, music, drama, and community service. These activities not only provide students with opportunities to explore their interests and talents but also help them develop essential life skills, such as teamwork, communication, and leadership.Furthermore, the British education system is committed to promoting diversity and inclusivity. Schools in the UK strive to create an environment that celebrates the unique backgrounds and perspectives of their students, fostering a sense of belonging and respect for individual differences. This commitment to diversity is reflected in the curriculum, which often includes the study of different cultures, religions, and historical perspectives, helping students develop a deeper understanding and appreciation of the world around them.In recent years, the British education system has also been at the forefront of technological advancements in education. Many schools have embraced the use of digital technologies, such as interactive whiteboards, laptops, and educational software, to enhance the learning experience and prepare students for the demands of the 21st-century workforce. Additionally, the UK has invested heavily in the development of online and distance learning opportunities, allowing students to access high-quality educational resources fromanywhere in the world.Despite its many strengths, the British education system is not without its challenges. One of the key issues facing the system is the ongoing debate around the role of standardized testing and its impact on the overall educational experience. While standardized tests are used to measure student progress and assess the effectiveness of schools, there are concerns that an excessive focus on test scores can lead to a narrowing of the curriculum and a reduction in the emphasis on broader learning outcomes.Another challenge is the issue of educational inequality, where students from disadvantaged backgrounds may face barriers to accessing high-quality education. The UK government has implemented various initiatives to address this issue, such as the Pupil Premium, which provides additional funding to schools to support the education of students from low-income families. However, more work is still needed to ensure that all students, regardless of their background, have access to the resources and support they need to succeed.In conclusion, the British education system is a comprehensive and multifaceted system that has a long and distinguished history. It is characterized by its diverse educational pathways, commitment to developing well-rounded individuals, and embrace of technologicaladvancements. While the system faces some challenges, it continues to evolve and adapt to meet the changing needs of students and the demands of the modern world. The British education system remains a highly respected and sought-after model, attracting students from around the globe who are seeking a world-class educational experience.。
unit 7
This change was brought by the industrial revolution. The government decided to become increasingly involved in taking responsibility for the education of children;
• The “right” universities
• The old boy‟s network
University;
An elite group of men who went to famous schools and universities together. Not only do they dominant government, but they are also very influential in banking, the media, the arts and education.
•
这是1990年英国女王伊丽莎白二世访问伊顿公学时的照片，学生们穿着校服 站在矮墙上欢迎女王的到访。伊顿燕尾服最初是为19世纪的绅士而创设的， 但如今依然穿在那些手拿iPod的学生身上的，与当初的燕尾服几无差别。 “没有比这更好的方法来培养自我意识了，”麦康奈尔(JDR McConnell)在 1967年他的入学导言中写道。
最新British_education_system英国教育体系
The Comparison in the Education Between UK and China
Eton College
Similarities
❖Compulsory ——Both the UK and China have compulsory education. Children in the UK are legally obliged to attend school from the ages of 5 to 16. In China, we have the nine-year compulsory education.
My Comment on These
Purposes
• To develop students’ creativity and imagination
• To have better communication skills to getting along with different people
Differences
Teaching Philosophy
Teaching Method
Teaching Philosophy
Concepts of education value ——Teaching
concept is commonly used in Chinese family education and Chinese Education System. Guiding is the main concept of education wildly used in western countries. It emphasizes the rights and respects of children, which is base on a trust motion.
British education system
BRITISH EDUCATION SYSTEM Introduction1.Britain is a society in which social class is still very important: class inequality can be erased orcontinued according to the educational policy. (是否受到良好教育直接影响到你的社会地位) 2.The enduring feature of British education is the continual debate over how “equal” educationopportunity should be. (英国教育中的一个中长期特点就是在就学机会“平等”的问题上争论不休) The opportunity for working class and middle class people can be very different.3.“the old boys’ network” elite group of men who went to school and university together. (指毕业于私立贵族公学，后又毕业于牛津和剑桥大学的老同学) Not only do they dominant government, but they are very influential in banking, the arts, the media and education. In Britain, where you are educated is still very important to your future.History1.Historically, education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up bychurches. The influence of the Church on schooling is still very strong: until very recently, religious education is the only subject which the state insisted all schools teach their pupils.Daily prayer and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life.2.One of the changes to British society brought by the Industrial Revolution was the government’sdecision to become increasingly involved in taking responsibility for the education of children. 3.By 1880, attendance at school for children between 5 and 10 was compulsory rather thanvoluntary and by the end of the First World War, the school leaving age was raised to 14.4.The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic”. (1944年教育法的颁布是中学和大学都录取才智和能力出众的学生。
Unit-7-British-Education
c. Parallel classes are described with A, B and C, a class is called a form, never grade, and the top class should be called the Sixth.
d. Religion, English, Maths, History, Geography, Nature Studies, Hygiene, Art handicraft, Music and Physical Education are taught.
school? When at secondary school? Who can attend university? Do they need to
sit any exams?
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Types of Schools—Primary & Secondary
Generally speaking, there are two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain — the state school and public school. The former is in the majority; the latter is few in number but of great influence.
naughty children? Should all students speak in a standardised way? Can education influence a person’s social class
identification?
2
History
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Unit 7 British Education System (英国的教育体制)一、本单元重点内容1. The purpose of the British education system (英国教育体制的目的)2. The relationship between education and social class (教育与社会等级之间的关系)3. The influence of the church on schooling (教会对于学校教育的影响)4. The 1944 Education Act (1944年的教育法)5. Comprehensive school {<英>(招收学生时不分资质的)综合中学}6. Grammar school (文法学校)7. The National Curriculum (全国教学大纲)8. public school {(英国的) 私立中学}9. GCSE General Certificate of Secondary Education (中学毕业证书)10. GCE-A General Certificate of Education ---Advanced (高级水平测试结业证书)11. GNVQs General National Vocational Qualifications (国家专业资格证书)12. Old Universities (古老的大学)13. Open University (开放大学)二、本单元重、难点辅导1. the purpose of the British education system“The three R’s” (“reading, ’riting and ’rithmetic”) — to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society and also to socialise children, teaching them rules and values needed to become good citizens, to participate in the community, an to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.教授学生3R课程(即读、写、算)，为学生积极参与社会提供所需的基本知识和基本技能，同时使学生社会化，教授他们一些成为好公民所应具备的道理规范和价值观，以便能走上社会，为一个发达的工业化国家的经济繁荣作贡献。
2. the relationship between education and social class1) class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy（教育政策可以铲除地位的不平等，也可以使这种不平等继续存在。
这说明在英国，是否受到良好教育直接影响到你的社会地位）2) the school tie is a clear marker of social class校服的领带是社会阶级的一个明显标志3) the famous boys’ public school (私立中学)：Eton (伊顿公学，位于伦敦以西) and Winchester （温切斯特公学，位于英格兰南部）4) the “right” universities: Oxford(牛津) and Cambridge(剑桥) (nicknamed: Oxbridge)3. the influence of the church on schoolingHistorically, education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up by churches. The influence of the Church on schooling is still strong: religious education was the only subject which the state insisted all schools teach their pupils. Daily prayers and singinghymns is still a regular part of school life. Changes: Christianity is no longer the only religion officially recognized. Some state- funded schools have Islamic religion as their creed.*In 1989, the government introduced a National Curriculum(全国教学大纲). It has reintroduced competition between schools.4. The 1944 Education ActThe 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic”. Children would be admitted to schools not because they were of certain social class or because their parents possessed a certain amount of money, but because of the abilities they displayed. All children were given the right to a free secondary education and the main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good education.1944年教育法的颁布使中学和大学都录取才智和能力出众的学生。
二次世界大战期间，英国进行了教育改革，1944年颁布了教育法。
新的教育法强调平等就学的机会，无论家庭出身如何，父母财富多少，只要有真才实学就可以上中学和大学。
所有的孩子都可以免费接受中学教育，主要是为了让更多的孩子有机会接受良好的教育。
5. the present education system*state schools & private/independent schools(in UK, called public schools公学，指私立中学) Independent schools: are commonly called public schools which receive their funding through the private .sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of national education system, but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools (学校检查员). These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.独立学校经常被称之为“公学”,通过私营部门、学费和一些政府援助筹集资金。
独立学校不是国民教育体系的一部分，但其教学质量和标准要靠视学员的巡视得以维持。
只有哪些有钱人家的孩子才上得起独立学校。
1). pre-primary schooling (up to age 5)nursery schools (托儿所)，day care(托儿所的日托), or play groups*from ages of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland ) to 16, education is compulsory2). primary schooling (5-11, 6 years) ---mainly state sector, co-educational / mixed primary schools3). secondary schooling (11-- around19, 7 years)①comprehensive schools (①90%; ②admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education, teaching students everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking)综合性中学是当今英国最普遍的中学。
这样的中学在招收学生时不考虑学生的学习能力，提供普通教育，向学生传授学术课程（如文学）到实用课程（如烹饪）等广泛的知识。
②grammar schools( a). select children at the age 11 through an examination called “the11-plus”, in which those who get the highest marks go to grammar schools; b). lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensives and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities; c). the grammar school/non-grammar schooldivision is still common in Northern Ireland, but throughout the rest of Great Britain grammar school are becoming increasingly rare)文法学校是英国的一种中学。