定语从句在句中做定语

•定语从句在句中做定语，用于修饰句中的某一名词（或代词）。被定语从句修饰的词叫做“先行词”，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。

•定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句

• 1. All of you must be very proud.你们一定都为此而感到骄傲。

•be proud of 为……而骄傲

•be the pride of 是……的骄傲

• e.g. We are proud of Yang Liwei.

•Yang Liwei is the pride of us.

• 2. We have launched another four spaceships in the past few years.在过去几年我国又向太空发射了四艘宇宙飞船。

•another four = four more 意为“又有四个”之意。

• 3.It proves that China has made great progress in its space industry.这证明中国在航空业已经取得了巨大的进步。

•prove v.证明，证实+从句

• 1.He is our national hero who traveled

around the earth in Shenzhou V for 21

hours in 2003.

• 2.China is the third nation that sent a

person into space.

• 3.It’s a spaceship which was launched as

China’s first lunar probe.

He wants to know something about recent spaceship developments.

•development n. 发展

•with the development of …

随着……的发展

•develop v.发展

•developing adj.发展中的

•developed adj. 发达的

1.There is no doubt that computers are very useful in

technology and business.毫无疑问电脑在技术和贸易业都非常有用。

3.The whole world is connected.网络连接了全世界。

connect v. 连接

connection n. 关系，联系

1.connect A with B 使A与B连接

2.connect sth. (to sth.) 使电、气、水等接通

3.connect sb./sth. (with sb./sth.) 与……有联系，把……联系起来

•come into being

•more and more

•watch movies

•thanks to

•do business

•instead of

•chat online

•make the world smaller

•做买卖

•形成，产生

•越来越多

•看电影

•代替

•网上聊天

•使世界更小

•多亏，由于

For instance, if we work on computers too long, we may get headaches or sore eyes.比如：如果我们使用的电脑工作的时间太长，我们就会头昏眼花。

•for instance =for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例。

•such as 用来列举事物时，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。E.g.

（1）Many countries, Japan, for instance (for example),

has a lot of earthquakes.

（2）I like fruits, such as apples, pears and bananas.

1)besides与except用于肯定句时，except意为“除……之外（不

再有）”；besides意为“除……之外（还有）”。如：

I have another blue pen besides this one.

除了这支外，我还有另一支蓝色钢笔。（1+1，共2支）

We all passed the exam except Tom.

我们都通过了考试，汤姆除外。（整体中……汤姆一人不及格）

(2)except前几乎总有all、any、every、no及其复合词等词。如：

He answered all the questions except the last one.

除了最后一个问题没答外，其余问题他都答了。

(3)except后接名词、代词、动名词和动词原形，这时except=but；

但except后跟副词、介词短语时，不能用but代替。如：

The window is never open except in summer.

这扇窗户从来不开，除夏季外。

He did nothing except/ but clean the house.

他只是打扫了房子。

No one knows for certain, but most people think that robots will be part of our lives.没有人清楚，但是大部分人都认为机器人会成为我们生活的一部分。

•certain adj.

1.[只作表语]确凿的，无疑的，可靠的

2.[只作表语，后跟动词不定式或of, that]一定的，必然的，有把握的，确信的；一定会来到或发生的

3.[只作定语]某，某一(些)；相当的，一定程度的；一些，有点儿，某种

4.习惯用语

be certain of 确信，深信

be certain to 必然；一定

be not certain whether... 不能确定是否......

for certain 肯定地，确凿地

make certain (of, that) 把......弄清楚，把......弄确凿，保证

2.In a few years, perhaps robots will think on their own, just as people use their brains and act for themselves.多年以后，也许机器人会有自己的思想，就像人们使用自己的大脑和自己行动一样。

•on one’s own 独自，单独

3.One scientist warns that if robots start to think for themselves, they will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.曾有科学家警告，如果机器人开始自我思考，他们将不再愿意成为我们的仆人，而是想成为我们的主人。

•warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事

warn sb. about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事

warn sb. against (doing) sth.警告某人某事