高中英语倒装句讲解

Module 3 Literature

Period3 Grammar1 (3.26 2课时)

一．学习内容

1.学习倒装句，并能熟练运用。

二．学习方法

提前预习课本，预习新语法点知识点。

语法：倒装句

一、简介

1.定义：

英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。有时为了语法结构的需要或是为了强调，若把谓语动词放在主语之前，主谓倒装，则构成倒装句。

2、分类：

①完全倒装：如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫完全倒装。

Eg.There is a book on the table.

②部分倒装：如果只把助动词,情态动词或系动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。

eg. Only in this way can we learn English well.

二、讲解

1.完全倒装

通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，且主语是名词

①There be 句型：There be 句型中（be 还可以换成live，stand, lie, exist等表

示状态的动词）要用完全倒装。

eg. There stands a tall tree on the top of the hill.

②以here, there开头的句子里，谓语是come，go等不及物动词的

单个形式时。

eg. There goes the bell.

Here are the books.

等方向性副词开头的句子，需完全倒装。

③副词out, in, up, down, off, away, below, back以及now, then，thus开头的句

子里，谓语动词是come, go, be, run等不及物动词的单个形式时。

eg. Away hurried the boy.

Now comes your turn.

Up it flew.

The door opened and in came our headmaster.

④表地点的介词短语位于句首(如：in the room, on the wall等)，谓语是be, stand, sit, lie等单个动词时，需完全倒装

eg. In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.

Around the lake are some tall tree.

At the end of the valley lies a small lake.

Under the table sleeps a brown cat.

⑤形容词、过去分词或介词短语作表语置于句首时，表语+系动词+主语（如：such），需完全倒装。

eg. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.

Gone are the days when we enjoyed the happy time in the wood.

Seated on the ground are a group of young people.

注意：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。

2.部分倒装

①so 用于肯定句，通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适合于其他人（或物）。其结

构为：So + be ( do, have等其他助动词或情态动词) + 主语。译成汉语表示“也一样”，需倒装。

eg. Tom will go there next summer, and so will I.

He can speak French. So can I.

②nor, neither 用于否定句，通常指前面所说的否定情况也适合于其他人（或

物）。其结构为：Nor / Neither + be ( do, have 等其他助动词或情态动词) + 主语。

译成汉语表示“也不…”，需倒装。

eg. He didn’t see the film, neither did she.

I d on’t enjoy singing, nor did I like computer games.

She is not into music, nor am I.

③Only修饰状语（副词、介词短语）或状语从句，且放在句首时

eg. Only in this way can we learn English well.

Only when I got there did I know the truth.

Only in the morning can you meet him.

Only him did I see yesterday.

注意1.在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无情态动词，则须找助动词。

eg. Only after the war did he learn the sad news.

2. “only +状语从句”位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

eg.Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

3. only 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装

eg. Only he can answer the question.

③否定意义的词或短语，位于句首，需部分倒装。如否定词no, not, never, nor；半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few；合成的代词或副词nobody, nothing, nowhere；否定的短语at no time, (决不，任何时候都不) not until, by no means（决不），in no way（决不），in no time（立刻，马上），under/in no circumstances(在任何情况下都不)。

eg. No word did he say before he left.

Nowhere will you find better roses than theses.

Not until he went abroad did he know the truth.

By no means shall we give up.

Little did I know about it.

④在含有were, had, should的if虚拟条件句中，省略if，将were, had, should 移到句首，需部分倒装。

eg. Had I had any money with me ,I could have lent you some .

---- If I had any money with me ,I could lend you some .

Were Jack here, they would be able to solve the problem.

----If Jack were here, they would be able to solve the problem.

Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

---- If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

⑤not only (merely, alone, simply)…(but) also 连接两个并列分句，前一分句需倒装。译为：“不仅……而且……”

Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.

Not simply is this book interesting but also instructive.

注意：Not only you but also I（连接并列主语不倒装）will attend the meeting.

⑥neither…nor连接两个并列分句，前后两个分句都倒装。译为：“……不……，……也不……”

eg. Neither did they write nor did they telephone.

Neither is he wrong nor are you.

Neither could I help you, nor could he.

注意：Neither you nor I（连接并列主语不倒装）like this book. ⑦so…that…和such…that…引导状语从句，当so或such提到句首时，主句需用倒装语序。译为：“如此……以至于……”so后面句子要倒装，that后面句子不倒装

eg. So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it..

So good a girl is she that we all like her.

Such a good girl is she that we all like her

⑧Not until...“直到……才……”位于句首，也可写成not...until...,如果为此句型，until后面的从句不可倒装

eg. Not until he returned did we have supper.

⑨as / though 当“虽然，即使”讲，引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序。其结构为：

名词

形容词+ as + 主语+ 动词（或情态动词）

副词

动词原形

eg. Old as / though he is, he works like a young man.

Much as I admire her, I can’t forgive her faults.

Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed.

In the classroom as / though he st ays, he doesn’t read his texts.

注意：Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.

（表语是单数可数名词，倒装时省略名词前的a/an）

练习

1. For a moment nothing happened. Then all shouting together.

A. voices had come

B. came voices

C. voices would come

D. did voices come

2. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _________, but students became more interested in the lessons.

A. saved was teachers’ energy

B. was teachers’ energy saved

C. teachers’ energy was saved

D. was saved teachers’ energy

3. So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.

A. did the attack

B. the attack did

C. was the attack

D. the attack was

4. Little____about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

A. did Rose care

B. Rose did care

C. Rose does care

D. does Rose care