词汇学模拟试卷3及答案

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(三)
I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%)
1. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by
______.
A. use frequency
B. origin
C. pronunciation
D. notion ( )
2. There was ______ agreement between sound and form in Old English than in Modern English.
A. less
B. a bit less
C. more
D. a bit more ( )
3. The early inhabitants of the British Isles were ______.
A. Scandinavians
B. Romans
C. Germans
D. Celts ( )
4. Modern English is regarded as a/an _______ language.
A. analytic
B. inflected
C. synthetic
D. advanced ( )
5. The word “internationalist” does not contain a/an ______.
A. bound morpheme
B. stem
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free morpheme ( )
6. The prefix “dis-“ in “disloyal” is a ______ prefix.
A. reversative
B. negative
C. pejorative
D. locative ( )
7. The word “dorm” is formed by clipping the ______.
A. back of a phrase
B. front of a word
C. back of a word
D. front of a phrase ( )
8. The overwhelming majority of blends are ______.
A. nouns
B. adverbs
C. verbs
D. adjectives ( )
9. Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired ______.
A. motivation
B. reference
C. concepts
D. association ( )
10. The status of words either as superordinate or subordinate is ______ to other
words.
A. stable
B. fixed
C. consistent
D. relative ( )
11. The meaning of “lip” in “the lip of a wound” has experienced _____.
A. associated transfer
B. degradation
C. extension
D. elevation ( )
12. Linguistic context may cover the following except ______.
A. a paragraph
B. participants
C. a whole chapter
D. the entire book ( )
13. Ambiguity arises due to the following except ______.
A. homonymy
B. polysemy
C. synonymy
D. structure ( )
14. In the idiom “from cradle to grave”, ______ is used.
A. personification
B. metaphor
C. synecdoche
D. metonymy ( )
15. Theoretically, a/an ______ dictionary is a complete record of all the words in use.
A. desk
B. unabridged
C. pocket
D. specialized ( ) II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)
1. Norwegian, Icelandic._______________ and Swedish are generally known as Scandinavian languages.
2. English words may fall into content words and functional words by ____________.
3. Now people generally refer to ___________________ as Old English.
4. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, __________ change and borrowing.
5. Pronouns and __________ enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but are semantically monosemous and have limited productivity and collocability.
6. Old English was a highly _________________ language like modern German.
7. Blending is the formation of new words by combining ________________ of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
8. Semantic motivation explains the connection between the _______________ sense and figurative sense of the word.
9. Synonyms can be classified into two groups: __________________ synonyms and relative synonyms..
10. When we talk about context, we usually think of _________________ context, hardly aware of the non-linguistic context..
11. The more _______________ the idioms, the more fixed the structure.
12. Changes of word meaning are due to _____________ factors and extra-linguistic factors.
13. Synonyms may differ in the range and _________________ of meaning.
14. The meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______________ in which it occurs. This is called grammatical context.
15. So far as the language is concerned, Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is regarded as a __________________ dictionary.
III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)
1. Prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, numerals and articles all belong to functional words. ( )
2. With the development of the language, more and more differences arose between sound and form. ( )
3. The chief function of suffixes is to change the meanings of stems. ( )
4. There is no free morpheme in the word “prediction”. ( )
5. There are many words which have both the same conceptual meaning and the same stylistic meaning. ( )
6. The words such as BBC, VOA, NATO and UFO are initialisms. ( )
7. Grammatical meaning of a word becomes important only when it is used in actual context. ( ) 8. Such words as “miniskirt” and “reading-lamp” are regarded as morphologically motivated words. ( ) 9. Radiation describes a semantic process where each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains. ( ) 10. The ambiguity of the sentence “I saw her duck,” is thought to be caused by inadequate grammatical context. ( ) 11. Extra-linguistic context can exercise greater influence on the meanings of words than we realize. ( ) 12. In the idioms, such as “scream and shout”, “pick and choose” and “odds and ends”, alliteration is used. ( ) 13. Idioms are expressions which are easily understandable from the literal meanings of individual words. ( ) 14. LDCE is famous for its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usages. ( ) 15. Specialized dictionaries have the characteristics of both linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedia. ( ) IV. Answer the following questions. (20%)
1.What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to illustrate
your point of view.
2.What is conversion？What are the characteristics of conversion?
3.What is reference? What are the characteristics of reference?
4.What are the two major factors that cause changes in meaning? How are they
classified?
5.What is a dictionary? What is the relationship between a dictionary and
lexicology?
V. Analyze and comment on the following. (20%)
1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and then point out the types of morphemes.
lion-hearted contradiction workers
2. Read the sentence carefully. If you find anything inadequate, explain the reasons and then improve the sentence.
The fish is ready to eat.
《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(三)
参考答案
I. 选择题
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. D 11. A 12. B 13.C 14. D 15. B
II. 填空题
1. Danish
2. notion
3. Anglo-Saxon
4. semantic
5. numerals
6. inflected
7. parts
8. literary
9. absolute 10. linguistic 11. idiomatic 12. lexical
13. intensity 14. structure 15. monolingual
III. 是非题
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. F
7. T
8. T
9. F
10. F 11. T 12. T 13. F 14. T 15. F
IV. 问答题
1.
The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning. The same concept can be represented by different sounds in different languages. For example, ‘woman’ becomes ‘Frau’ in German and ‘femme’ in French. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ is used to mean ‘meat’, ‘meet’, and ‘mete’.
2. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. These words are new only in a grammatical sense. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives and verbs.
3. Reference refers to the relationship between language and the world. By means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the word (including persons) are being talked about. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. Reference is a kind of abstraction, but with the help of context, it can refer to something specific.
4. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are: linguistic factors and extra-linguistic factors. Linguistic factors include shortening, the influx of borrowings and analogy. Extra-linguistic factors include the historical reason, the class reason and the psychological reason.
5. A dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetic order the words of English, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning, usage, rules of grammar, and in some, their etymology. It is closely related to lexicology, which deals with the same problems: the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.
V. 论述题
1. Each of the three words is made up of three morphemes: lion-hearted (lion +
heart + ed), contradiction (contra + dict + ion), workers (work + er + s).
“Lion”, “heart” and “work” are all free morphemes as they can stand alone as words.
Of the nine morphemes, all the rest –ed, contra-, -dict-, -ion, -er and -s are bound morphemes as they con not stand alone as words. Of the six bound morphemes, -ed and –s are inflectional morphemes and contra-, -ion and –er are derivational morphemes, while –dict- is a bound root.
2.The sentence is ambiguous, which is caused by inadequate grammatical structure.
The sentence can be understood as “The fish is cooked or served, so it is ready for people to eat,” or “The fish is ready to eat things.”
The sentence can be improved as: “What a nice smell! The fish is ready to eat,”or “The fish swimming back and forth is ready to eat.”。