肺气肿的治疗中英文对照

Treatment of emphysema

肺气肿的治疗

Just recap what emphysema is.

先概括一下什么是肺气肿。

Emphysema is a type of lung disease that causes shortness of breath.

肺气肿是一种导致呼吸急促的肺病。

In a person with emphysema the alveoli are damaged.

肺气肿患者肺泡受损。

The alveoli walls, the elastic fibers are damaged and lost.

肺泡壁，弹性纤维受损及消失。

Here are normal alveoli. It is not damaged.

这是正常的肺泡。它没有被损坏。

It still contains the alveoli walls.

它仍然有肺泡壁。

Alveoli with emphysema on the other hand are damaged.

而肺气肿的肺泡是损坏的。

The walls are damaged.

肺泡壁被破坏。

The elastic fibers are lost.

弹性纤维消失。

And this makes breathing difficult and uncomfortable.

这使得患者呼吸困难和不适。

Now emphysema is usually not a disease by itself.

通常肺气肿本身并不是一种疾病。

Many people with emphysema also have chronic bronchitis.

许多肺气肿患者也有慢性支气管炎。

A combination of the two lung diseases is commonly called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD.

这两种肺部疾病的结合通常被称为慢性阻塞性肺病或COPD。

Lung damage from emphysema and COPD is irreversible.

肺气肿和COPD引起的肺损伤是不可逆的。

The quality of life for a person suffering diminishes as a disease progresses, which is quite sad.

患者的生活质量随着疾病的发展而降低，这是相当可悲的。

The most important step in preventing emphysema and COPD and slowing down its progression is to quit smoking.

预防肺气肿和慢性阻塞性肺病并减缓其进展的最重要步骤是戒烟。

Because smoking is the main cause of emphysema.

因为吸烟是肺气肿的主要原因。

And another important preventative measure is to also not inhale substances they may harm the lungs, for example air pollution or certain fumes.

另一个重要的预防措施是不要吸入可能危害肺部的物质，例如空气污染或烟雾。

There are of course pharmacological treatments available out there that aims in reducing the symptoms associated with emphysema as well as to prevent exacerbations.

当然，也有一些药物治疗，旨在减少与肺气肿相关的症状，并防止恶化。

One of the main drugs used are bronchodilators the beta 2 agonists.

使用的主要药物之一是支气管扩张剂β2激动剂。

These medications widen the Airways allowing the person to breathe better, easier.

这些药物扩张了呼吸道，使患者呼吸更加顺畅。

There may be also a lot of mucus being produced here.

这里可能还会产生很多粘液。

And so if we administer a beta 2 agonist inhaler, which is a bronchodilator, this will relax the airways, relax the bronchol smooth muscles, which will allow the person to breathe easier.

因此，如果我们使用一种β2激动剂吸入器，这是一种支气管扩张剂，这将放松气道，放松支气管平滑肌，使患者呼吸更轻松。

Bronchodilators will reduce symptoms and improve lung function.

支气管扩张剂可以减轻症状，改善肺功能。

Glucocorticoid inhalers can also be given to a person with emphysema and this is to treat the exacerbation periods.

在发病期，糖皮质激素吸入器也可用于肺气肿患者的治疗。

These are painful periods when the symptoms are more severe, more prominent.

当症状加重时，患者会经历痛苦的阶段。

And so administration of glucocorticoids which is an anti-inflammatory drug will decrease the pain caused by inflammation which is associated with emphysema.

因此，使用糖皮质激素这一消炎药将减少因肺气肿炎症引起的疼痛。

So for example here we have an inflamed lung and if the person takes glucocorticoids, the inflammation will subside.

例如，我们有一个发炎的肺，如果病人服用糖皮质激素，炎症就会消退。

The number of exacerbation episodes will be reduced .

病情发作的次数将减少。

Oxygen therapy is an important treatment for people with emphysema if they exhibit hypoxemia. 如果肺气肿患者出现低氧血症，氧疗是一种重要的治疗方法。

Hypoxemia is when you have low oxygen levels in the blood and so if an individual has hypoxemia they require oxygen therapy daily about 15 hours or more per day.

低氧血症是指血液中含氧量低，因此如果一个人有低氧血症，他们每天需要大约15小时或更长时间的氧疗。

Oxygen therapy can improve survival rates.

氧疗可以提高生存率。

Vaccines are advised to prevent respiratory infections.

建议接种疫苗以预防呼吸道感染。

Respiratory infections such as pneumonia can exacerbate the symptoms of emphysema.

肺炎等呼吸道感染会加重肺气肿的症状。

Also because emphysema is a result of a chaotic immune response in the lungs, it is necessary that people with emphysema get regular vaccinations.

另外，由于肺气肿是肺部混乱免疫反应的结果，肺气肿患者有必要定期接种疫苗。

If a person does contract an infection and is suffering from chronic bronchitis for example, antibiotics are used to clear up and manage the infection.

例如，如果一个人确实感染了慢性支气管炎，就会使用抗生素来清除和控制感染。