英语段落写作的技巧

英语段落写作的技巧

1.比较与对照的基本定义

比较(comparison)主要是指出两个或两个以上不同品种的共同点或相似点(similarities)，如人物、事物、地点、思想、观点等。对照(contrast)主要是指它们的不同点(difference)。在大学英语中，比较和对照法往往同时使用。写作时，首先应考虑要比较和对照的两个或两个以上的事物，然后列一个表，发现这些事物的最主要特征，相同的或类似的特征可以比较，不同的特征可以组成对照。例如：例1.Ｐunctuality is the main constituent of good character.Ａperson，who is always in time for his appointment，shows real considerationfor others.Ｏn the other hand，a person who is always lateshows his selfishness and thoughtlessness and he is not worthy tobe friend with.(本段对守时(in time)与不能守时(late)的两种不同的人进行了对照，用表示对照的连接词“Ｏn the otherhand”进行了很好的连接。)。

例2.Ｐaintings and photographs have something in common.Ｂut there are also some differences between them.(这段很好地展示出本文将用比较与对照的方法进行写作。)

Ｐaintings and photographs are visual art forms.Ｔhey both cancapture a specific moment for all time.Ａ painting reflects the skilland talent of a painter，likewise the quality of a

photograph canrepresent the skill and talent of a photographer.(本段对paintingsand photographs两个不同的品种进行了分析，用连接词(both)进行了很好的连接，用连接词(likewise)用同样的方式对它们的相同点(the skill and talent)进行了比较)。

Ｐhotographs are created by using film，a camera，and specialpaper.Ｉn contrast，paintings are created with paint，brushes，andcanvas.Ｐhotographs，like paintings，are often framed and displayedon walls in homes and galleries.Ｂoth can vary in size.Ｈowever，photographs are usually small enough to keep in albumswhere they document family events. ( 本段比较和对照法同时使用)。Ｉn conclusion，although paintings and photographs are similarin some ways，there are also some differences between them.(本段对本文的比较与对照进行了小结)。

2.比较与对照的两种基本写作方法

2.1整体比照法(one-side-at-a-time method)

整体比照法：既先描述甲，再描述乙(Ａ1，Ａ2，Ａ3， (1)

Ｂ2，Ｂ3，...)例如大学英语精选作文“Ｗhere to live———Ｉn the Ｃity or inthe Ｃountryside”第一段可描述几点城市生活(Ａ1，Ａ2，Ａ3，...)，第二段可描述几点农村生活(Ｂ1，Ｂ2，Ｂ3，...)，用整体比照法写作。

例3.Ｍany people appreciate the conveniences of the city.

(Ａ).Ｔhe city has better transportation service and health care.Ｃitydwellers can easily enjoy themselves in restaurants，departmentstorees and concert halls.Ｔhey are well-informed about what is goingon at home and abroad，and have the access to better education，better jobs and more opportunities for business. (Ａ1，Ａ2，Ａ3，...)Ｂut country life is also attractive. (Ｂ).Ｃountry people are inclose contact with nature.Ｔhey breathe fresh air and listen to thesong of the birds.Ｔhey make friends with crops and trees，cows andsheep.Ａnd they enjoy the peace and calm of the pastoral environment.(Ｂ1，Ｂ2，Ｂ3，...)

Ｈowever，both the city and the country have their own disadvantages.Ｔhe city，despite all its good points，may be a place toocrowded for people to live in.Ａnd urban citizens are often underpressure，worrying over such problems as pollution，crime and unemployment.(Ａ1，Ａ2，...).Ａs for rural inhabitants，they are freefrom becoming layoffs all right，yet they may find life far from thecity less convenient，and sometimes not as colorful or full of vigor.

(Ｂ1，Ｂ2，...)

2.2逐项比照法(point-by-point method)逐项比照法：既双方同时描述，逐点进行比较(Ａ1，Ｂ1;Ａ2，Ｂ2;Ａ3，Ｂ

3...)