实用文体翻译

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四、实用文体简介及其翻译(1)

2
长春工程学院教案用纸
教法提示
Enlightening 文体的实用性内容的现实性内容的实效性
使读者一目了然
条理清晰、层次分明、针对性明确注：实用性是判断文章质量高低的尺度和标准 b) 内容的真实性：指该类文章的内容必须是以事实为依据，不得虚内容的真实性：构和杜撰，文中所涉及的事实和数据材料等都要真实、准确，不得有任何的艺术加工，否则将承担因不真实带来的法律或者行为后果责任。注：应用文体的语言必须简练准确、直截了当，就事论事，不做任何的虚饰和自由发挥，避免使用晦涩难懂的词汇，务必没有歧义，使读者不产生疑问。应用文体的内容必须用准确的语言来表达。语言的准确表达，取决于思路的清晰，同时也取决于对字、词、句的精心选择和反复推敲。每个词每句话都必须有明确的含义。即用词要准确无误，造句要合乎语法和逻辑。还要善于辨析词义，区别词的感情色彩，根据特定的语言环境，选用最恰当的词语。避免用词含混，歧义迭出；或用语不慎，前后矛盾；或概念不清，留有漏洞；或判断不当，结论模糊，其结果必然带来理解上的困难 c) 体式的规范性：体式的规范性：指该类文体因目的的不同而需要选用不同的文种和适应不同的格式要求。应用文体的规范性主要表现在两个方面，一是文种的规范，二是格式的 discussion
长春工程学院教案用纸
教法提示
Chapter Four
General Introduction to Practical Writings and Their Translation
I. Teaching contents 1. Review and homework checking 2. General Introduction to practical writings 3. The basic rules and strategies of practical writing translation 4. Translation practice 5. Assignments 6． References for further reading 7. Feedback II. Teaching Aims To make the students aware of the characteristics , functions and application of practical writings ; the basic rules and strategies of practical writings translation III. Teaching Focus The characteristics of practical writings ; the basic rules and strategies of practical writings translation IV. Teaching Procedures: One: Step One: Review and homework checking 1. Linguistic characteristics of literary works 形象抒情含蓄幽默讽刺性象征性 2. Principles of literary translation 翻译不同文体要不同的侧重: 翻译小说语境的传译人物描绘的传译总体风格的传译

实用文体翻译

实用文体翻译期末整理根据老师PPT整理而成供学弟学妹们复习使用~~一、翻译标准1、以译出语或译入语为取向的翻译原则2、直译与意译重点难点：A，He had the agility of a man half his age.他像岁数比他小一半的人那样敏捷。

B，Every dog has its day.人人皆有得意之日。

C，Cast pearls before swine. 对牛弹琴D，They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼命逃跑，连吃奶的力气都用上了。

二、英汉差别1、真朋友&假朋友2、转换：译者将大脑中分析好的语言材料——具有原语深层结构形式的一串词语——转换为具有译语深层结构的一串词语。

3、重构：将已经转换为译语深层结构的一串词语，为着符合译语惯用的表层结构形式、更好地表达原文内容、更好地体现原文功能与风格的目标，重新排列、连接或删除。

4、英汉差异——句子扩展模式中：句首开放性和句尾封闭性英：句首封闭性，句尾开放性——形合和意合中：意合英：形合5、“核心句分析法”，即把英语复杂句分解为语义相对完整的只包含单个主谓框架(即只包含一个谓语动词)的多个句子——核心句，分析各个核心句间的语义逻辑关系，然后用合乎译语表达习惯的排列方式对各核心句进行重构。

按照汉语（一）先发生先说后发生后说，（二）先说事实，后说评价，（三）先说因后说果（以及先说条件后说推断、先说手段后说目的、先说反面后说正面等）的原则，并使用适当的省略、重复、代称等，把核心句翻译成汉语。

重点难点：A,阴（the soft, inactive, female principle or force in the world）B,a broken record of argument陈词滥调我们已按很低价格向你们报盘。

We have made you an offer at a very competitive price.C,相声=cross talk=comic dialogueD,鱼米之乡=land of fish and rice=land of milk and honeyE,eat one’s words承认错误The sea refuses no rivers. 贪得无厌blue wool高级羊毛extended family大家庭jelly built project豆腐渣工程drink like a fish牛饮F,We never meet without a parting. 有聚就有散G,We took off and flew over the city and slowly gained height.我们起飞了，飞过城市，慢慢飞高。

1.实用文体翻译概述

LOGO
二.关于实用文体
（2）传递信息，处理事务：传递信息，处理事务是实用文体的主要功能。例：穿上“双星”鞋，潇洒走世界 Double Star Takes You Afar
NOTICE Oct. 18, 2010 All staff is requested to meet in the conference room on Friday, October 20, at 2:00 p.m. to discuss measures for improving company supervising system. Please be on time. Manager Office
LOGO
二.关于实用文体
应用文体的简明性主要是通过如何途径来完成实现的？ ①术语和套语使用频繁术语往往是由一定的行业协会审定并在该行业内普遍使用的概念或者词语。国内外均以标准文件的形式公布审定的术语。
泡罩包装机 foam packing machine (ⅹ ) blister packing machine(√) 投标资格预审 investigation of bidding qualification (ⅹ ) prequalification(√) prequalifying (√) 方箱机 square box machine (ⅹ ) platen press(√) （企业中的）联营体 co-operating unit(ⅹ ) joint venture(√)
LOGO
三.关于翻译的标准
③表意准确、实用性强在合同中，准确性尤为重要，其主要体现在数量词的大量运用。时间，价格，数量，金额，规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终，数字的表达应言之确凿，避免摸棱两可。在其他应用文写作中也需斟字酌句。例：“请”字的翻译请告知我方交货日期。 Please let us know tour delivery date. 请将两份提单由不同的邮班寄来。 Kindly send us 2 bills of lading by separate posts.

9实用文体翻译

只有一流的教育，才能培养一流人才，建设一流国家 First-class education is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and building a great country
三．修辞特点
汉语繁多的华丽之词与英语直观明快的描写汉语过多修饰词的使用与英语避虚就实的特点
说明书、简介
一、企业名称的翻译 “x x集团公司”、“x x联合公司”、 “x x开发公司”、“xx有限公司 “药厂”、“面粉厂”、“丝绸厂”、 “酒厂” factory'’或“plant'’或“Mill“ “中国成都全兴酒厂” “The factory of Quanxing Wine, Chengdu, China 酒厂≠酒＋厂brewery;
建立“一站式”服务中心，为外国投资者提供审批业务“一条龙”服务。
Set up the “One-stop” Service Center to provide a coordinated process service for foreign investors in obtaining approval.
“因为”一 “by virtue of"√ “because of"× “在……之前” “prior to” √ “before"× “关于” “as regards", "with regard to" √ "about"× “其他事项” “miscellaneous” √ “other
19世纪英国散文家Thomas H. Huxley to plaster the fair face of truth with the cosmetics of rhetoric 我们没有必要用‘修辞的化妆品’去涂抹真理的洁白脸孔英语的修饰词的使用一般都慎重且不多。相比之下，言语滥用修饰词的问题就严重一些。

实用文体翻译概述

团队协作意识增强
通过小组讨论、合作完成翻译任务等方式，学生们增强了团队协作意识，学会了与他人合作、沟通和分享的精神。
对未来实用文体翻译发展趋势预测
机器翻译与人工翻译相结合
专业化和细分化趋势加强
翻译服务市场不断扩大
随着机器翻译技术的不断发展，未来实用文体翻译的趋势将是机器翻译与人工翻译相结合。机器翻译可以辅助人工翻译完成一些简单的、重复性的工作，而人工翻译则可以在机器翻译的基础上进行校对、润色等深加工，提高翻译的准确性和流畅性。
根据目标语言的表达习惯，对原文句子结构进行调整和转换，使译文更加符合目标语言的语法和表达习惯。
长句拆分
对于较长的句子，可以将其拆分成多个短句进行翻译，使译文更加清晰易懂。
语序调整
根据目标语言的语序习惯，对原文语序进行调整，使译文更加自然流畅。
文化因素处理策略
1 2 3
文化背景了解
深入了解源语言和目标语言的文化背景，包括历史、习俗、价值观等，以便更好地理解和传达原文的文化内涵。
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实用文体翻译挑战与对策
语言差异带来的挑战
词汇差异
不同语言之间的词汇并非一一对应，可能存在多义词、同义词、近义词等，导致翻译时难以准确选择对应词汇
。
句法结构差异
不同语言的句法结构可能存在较大差异，如语序、时态、语态等，翻译时需要调整句子结构以符合目标语言的
表达习惯。
修辞手法差异
不同语言在表达同一概念时可能采用不同的修辞手法，如比喻、拟人等，翻译时需要灵活处理以保持原文的生动性。
通过多个实用文体翻译案例的分析，课程帮助学生深入理解实用文体翻译的实践应用，提高学生的翻译能力和水平。

实用文体翻译整理

实用文体翻译整理扬州大学：顾维勇031413103张志伟英语翻译外国语学院1.术语对等意识---------------------------------------------------约定俗成的行话2.复数意识3.专业知识意识例如：举一些都看得懂，但是没有专业知识就翻译不出的行话Firm offer实盘non-firm offer虚盘Cap上限floor下限ceiling封顶Call【术】赎回；买权/进call or put买权或卖权（COP）Particular average单独海损general average共同海损Lot在外卖运输中是货票的意思商务英语中handle翻译为“作业”，即装卸货作业Less handling作业量小Corporation和company中，corporation是比较官方的，company有合伙人的意思。

但是，Ltd.co是目前责任有限公司的官方书写模式，约定俗成。

-------------------------------------《实用文体翻译》顾维勇P68-69广告体翻译特点：1.吸引力（抓住眼球）2.创新（陈词滥调谁要看你？）3.说服力（骗你来，要你买，挣你钱）4.影响力（装逼）手法：押韵、双关、对比、夸张、拟、喻、重复借用傲慢与偏见来装个逼：There’s no pride in prejudice(某英国报刊广告：想说本报刊公正客观)借用An apple a day keeps the doctor away装个逼：A Mars a day keeps you work, rest and play. (Mar s相当于咬一口之类的巧克力棒，憨豆来做过广告，一咬就精力十足的说~)旅游文本翻译的特点：1.词汇量大（天文地理，无所不涉及）2.知识面宽广（宗教、民俗、禁忌、神话等等）3.文化层次多元（旅游就是跨文化交际的一种形式，遇到此类文本翻译，必须查当地的文化背景）4.措辞讲究（优美的大词，装逼装到飞起来）5.语言明快幽默（不能像Chinadaily那样太官方，不过我国基本都是很官方的翻译···坑到没话说）6.引用古诗词（自己的话不够描述，往往引用古诗词来装逼，总是给翻译出难题）旅游文本翻译方法:（1）释义During the Dragon Boat Festival(which falls on the fifth day of fifth lunar month).（2）增补Qinshihuang,the first emperor in Chinese history who unified China in 221 B.C.（3）类比或转译西施Chinese Cleopatra(类比西方人能接受的克里奥帕特拉)鱼米之乡Land of milk and honey（出自《圣经》）（4）删减冗余（有些没必要的废话直接不翻）（5）创造性翻译（实际上很少能用，除非你绝对牛逼，在原文基础上加以斧正润色即可）特例：公式化翻译原料+地名+style湖南肉Pork Hunan style家常豆腐Fried Tofu,Home style.公示语翻译以动词+名词的形式较多：Keep clean No smoking No crossing词组或者让短语Out of order 因故停用缩略词VIP ICU P字母大写图文并茂Staff only/Only staff员工专用，闲人免进类型有如下几类：指示型Emergency Exit紧急出口管理型前方不通，请绕道行驶提示型Mind the gap限制型20 min parking only(这种比较少)强制型No smoking Heavy penalties apply广告型better city, better life.。

汉英翻译-实用文体翻译 (1)

history of the pre-Qin days , as well as those on Mohism,
Buddhism and Tao Yuanming, were motivated by his personal inclination, can the same be said of his younger days when he was a pupil chanting ancient Chinese books under a private tutor?
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
实用文体翻译
Practical Style (1)
CONTENTS
1. 实用文体的语言特征 2. 实用文体翻译对译员的要求 3. 实用文体翻译
实用文体的语言特征
从 “我爱你”的表达看汉语语言的多样性
我爱你（普通）
我好钟意你（广东）恩欢喜你（淮安）
偶安嫩（江西）
我难繁你（洛阳）挖挨捏（晋城）阿拉呆个欢喜侬（宁波）我毛喜欢你的来（杭州）俺挺希罕嫩滴（青岛 )
学问没有根底，趣味也很难滋生。任公先生的学问之所以那样的博大精深，涉笔成趣，左右逢源，不能不说一大部分得力于他的学问根底之打得坚固。
Generally speaking, the so-called interest begins to exist only when one is mature enough to engage in independent studies. It is improper, I am afraid, for young people to overstress the importance of interest

五、实用文体翻译(2)商务信函、通知

Chapter Five
Practical Writings (2)
Contents
I. Review and homework checking II. Business letters III. Notices and notes IV. Summary V. Assignment
I.IIR. Geevnieerwal aInntrdodhuoctmioenwtooprrkacctihcaelcwkirnitigngs
you to examine it and to see if there are any mistak顺es致therein. I h敬o意pe you will favor me with a reply at your earliest convenience.
I avail myself of this opportunity to express to you my best
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism , there is hope you may die young at 80.
IO. nReevdiaeyw, Maenndchiuosmceawmoerbkacchkebcekfionrge school let out. His
mother called him to the loom and let him watch her AwwWscfotcoFeevhhmrreaMoeonvap孟很mnooilnwelltM母长ohgthtihneet.eah把一egdr孟nl’fn.sact”他段w子iiomwkuan叫时ns逐oey,ir,,fa到间hde渐isstes,h织，ki成mseswet布孟dul长eusikcrudh机母eeh，diiesdfm旁突td一ioremmy，然anM次oscllyyte让用suh未nicbtedt他刀curi到runaitueog看子nt放sxuhdt,p自把sehe学blleaydce己布时ilcnawionl织割ento间ihlddtth布断h,就esbe“hrb。，eIm回sefecoyfe织孟ah家ononmar’u了子tse了d.eqmit，auiiinst d.

实用文体翻译

实用文体翻译1．商务信函August 13,2003Vemeer ManufacturingCompany P. O. Box 200/3804New Sharon Road Pella, Iowa50219 U. S. A.Gentlemen:From the samples sent us on June 5, we have made selections, and have the pleasure of handing you the following order which we commend to your immediate and best attention, viz:500 chests Lipton Black Tea,500 sacks of Brazilian Coffee, not ground.Kindly forward these by fast freight. Enclosed please find a draft as per memorandum bill you sent us.Yours trulyMcFARLAND &CO.President(Signature) Dear Sirs:We received, on Nov. 11, 2000, with thanks, your check No. 006869 for RMB 36,000, in payment of our commission. The amount has been placed to your credit.Manager诸位先生：已收到12月14日贵方来信，获悉我方发出的货箱内装的钢笔并非贵方所定的型号，甚为抱歉。

经查核，发现因号码弄混而造成了装箱错误。

我们已经换好货品立即发运给贵方。

请将那箱错装货品退还给我们，不胜感激。

所需一切费用由我方支付。

由于错误给贵方造成麻烦，我们深表歉意。

实用文体翻译

Mitsubishi
Group
We integrate,you communicate . 我们集大成，你超越自我。广告使用第二人称，营造亲切气氛，增加感染力。
理工复印机
We lead ,others copy 我们领先，他人仿效。从这句可以看出广告英语偏爱简单句，省略句，这则广告虽然只用了lead和copy两个简单的动词，但却巧妙指出产品的特点和功能。
实用文体翻译
摩托罗拉手机
Intelligence everywhere 智慧演绎，无处不在属于意译，巧妙的展示产品特征。
Microsoft World in hand ,soul in cyber 掌中乾坤，梦之灵魂。
电子产品翻译
Make yourself heard(ericsson) 理解就是沟通（索尼爱立信）
The end,thank you!
Toyota
Motor
Corporation
Poetry in motion ,dancing close to me 动态的诗，向我舞近
Iቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱM
No business too small ,no problem too big 没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。排比修辞手法运用于广告中可以从文字上增强语势从而加深印象。

实用文体翻译公示语

实用文体翻译公示语“开发区”“Development Zone”。

不可回收Non-recyclable售票机Ticket Machines注意行人Caution Pedestrians保持通畅KEEP CLEAR请小心台阶PLEASE MIND YOUR STEPS因故停用Out of Order短时停车Short stay停车场P厕所WC留学生公寓INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS HOUSE全自动门Automatic Door送客止步Passengers Only边道封闭Footpath Closed开封后请即食用，以免受潮Please have it soon after opening the bag in case it gets damp. 游客止步Staff Only员工专用公交车专用==>Buses Only，贵宾专用==>VIP Only/ Distinguished Guests Only；会员俱乐部==>Members Only；专用停车位==>Authorized Cars Only；警车专用停车位==>Police Cars Only；请绕行此路==>Arrow Only；超车道==> Overtaking Only贵宾候车室Reserved Waiting-room软席、硬席“Cushioned Seat”和“Ordinary Seat”年终大甩卖Year-end sale恕不讲价One price (fixed price)三潭印月Three Pool Mirroring the Moon世界自然与文化遗产World Natural and Cultural Heritage Site 天然动植物标本园Green Treasury and Natural Zoo地下通道Underground Passage禁止通行Dead End前方弯路慢行Bend Ahead. Slow Down!一慢二看三通过Slow down, Look around, and Cross限速：每小时30公里Speed Limit, 30 km/h国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resource司法厅Department of Justice中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Science三元桥Sanyuan Overpass锦江乐园Jinjiang Amusement Park静安新城Jing’an New City南京东路East Nangjing Road北三环North Third Ring玉佛寺Jade Buddha Temple一切权力归人民Power to the people拒绝毒品珍爱生命Say No to Drug and Protect Your Life同一个世界，同一个梦想One World One Dream货物出门，概不退换All sales are final.不设找零Please tender exact fare找零请当面点清Please check your change before leaving请保管好您随身携带的物品Please Take Care of Your Belongings此处发现鲨鱼Shark sighted门诊部Out-Patient Department邮票销售机Stamp Vending Machine提供外卖Take Away Service Available婴儿换巾处Baby Change失物招领处Lost and found男更衣室Men’s locker请勿践踏草坪Please Keep Off the Grass售完Sold Out油漆未干Wet Paint饮料仅供外卖Drinks Purchased Are for Taken Away Only(厕所）有人occupied请在此等候咨询、询问Please Wait Here for Enquiries正在清扫地板Floor Cleaning in Progress此处有炸药，注意安全We have explosives here. Pay attention to your safety. Danger: Explosive.小心地滑Caution! Slippery/Caution! Wet Floor小心烫伤Caution! Hot老，弱，病，残，孕专座位Courtesy seats一米以下儿童谢绝入内No Admittance for Children Under 1m.施工现场禁止入内Construction Site keep Out残疾人通道Handicapped Only凭票入场TICKET ONLY来客请到门房登记All Visitors Please Report to the Gate Warder严禁吸烟No Smoking儿童严禁入内No Minors Allowed桥上严禁超车No Overtaking On Bridge禁酒区Alcohol Free Zone警戒线勿超越Police Line Do Not Pass禁止通行Don’t Walk未经许可的车辆不得入内Authorized cars only.装修前大甩卖CLOSING DOWN FOR MODERNIZATION免税店Duty Free旅游纪念品Souvenirs您的安全我们的天责YOUR SAFETY IS OUR PRIORITY进门赢大奖COME IN AND WIN厂家特价直销DEAL DIRECT WITH MANUFACTURER AT SPECIAL PRICES 八折优惠20% Off当日可取Daily Service谢谢您到访北京车站Thank you for visiting Bejing Railway Station我们关注！欢迎批评！We care! We want your comments!共同努力，世界更精彩Working together, we can make a world of difference.盗贼当心Thieves Beware握紧扶手Hold the han rail紧急时用Emergence use only不使用信用卡No Credit Card Please送货上门Delivery to Your Door勿与司机谈话Don’t talk with the driver请将个人物品随身带走Not to Leave Things Behind国际出发international departure中国土特产Chinese Products加油站Gas Station物流中心Logistics CenterYard Sale 庭院旧货出售No crossing. 禁止横穿ICU重症监护室Stand behind red line until summoned by inspector. 红线后站立，等待检查员。

实用文体翻译

Antithesis反衬
A
contemporary classic. A timeless timepiece.当代的经典作，永久的计时器（手表广告）小身材，大味道。出自： Kisses巧克力 To me， the past is black and white， but the future is always color． .对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却一直是彩色的（轩尼诗酒）
PaLeabharlann ody仿拟My love’s like a Red Rose！红玫相机新奉献。这个广告词模仿英国诗人罗伯特· 彭斯一首著名的爱情诗句 “My love’s like a red，red rose”（我的爱像一朵红红的玫瑰）（仿拟parody） Hero Meets Hero.(某招聘广告)这是仿拟谚语 “Like Knows Like.(英雄识英雄)”，广告商换了谚语中的原词。此广告暗示伯乐欲求千里马之意，用大家比较熟悉的谚语、名句给人留下深刻印象。
Catchword repetition顶针
万家乐，乐万家。
出自：万家乐电器
Repetition重复

A new year, a new career. Going with the world giant in telecommunication. 新的一年，新的职业，同电信界的世界巨人一道成长。（招聘广告)
Whatever you’re eating, drink Maeus Rose. Always light, always fresh, always chilled, always right.(某酒广告)这则酒广告重复用了四个“always”，突出强调该酒质量，口碑一直都很好，宣传效果不凡。

实用文体翻译练习2

练习材料第一单元地理篇No Giant SkyscrapersChicago and New York are famous for their tall buildings. California cannot be. Its buildings have to be famous for their beauty or their historical importance1. California is earthquake country2.The San Andreas Fault3 is a cause of earthquakes. It is a long crack in the earth that stretches from Southern to Northern California. Rocks inside the earth move and the earth shakes. These earthquakes make the fault bigger4.The most famous earthquake in California happened in 1906. It destroyed most of the young city of San Francisco. People rebuilt the city. They looked at the buildings that did not fall in the earthquake5 and they learned more about building in California.Tall buildings can be dangerous6 in earthquakes. Today California has codes7 that say how a building must be built and how tall it can be.Los Angeles has several earthquakes each year. The tall buildings move8 a little and everyone takes a deep breath. Usually tourists and newcomers are the most frightened. People who grew up in California say, “We’re used to it!”Earthquakes do not stop the building industry in California, but they do make architects work a little harder9. The buildings they design have to look good and stand up in an earthquake. These buildings are good examples of modern California architecture. The Bonaventure Hotel is a few city blocks from the old Mission Church. The Century City Complex is near the ocean. It stands on the site of the old Twentieth Century Fox movie studios. These buildings show that people are not afraid to build in California.水桥在巴拿马，有一座世界闻名的“水桥”，那就是巴拿马运河。

实用文体翻译(英专)2. doc

第一章英汉句子翻译方法与技巧（复习）教学目的：通过实例，进一步了解英语和汉语在句法结构方面的差异，以及在翻译过程中语言转换的规则与技巧。

教学要求：复习英汉翻译的规则与技巧，熟练掌握句子成分转换的方法，主要包括非主语译成主语，非谓语译成谓语，定语译成谓语，主语译成宾语等；句子结构的转换，包括成分分译法和句子变换法以及长句的译法。

教学方式：罗列法、比较法、分析法，多媒体一．句子成分的转换英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不同，句子结构不同，翻译时往往还需要转换句子的成分，才能使译文通顺易懂，本节专门谈一些常见的句子成分转换。

1、非主语译成主语（1）介词的宾语译成主语。

1) There are four seasons in a year.一年有四季。

2) Now, heat is being added to the substance. 现在这种物质正在加热。

3) At least two quarts of water are required daily by a normal individual.一个正常的人每天至少需要两夸脱的水。

4) High-quality machines of various types are produced in our country.我国生产各种类型的优质机器。

（2）动词宾语译成主语5) An automobile must have a brake with high efficiency. 汽车的煞车必须高度有效。

6) Ice is not so dense as water and therefore it floats.冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。

7) Two widely used alloys of copper are brass and bronze.黄铜和青铜是两种广泛使用的铜合金。

2、非谓语译成谓语（1）定语译成谓语8) Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon.锰对钢的强度的影响和矽相同。

21-22 实用文体翻译

公示语翻译的多样性

小心玻璃 handle glass with care Glass fragile 小心台阶 mind the step/steep step/steep slippery step/slippery
疲劳驾驶，害人害己

Don’t Drive When You Are Tired For It Will Bring Harm To You And Others! Drowsy Driving Jeopardizes you And Others! Be Attentive In Your Driving! Drowsy Driving，Endangered Living! Drive Alert，Arrive Alive!
会议中心CONFERENCE CENTER BUSINESS CENTER商务中心餐饮服务F&B (Food and Beverage) VIP SUITE贵宾候机室海关THE CUSTOMS
汉语动词性公示语译为英语名词短语, 英语名词短语译为汉语动词性公示语

谢绝参观 INSPECTION DECLINED 禁止通行Street Closed 正在施工ROADWORK SILENCE保持安静 Shoes Off禁止穿鞋 SEAT BY NUMBER对号入坐
汉语动词性公示语还可以译为介词短语，形容词短语，反之亦然

现在营业OPEN NOW SOLD OUT货物售完禁止通车Closed to all vehicles ON SALE削价出售
More Exercises

英语实用文体及其翻译

英语实用文体格式及翻译信函信头-Heading（寄信人地址和日期）信内地址-Inside Address（收信人姓名和地址）称呼-Salutation（对收信人的称谓）正文-Body结束语-Complimentary Closing（写信人谦称）签名-Signature附件-Postscript又及-Enclosure/p.s（用于补漏）Dear Helen,It’s been a few months since I last heard from you. I wonder if you have received the letter and the parcel I sent you last month. The parcel contained several articles you might be interested in. Please let me know whether you have received it or not.Paul has found a new job in a computer company. We are thinking about moving into a bigger house sincethe present one seems a bit too crowded.Please remember us to all our old friends. Best wishes to all of you.With love,Linda 亲爱的海伦：有好几个月没有收到你的信了。

不知道你有没有收到我上个月寄给你的信和包裹。

包裹里有几样你也许会感兴趣的东西。

请让我知道你有没有收到它。

保罗在一家电脑公司找到了一份新工作。

我们正在考虑搬到一栋大一点的房子里去，因为目前住的房子好象太挤了一点。

替我们向所有的老朋友问好。

给你们所有人最好的祝福。

爱你的，琳达请假条Class 1, Grade 1May 14To Department OfficeSecretary GlennDear Madam,I beg to apply for three day’ leave of absence from the 15th to the 17th instant, both days inclusive, in order to return to my hometown to attend my grandpa’funeral, who passed away yesterday.To support my application, I herewith submit a telegram to that effect sending by my father.Should be very much obliged if you will grant me my application.Yours respectfully,Jack Smith 系办公室秘书格兰女士：因祖父昨日去世，特请假三日，自本月15日起至17日止，以便回老家参加葬礼。

实用文体翻译概述

making shape a large enterprise group.
• 行业性归化：
• 由于应用翻译体裁多样，各自文本有其特定的使用场合、文本形式和交际方式以及对特有对象所使用的特有体式。因此，在不同类文本的翻译中要特别注意各自文本的书面格式和“交际规约” （communication conventions）,使表达符合译文的文体规范，利于译文读者的理解和接受。
• 在原文功能与译文功能相冲突的情况下，应该用“归化”的手段对原文功能予以转换，突出表达译文在译语环境中所预期达到的功能和目的。
• 金鹰是观众的，金鹰的节目也是观众的。无论是港台明星云集、劲歌狂舞的明星演唱会，还是经典高雅、代表国际顶尖音乐水准的经
典音乐会，或是明星与观众互动、零距离贴身狂欢的明星面对面，
transaction between us.
• Yours faithfully,
可编辑
have your specific inquiry, and our quotation
will be forwarded without delay.
•
In the meantime, please send us the name of
your bank prior to the conclusion of the first
逻辑的
审美的
感染接受者对话的
侧重内容
侧重形式
侧重感染作用
表达内容简洁明了
表达形式
诱出所期望的反应
仿效、忠实原编译、等效作者
• 赖斯第一个将语言功能与翻译结合起来，将文本按不同功能进行了分类；
• 可以帮助译者为特定的翻译目的将对等标准明确为恰当的层次。