非谓语动词作状语

非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语
一、读下列例句，体会句子表达的意义
1. 动词不定式作状语: 动词不定式通常作状语表示原因.结果.目的.条件等。

To learn English well, he went to England.
In order to achieve the aim, we must learn from other countries.
常可与in order to (为了)或so as to (以便)连用。

总结：1）状语He ran to the station only to find the train had left.
His father died, leaving him a lot of debts.
总结：2）状语
动词不定式和ving形式作结果状语区别：
1) 动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only连用构成only to do sth
2) 动词ing形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的情况或结果。

We are excited to hear the news. 总结：3) 状语
To turn to the left, you could find a post office. 总结：4) 状语
2.动词ing形式作状语：可表示原因.结果.条件.让步.方式伴随等，可转化为相应的状语从句
Walking out of the room, he saw the boy still there. =
总结：1) 状语
Being ill, he did n’t go to school yesterday. =
总结：2) 状语
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.=
总结：3) 状语
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=
总结：4) 状语
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.=
总结：5) 状语
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.=
总结：6) 状语
3. 过去分词ed作状语: 过去分词做状语可表示被动和完成的动作。

表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等，相当于相应的状语从句。

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.=
总结：1) 状语
Surrounded by a group of young people, the old man felt happy.=
总结：2) 状语
Given more time, we could do it better.=
总结：3) 状语
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.=
总结：4) 状语
Supported by a girl, the old man got off the bus.
He turned away, disappointed.
He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.
总结：5) 状语
二、辨析总结
1．不定式作状语往往表示目的、结果、原因、条件和比较。

a.表示结果、原因时，不可置于句首。

e.g. He woke up to find everybody gone.
My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.
b.在某些表示喜，恕，哀，乐等的形容词后作原因状语：
e.g. I am very glad to see you.
I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.
不定式的时态与语态
1) 不定式的一般式to do表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生
He woke up to find everybody gone.
2) 不定式的完成式to have done表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
3) 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。

不定式的被动语态一般式to be done常表示将来动作。

The press conference is to be held tomorrow.
4) 不定式的被动语态完成式to have been done表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前
The room seems to have been tidied up already
2. 动词的-ing形式可以作状语,在句中往往时间、结果、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。

a. 不定式和-ing形式作结果状语时的区别
1. He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.
2. The storm left , having caused a lot of damage to the area.
b. 动词的-ing形式作条件状语时一般位于句首。

e.g Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.
=If you go straight down the road, you will find the department store
=Go straight down the road, and you will find the department store
V-ing的时态与语态
1) V-ing的一般式doing表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生
2.)V-ing的完成式having done表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前
3) 当V-ing的逻辑主语是V-ing所表示的动作的承受者时, V-ing 要用被动语态。

V-ing的被动语态一般式（being done）表示的动作
通常与与谓语动作同时发生。

V-ing的被动语态完成式（having been done）表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前
3. 动词的-ed形式作状语时,在句中往往
表示时间、结果、原因、条件、方式、让步等。

注意：“be+ 过去分词” 短语在句中出现时，改为非谓语动词作状语时，常用该动词的过去分词作状语
be caught in be lost in be dressed in be seated be hidden
be worn out be faced with be determined to do
4. 总结
1. 非谓语作状语(主动/被动)
解题关键：主语与所填动词的主被动关系
确定用V-ing/过去分词/ 不定式的主被动动式
2. 非谓语作状语(一般式/完成式)
解题关键：
a. 如果和谓语动词几乎同时发生或紧接着发生用一般式
b. 如果两个动作明显有先后/一个动作完成后另一动作才发生，用完
成式。

3. 要注意的问题
问题一祈使句+and/or+陈述句和To do…, +陈述句的区别
_____the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will
have a nice strong kite.
A. To tie
B. Tying
C. Tied
D. Tie
问题二句子还是分词：如果句中有连词（and/ but / or ..），要用句子.
____ but he still could not understand it.
A. Told many times
B. Having been told many times
C. He has been told many times
D. Though he had been told many times
问题三要特别注意非谓语的逻辑主语
Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
问题四注意介词+分词和连词+分词的用法
1. On hearing the news, she began to cry.
On returning to Beijing, she called on most of her friends. 非谓语动词的时态、语态
主动被动
一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式
不定式to do
to be
doing
to have
done
to
be done
to have
been done
v-ing doing /
having
done
being
done
having
been
done
过去分词done
三、巩固练习
非谓语动词作状语: 非谓语动词作状语大多相当于一个状语从句
A.作时间状语：
eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
= _______________, they cou ldn’t help crying.
②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look.
While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer.
③_______ (finish) his work, he went home.
=_____________, he went home.
B.作原因状语：
Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad.
=____________, he could not afford to travel abroad.
________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder.
_______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post.
________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away.
_____ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost.
_________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up.
=_____________
C.方式/伴随状语;
Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh).
②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of
students.
D.作条件状语：
Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better.
=______________ , I would have done the job far better.
②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time.
E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)
Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves.
②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay.
区别: 不定式表示意外的结果
eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left.
F.作让步状语：
Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon.
= _____________, it cleared up very soon.
②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, h e still risked his life to save the boy.
分词作状语时, 需注意事项:
A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ :
____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful.
___ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city.
巩固性练习
1. Though ____ of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
A. warning
B. to warn
C. warn
D. warned
2. ____ from this point of view，the question will be of great
importance.
A. Considering
B. Considered
C. Being considered
D. Consider
3. If ____ green，the door might look more beautiful.
A. paint
B. painted
C. painting
D. to paint
4. ____ with a difficult situation，Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face
B. Having faced
C. Faced
D. Facing
5. ，the old man is living a happy life.
A. Taking good care
B. Taken good care
C. Having taken good care
D. Taken good care of
6. He was sitting there，____ in deep thought.
A. lose
B. lost
C. loss
D. losing
7. When ____，the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
8.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.
A.To give
B.Having given
C.Given
D.Giving
9.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.
A.Arriving at;to find
/doc/db82c84583c4bb4cf7ecd1a7.ht ml ing to;discovering that
C.On arriving at;finding out
D.Hurrying to;to have found out
10.______ these pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in
Being and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks
more beautiful.
A.Seeing;seen
B.Seen;seeing
C.Seeing;seeing
D.Seen;seen
11.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the
meeting ______ then.
A.Holding;being held
B.Held;holding
C.Having held;held
D.Held;to be held
12.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.
A.Drawn
B.Drawing
C.To draw
D.Be drawing
13.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us
and said nothing.
A.been asked
B.asked
C.asking
D.to be asked
14.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with
Bill.
A.Not knowing
B.Knowing not
C.Not having known
D.Having not
know
15.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .
A.accepting fully
B.being fully accepted
C.fully accepting
D.fully being accepted。