非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语讲解(学生版)
非谓语动词不定式和分词作状语一、不定式作状语可以作:1.主要用作。
常与连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 。
He sat down to have a rest.He went to France to learn French。
2.状语。
表示的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.3.表示喜怒哀乐的形容词作表语其后的不定式作状语。
表示引起这种情绪变化的原因。
I’m sorry not to have come on Tuesday.I am very glad to see you.We are glad to hear the news.二、不定式做状语时应该注意:1.not/never too…to do, too…not to do, but/only too… to do, too ready to do, too eager to do表示肯定意义。
He is too careful not to have noticed that.I am only too glad to help you.I am only never too glad to know you. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, if ever, refusing them when they turn to him.2.不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为,否则用for引导主语。
We studied hard to pass the exam. 不定式做目的状语其逻辑主语是we。
Li Ming’s mother went to the lecture hall early for him to get a good seat.三、分词作状语可以作:1.Hearing the noise, I turned round.Having done my shopping, I returned home.2.Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.3.Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.Working hard, you will surely succeed.4.They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.The boy sat in front of the farm house cutting the branch.He came running back to tell me the news.5.A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand.A hurricane hit this area last night, blowing down a lot of trees.四、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
非谓语动词做状语方法
非谓语动词做状语方法非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的形式,但不具备时态等谓语动词的特征。
非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
在句子中,非谓语动词可以充当状语,对动作或状态进行修饰和补充,使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面将介绍几种常见的非谓语动词做状语的方法。
一、动词不定式做状语动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的形式,在句子中可以作为状语来修饰动作或状态。
常见的动词不定式做状语的用法有以下几种:1. 作目的状语动词不定式可以表示动作的目的或出发点,常用的短语有“in order to”、“so as to”、“to”等。
例如:- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.- He studied hard in order to pass the exam.2. 作结果状语动词不定式可以表示动作的结果或后果,常用的短语有“so as to”、“to”等。
例如:- She ran fast to catch the bus.- He worked hard to earn more money.动词不定式可以表示动作的方式,常用的短语有“to”、“in order to”等。
例如:- They danced together to celebrate the victory.- He spoke loudly to make himself heard.4. 作原因状语动词不定式可以表示动作的原因,常用的短语有“for”、“to”等。
例如:- She apologized to him for being late.- He thanked her for helping him.二、动名词做状语动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的名词形式,具有动词和名词的特点,可以作为状语来修饰动作或状态。
常见的动名词做状语的用法有以下几种:1. 作原因状语动名词可以表示动作的原因,常用的短语有“by”、“by means of”等。
非谓语动词做状语
非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词作为状语是指在句子中不能作谓语,但可以做状语的动词形式。
它可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等状语,可以提供句子里的信息,使句子充实而生动。
一、非谓语动词作时间状语1.由过去分词组成的状语过去分词表示过去发生的动作,常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中,作时间状语,突出主句动作应该在过去发生。
如:He left without saying goodbye, leaving me standing there alone.他没有说再见就走了,留下我独自站在那里。
2.由现在分词组成的状语现在分词表示正在进行的动作,常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中,作时间状语,突出主句动作应该正在进行。
如:She comes to visit us every week, bringing us some nice food.她每周都会来看望我们,并带来一些美食。
3.由having done 组成的状语having done 表示过去已经完成的动作,常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中,作时间状语,突出主句动作应该在过去完成的动作之后发生。
如:Having finished the exam, he went home and had a good rest.考试结束之后,他回家好好休息了。
二、非谓语动词作原因状语由because of,due to,owing to,thanks to等引导,接名词或动词不定式,作原因状语,表示主句动作的原因。
如:Because of the heavy rain, we had to cancel our picnic.由于下雨,我们不得不取消野餐了。
三、非谓语动词作条件状语由if,unless,in case,on condition that,provided (that),supposing (that)等引导,接动词不定式,作条件状语,表示“假设”的意思,表示主句动作的前提,即要想主句动作成立,必须满足什么条件。
非谓语动词用法精讲不定式作条件状语的用法和常见结构
非谓语动词用法精讲不定式作条件状语的用法和常见结构非谓语动词用法精讲:不定式作条件状语的用法和常见结构一、不定式作条件状语的用法在复合句中,不定式可以作为条件状语来表示一种假设、前提或条件。
它可以解释或说明主句中的行为或状态发生的条件。
不定式作条件状语时,常与含有情态动词should或情态动词原形must、can等的虚拟语气连用,表示主句中所述的行为或状态是一种假设或基于某种条件的结果。
以下是几种常见的结构:1. 条件状语放在主句之前例如:Should you need any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.如果您需要进一步的帮助,请随时与我们联系。
2. 条件状语放在主句之后例如:He cannot afford to go on vacation unless he saves more money.除非他存更多的钱,否则他负担不起去度假。
3. 倒装结构在条件状语中使用否定副词或词组时,为了强调,在主句中可以使用部分倒装结构。
例如:Only by studying hard can you pass the exam.只有努力学习,你才能通过考试。
4. if引导的条件状语从句如果条件状语是以if引导的状语从句,可以使用以下几种结构:a. 如果动词在句子中作谓语,动词后面直接接不定式例如:If you want to succeed, you must work hard.如果你想成功,你必须努力工作。
b. 如果主语是人称代词,可以省略if,并将动词原形置于主语之前例如:Should I see him, I will tell him the news.如果我见到他,我会告诉他这个消息。
二、常见结构1. 不定式作目的状语不定式可以表示一个行动或状态是为了实现某个目的。
例如:He went to the library to borrow some books.他去图书馆是为了借书。
高考英语非谓语动词语法讲解(推荐)
高考英语非谓语动词语法讲解(名师总结基础语法知识点,值得下载)【非谓语动词作状语】一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语.二.不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中.Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her.Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it.2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等.I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down.Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.I'm too tired to stay up longer.备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等.I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.3.不定式作原因状语形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等.You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to understand.三.分词作状语1.分词作状语时其形式的选择形式意义v-ing(doing) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,与句子谓语动词动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生having+v-ed(having done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词动作发生v-ed(done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成being+v-ed(being done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生having been+v-ed(havingbeen done)2.分词作状语的句法功能分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果,条件,让步,行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用.When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间)Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(原因)Generally speaking,if taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(条件)He glanced at her,nothing that though she was tiny,she seemed very well.(结果)Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)四.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分.常见的有:generallyspeaking一般来说;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by...根据....来判断;considering.../taking....into consideration考虑到.....;to tell you the truth说实话;compared to/with与....相比.Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong.Considering your health,you'd better have a rest.To tell you the truth,I am a little tired.五.独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致.但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构.独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系.③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开.独立主格结构的构成:①名词/代词+分词②名词/代词+不定式③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.I stood before her with my heart beating fast.【练一练】①Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only (find)it didn't fit.②Clearly and thoughtfully (write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their ownanswers.③Group activities will be organized after class (help)children develop team spirit.④(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than thoseof her age.⑤The lecture (give),a lively question-and-answer session followed.【非谓语动词作定语】一.不定式作定语1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词.The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.He had no place to live.2.用不定式作定语的几种情况:①不定式表将来The car to be bought is for his sister.②用来修饰被序数词,最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系.He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.③有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,ability,chance,warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness等.I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plans to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.二.分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing,being+过去分词和过去分词.当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时,用v-ing;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词.The houses being built are for the teachers.(被动,正在进行)2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing和过去分词.v-ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成.boiling water沸腾的水(表示正在进行)boiled water白开水(表完成)falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)fallen leaves已经落下的叶子(表完成)developing countries发展中国家(表正在进行)developed countries发达国家(表完成)三.to be done,done和being done作定语的区别to be done表被动,将来;done表被动,完成;being done表被动,正在进行.Have you read the novel written by Dickens? (表被动,完成)Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.(表被动,正在进行)The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.(表被动,将来)【练一练】①There are still many problems (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.②Prices of daily goods (buy)through a computer can be lower than store prices.③The flowers (smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.【非谓语动词作宾语,补语,主语,表语】一.非谓语动词(不定式,动名词)作宾语1.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装.主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮.decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语.2.下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想.避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏.禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡.consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can't help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.此外,be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can't stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time (in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语.3.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意.to do sth.忘记要做某事forgetdoing sth.忘记已经做过某事to do sth.记着要做某事rememberdoing sth.记得曾经做过某事to do sth.努力做某事regretdoing sth.后悔做过某事to do sth.努力做某事trydoing sth.试着做某事to do sth.打算做某事meandoing sth.意味着做某事4.在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit,consider后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语sb.to do sth.allow/permit/forbid/advise/considerdoing sth.Smoking is forbidden here so we don't allow you to smoke.We don't allow smoking in the wall.5.动词need,require,want作"需要",deserve作"应受,应得"解时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义.be worth后用动名词的主动形式(doing)表示被动意义, 而worthy则需用被动形式.此外,need,require,want后可以接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语,表示"需要/要求/想要某人做某事".to be done(需要)need/require/want doingsb.to do sth.(需要/要求/想要)名词deserve doingto be done名词be worth doingto be donebe worthy名词(表钱数或表价格的名词除外)ofbeing doneto be cleanedThe window needs/requires/wantscleaningworth visitingto be visitedThis place is worthya visitofbeing visitedconsideringThese proposals deserveto be considered6.不定式作动词(词组)tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等,但why后加不带to的不定式.备注:此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句.He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work)I don't know what to do.(=I don't know what I should do.)We must decide whether to stay or go.(=We must decide whether we'll stay or go)Can you tell me why do it?①The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without (recognize).②One learns a language by making mistakes and (correct)them.③In some parts of London,missing a bus means (wait)for another hour.二.非谓语动词作补语1.后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,tea ch,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等.You are not allowed to smoke here.The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.注意:think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,imagine,prove,appoint,judge等后常用"to be..."作宾补/主补People considered him to be a great leader.They found the answer to be quite satisfactory.Chinese food is considered to be the healthiest in the world.He imagines himself to be an able man.2.非谓语动词作感官动词(词组),使役动词的宾补listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see为例:doing sth.看见....正做....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)do sth.看见...做了....see+宾语+ being done看见....正在做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)done看见....被做I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动,完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动,正在进行)I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动,正在进行)I'd like to see the plan carried out.(被动,没有一定的时间性)2.使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的情况.do让...做....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)①make+宾语+done让...被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)He made his workers work 12 hours a day.He tried to make himself understood.do让.....做.....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)②let+宾语+be done让....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)Don't let your child play with matches.Let the work be done immediately.do sth.让...做某事doing sth.使....持续做某事(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系) ③have+宾语+done使....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)备注: ⑴.have sth. done还表示"使....遭受..."之意Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.⑵have sb. doing常用于否定句中,其中have有"允许,容忍"之意.I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.⑶have还可用于have sth. to do结构,该结构中have作"有"讲,不定式作定语.I have something urgent to inform you.to do sth.使....做doing sth.使...做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)⑷.get+宾语+done使....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)He got me to post the letter for him.The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.3.下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to;它们是"吾看三室两厅一感觉"-5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel) Someone was heard to come up the stairs.(三)动词leave,keep,find,catch及介词with后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况:sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/物一直处于某种状态(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行)sth. undone留下某事未做(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多)1.leavesb. To do sth.让某人去做某事(不定式表示将来的动作)sth. To be done.留下某事要做It's wrong to leave the machine running.(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didn't taste delicious.(被动,完成)He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.(被动,将来)sb./sth. doing使某人/物一直做某事2.keepsb./sth. done使某人/物被......(表示被动且完成,或表示状态)Keep the engine running.You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.sb. doing发现某人正在做某事3.find sb/sth. done发现某人/物.....(表完成或状态)sb./sth.(to be)...发现某人/物....We found him(to be)dishonest.Often I found her quietly weeping alone.I found him buried in a novel.4.catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事I caught John reading my private letters.sb./sth. doing(表主动且进行,或表特征)sth. being done(表被动且进行)5.with sth. done(表被动且完成,或表状态)sth. to do(表示将来)John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.(四)常用不定式作主语补足语的句型Sb. be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done+其他.He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)Heat is considered to be a form of energy.You're supposed to pay the bill by Friday.④The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry)out the next year.11。
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语高考英语的状语在句中主要修饰动词,形容词和句子,非谓语作状语常表:目的,时间,条件,结果,伴随,原因,让步,方式等。
下面为大家作进一步讲解。
1.to do 作状语,常表目的状语,结果状语,原因状语。
(1)表目的,译为“为了“例如:——Iget some money from the bank to buy you a gift.我从银行取了些钱,为了给你买份礼物。
——To be admitted into a key university, he buried himself into study.为了被重点大学录取,他专心致志于学习。
解析:to do 放句首,表强调。
另外:in order to , so as to 也表目的状语。
So as to 不放句首。
(2)表结果,常使用only/just to do, 却…,表意料之外的不良后果。
so/such ……as to do如此……以至于, ……enough to do,足够,too……to太……而不能……结构。
例如:——She is such a lazy girl as not to pass the exam.她是如此懒一个女孩,(以至于)没有及格。
解析:so 用法为So + adj. +a/an +n. 。
such用法为such + a/an +adj.+ n. 。
too 后用法与so相同。
Enough 前常用adj. 和adv. 。
注:n. 表名词。
adj.表形容词。
adv. 表副词。
——She hurried to the station , only to be told the train had left.她匆忙赶到车站,却被告知,火车已经离开了。
解析:only to do ,表意料之外的事,此处told 与she 之间为被动关系。
(3)作原因状语,常用在表情感,态度等形容词后。
例如:happy,surprised ,sorry 等。
非谓语做状语的用法
非谓语做状语的用法非谓语动词可以作状语有四种主要用法:1)动词现在分词和过去分词表示时间、条件方式让步或伴随的状况:这个用法中,如果句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,我们要用现在分词。
若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,就要使用过去分词或现代分词的被动式。
例:The crowd dispersed, chattering still about the shocking scene. 人群渐渐散去,路上人们还小声谈论着那惊人的场景。
2)动词不定式作目的状语:动词的不定式形式可以单独使用表目的,也可用在短语so as to do sth.或in order to do sth.之类里面。
如果这类的目的状语用在句首,通常后面需要加一个逗号隔开。
如:To win the election, he must make sure that the citizens support his vision for urban development. 想要赢得选举,他必须确保市民们支持他的城市发展愿景。
3)分词短语表示原因:非谓语动词作状语的这个用法可以置于句首,也可以放在句末,多用逗号隔开。
如:Seeing the effectiveness of mask wearing for preventing the spread of COVID, many European countries also started enforcing the use of masks. 看到戴口罩对预防新冠肺炎传播的有效性,许多欧洲国界也开始增强对口罩使用的要求。
4)不定式或现在分词表示结果:这两者分别在于不定式表示结果,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示未曾预料或令人不愉快的,不定式前常加only;现在分词表示结果,是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。
例如:He rushed to his office, only to realise that it was a public holiday. 他急忙赶到了他的办公室,才想起来那天是公共假日。
非谓语动词作状语的用法总结
非谓语动词作状语的用法总结非谓语动词在句中作状语,是由动词形式来承担的。
根据这种用法,非谓语动词可分为三类:不定式,动名词和分词。
a。
不定式不定式也称为不定式短语,它们后面的主语叫做不定式的逻辑主语,而不定式的宾语则是被修饰的名词或代词。
例如: She likes playing tennis very much。
她喜欢打网球。
“ She likes”就是不定式的逻辑主语。
动名词作状语也称为不定式短语。
动名词的逻辑主语一般是非人称代词,而动名词的宾语一般是与该动名词所表示的事物有关系的人或事物。
例如: They are to go to the park tomorrow。
他们明天要去公园。
“ They are to”就是动名词的逻辑主语。
英语的句子结构十分复杂,其中有时态、语态等语法范畴,有谓语、主语、宾语、定语、状语等语法范畴,而句子成分之间的关系往往比较隐蔽,学生感到难于把握。
因此,笔者认为在学习过程中要多从细节入手,结合例句反复练习。
如:我非常喜欢吃水果。
这是主语部分。
动词be后面还可以直接加上名词性的或形容词性的谓语,如:I like to eat apples。
我喜欢吃苹果。
我更喜欢吃西瓜。
这就是动词be的逻辑主语。
一个完整的主语必须要有以下四个部分,即:主语、谓语、宾语、表语。
b。
动名词动名词也称为动名词短语。
动名词的逻辑主语一般是非人称代词,而动名词的宾语一般是与该动名词所表示的事物有关系的人或事物。
例如: They are to write the letter。
他们将要写这封信。
“ They are”就是动名词的逻辑主语。
d。
分词e。
现在分词非谓语动词在句中作状语,是由动词形式来承担的。
根据这种用法,非谓语动词可分为三类:不定式,动名词和分词。
不定式不定式也称为不定式短语,它们后面的主语叫做不定式的逻辑主语,而不定式的宾语则是被修饰的名词或代词。
例如: She likes playing tennis very much。
非谓语动词讲解(超全
非谓语动词讲解(超全非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
与主谓结构不同,非谓语动词可在句子中作状语、定语或表语。
在英语中,非谓语动词的形式是相对固定的,但在不同的语法环境中所表示的意义和用法有所差异。
1. 动词不定式(to-infinitive)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:I want to go to the zoo.(我想去动物园。
)- 主语:To speak English fluently is important for your career.(流利地说英语对你的事业很重要。
)- 状语:He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买了些杂货。
)- 定语:She needs a pen to write her essay.(她需要一支笔来写作文。
)2. 动名词(gerund)动名词是将动词加上-ing构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:I enjoy reading books in my spare time.(我闲暇时喜欢读书。
)- 主语:Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是很好的锻炼。
)- 状语:She left the party early, feeling tired.(她因为感觉累了,所以提前离开了聚会。
)- 定语:The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.(哭闹的婴儿把整个邻居都吵醒了。
)3. 现在分词(present participle)现在分词由动词原形加上-ing构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:He enjoys playing soccer on weekends.(他喜欢周末踢足球。
)- 主语:Listening to music helps me relax.(听音乐帮助我放松。
非谓语动词作状语技巧
非谓语动词作状语技巧非谓语动词作状语是一种常见的修饰手法,它可以在句子中充当状语,起到进一步修饰动作的作用。
下面将从时间、原因、方式和目的四个方面来介绍非谓语动词作状语的技巧。
时间状语:非谓语动词作时间状语时,可以使用现在分词或过去分词形式。
例如:- Walking along the street, I suddenly met an old friend.- Having finished my homework, I went out to play.原因状语:非谓语动词作原因状语时,可以使用现在分词或过去分词形式。
例如:- Being tired, he decided to take a break.- Having failed the exam, she felt really disappointed.方式状语:非谓语动词作方式状语时,可以使用现在分词或不定式形式。
例如:- He won the race by running faster than anyone else.- She learned to play the piano by practicing every day.目的状语:非谓语动词作目的状语时,通常使用不定式形式。
例如:- He bought a new car to impress his friends.- She studied hard to pass the exam.通过使用非谓语动词作状语,可以使句子更加简洁明了,同时也能够丰富语言表达。
但需要注意的是,使用非谓语动词作状语时要确保逻辑关系清晰,避免出现歧义。
此外,还要注意句子的结构和语序,使文章更加通顺流畅。
最重要的是,要保持文章的自然度和情感,让读者感受到真实的人在叙述,而不是机械的文字堆砌。
(完整word)非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1。
主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest。
他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French. 他去法国学习法语.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路. (停下来的目的2。
作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make,to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了.He woke up to find everybody gone。
他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him。
他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活. The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf。
这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school。
他到上学年龄了.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词是指不具有谓语功能的动词形式,常常充当句子中的修饰成分,起到修饰动词、形容词、副词或名词等作用。
在英语中,非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。
本篇文章将以不定式、动名词和分词分别为依据,介绍非谓语动词作状语的用法和例句。
这些例句都是常见的日常生活和工作场景,希望能对大家的英语学习有所帮助。
(一)不定式作状语不定式是指由to加动词原形构成的动词形式,作为非谓语动词充当状语时,主要表达的是目的、结果、原因、方式、条件等语义。
1. 作目的状语不定式作目的状语常常放在句子前面,表示为了什么目的而去做某事。
- In order to finish the project on time, we worked overtime.- 为了按时完成项目,我们加班工作。
- He left early so as to catch the train.- 他早早离开以便赶上火车。
2. 作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示某个行动或决定的结果。
- He refused to help his sister, causing her great disappointment. - 他拒绝帮助妹妹,使她感到极度失望。
- She failed to complete the task, resulting in a delay.- 她未能完成任务,导致了延误。
3. 作原因状语不定式作原因状语表示为什么会发生某件事情。
- She woke up early to prepare breakfast for her family.- 她早早醒来为家人准备早餐。
- John stayed up late to finish his homework.- 约翰熬夜完成他的作业。
4. 作方式状语不定式作方式状语表示行动的方式。
- He drove carefully to avoid accidents on the icy road.- 他小心地驾驶以避免在冰路上发生事故。
非谓语动词用法精讲分词作状语的用法和常见形式
非谓语动词用法精讲分词作状语的用法和常见形式非谓语动词用法精讲:分词作状语的用法和常见形式非谓语动词是指不作谓语,不具备时态和人称变化的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其中,分词作为非谓语动词的一种形式,常常被用作状语来修饰句子的主语、宾语或其他成分。
本文将重点讲解分词作为状语的用法和常见形式。
一、分词作状语的用途分词作为状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式等不同的语义关系。
根据这些关系,分词可以用作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、结果状语和方式状语。
1. 分词作时间状语分词作时间状语时,可以表示动作发生的时间、顺序或同时性等。
常见的分词形式包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Walking along the river, I saw a beautiful sunset.- Having finished my homework, I went out to play.- Having been a teacher for many years, he knows how to handle students.2. 分词作原因状语包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Being tired, she decided to take a nap.- Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looked magnificent.- The car crashed into a tree, causing serious injuries.3. 分词作条件状语分词作条件状语时,可以表示动作发生的条件。
常见的分词形式包括现在分词和过去分词。
- Provided with enough resources, they can finish the project on time.- Weather permitting, we will have a picnic in the park.- Given the circumstances, I had no choice but to accept the offer.4. 分词作结果状语分词作结果状语时,可以表示动作的结果或效果。
非谓语作状语结构
非谓语作状语结构非谓语动词,顾名思义就是不作谓语的动词本质上也是由动词变过来的,但是为了区别它与动词,就在它的形式上与动词有区别。
非谓语动词有三种变形to do 也就是不定式doing 现在分词/动名词done过去分词按照大体的词性,可以分成三类,动名词,不定式,分词(过去分词和现在分词)非谓语在句中的作用就是做除谓语以外的其他句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,宾补,状语,定语,同位语。
非谓语作状语的知识如下:状语,是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词以及句子的原因,方式,时间,地点,目的,程度,等等等。
非谓语只有分词和不定式可以作状语,(动名词不能做状语,顾名思义动名词,把动词变成名词的性质,那就相当于一个名词,名词是不能做状语的。
一般常见做状语的是副词。
)先说不定式作状语表原因,目的,结果(谐音记忆:不(不定式)状(状语),因目果意思就是,为什么不说话,因为我的眼睛只有苹果)〔1〕不定式作原因状语关键点是:基本结构中的主系表,表语是有表示心情状态形容词充当,如:开心,伤心……例:I am so happy to see you.因为见到你我很高兴〔2〕不定式作目的状语这个不用我说,大家一看到不定式,最开始想的就是目的状语例:I study hard to server people well.我努力学习是为了更好地服务人民。
〔3〕不定式作结果状语关键点:意料之外的结果例:I hurried to school, only to find the gate locked.我急急忙忙去学校,结果发现门锁了。
分词作状语〔主动用doing,被动用done〕表原因,条件,时间,让步,方式,伴随,结果。
〔谐音巧记:因挑食(时间)让柿(方式)拌着果〕〔1〕分词作原因状语例:Being ill, he didn't go to school.因为生病了,他没去学校。
主语是he,他与ill的关系是他生病,主动,用现在分词。
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非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1. 主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French。
他去法国学习法语。
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。
(停下来的目的2.作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
He lived to be a very old man.他活得很长。
In 1935 he left home never to return.1935年,他离开家再没有回来。
The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄, 像一座塔。
The room is big enough to hold one hundred people.这房间大得足以容纳一百人。
I hurried to school, only to find the gate is locked.He hurried to the station, only to be told the bus had left. 他匆忙赶到车站 , 结果却被告知汽车已经走了。
3.表示喜怒哀乐的形容词作表语其后的不定式作原因状语。
表示引起这种情绪变化的原因。
I’m sorry not to have come on Tuesday. 很抱歉没有在星期二来。
I am very glad to see you. 见到你我非常高兴。
(to see you 作 glad 的原因状语We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。
(原因二、不定式做状语时应该注意:1. not/never too…to do , too…not to do , but/only too… to do, too ready to do, too eager to do表示肯定意义。
He is too careful not to have noticed that.他那么小心 , 肯定会注意到那一点的。
She is too sad not to help crying. 她那么伤心,忍不住哭了。
I am only too glad to help you.我很高兴能帮助你。
I am only too glad to go.我很高兴能去。
I am only never too glad to know you.认识你我再高兴不过了。
Mary was only too ready to help others,玛丽总是乐于助人 .He is only too ready to help others, seldom, if ever, refusing them when they turn to him. 他很乐意帮助别人,别人向他求助时他从不拒绝别人。
Y ou cannot be too careful when you drive car. 你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分。
2.不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用 for 引导主语。
We studied hard to pass the exam. 不定式做目的状语其逻辑主语是 we 。
Li Ming’s mother went to the lecture hall early for him to get a good seat. 李明的母亲一早就去演讲厅了,为了让他可以得到一个好座位。
三、分词作状语可以作 :1.作时间状语Hearing the noise, I turned round. 听见响声我转过身去。
Having done my shopping, I returned home. 买完东西,我就回家了。
Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时, 发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
2.表示原因。
往往位于句首,表示发生某一行为的原因。
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有收到答复,他决定再写一遍。
Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。
Being League members, we are ready to help others. 由于我们是团员,我们乐意帮助别人。
Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him由于不知道他的地址,我无法给他写信。
3.表示条件。
Reading carefully, you'll learn something new. 只要你仔细阅读, 你会学到一些新的东西。
Working hard, you will surely succeed. (=If you work hard, you will surely succeed. 如果你努力工作,你就一定会成功。
Given more time, we could have done it better. (If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.如果给我们时间多一些,我们本来会做得更好。
4.表示伴随或方式。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。
(伴随The boy sat in front of the farm house cutting the branch. 那男孩坐在农舍前,小树枝。
(伴随He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
(方式 5.表示结果。
现在分词作结果状语表示自然的结果。
充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语,而是句子的内容或部分内容。
A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand. 许多好地也随之消失了, 留下来的只是沙漠。
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.那孩子滑了一跤, 头撞到了门上。
A hurricane hit this area last night, blowing down a lot of trees.European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. 欧式足球在 80个国家盛行,是世界上最流行的运动。
四、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
1.现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
2.过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
(过去分词和现在分词一般被动式及完成被动式作状语,两者无多大区别。
见下。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些, 它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候, 我们必须设法克服。
∆过去分词和现在分词一般被动式及完成被动式作状语的比较:1.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式都有被动意义,有时两者无多大区别。
例如 :(Being seized with a sudden fear, she gave a scream.在某些情况下,二者则是有区别的。
例如:United, we stand; divided, we fall.(条件Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.(原因 , 强调写的过程 , 故应用现在分词一般被动式2.有时过去分词与现在分词完成被动式皆表示已完成的动作,在意义上无多大区别。
例如:(Having been weakened by storms, the bridge was no longer safe.但有时是有区别的。