初中 一般将来时讲解

一般将来时

一．定义：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：

二、结构

肯定句：①主语+ will / shall +动词（原形）+其他…

I will buy some books tomorrow.

②主语+ be going to + 动词（原形）+其他…

否定句：①主语+ will / shall +not +动词（原形）+其他…

I will not buy some books tomorrow.

②主语+ be +not+ going to + 动词（原形）+其他…

I am not going to buy some books tomorrow.

疑问句：Will / Shall +主语+动词原形+其他…？

Will you buy some books tomorrow?

Be +主语+going to + 动词原形+其他…？

Are you going to buy some books tomorrow?

回答方式：

肯定回答：① Yes,主语+will ② Yes,主语+ be

否定回答：① No,主语+will +not ② No, 主语+be + not

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词原型+其他…

Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪?

What shall I do?我怎么办呢?

How many books will they get? 他们将有多少本书？

三区别．will, be going to …, be to…（高中）, be about to（初中）…

1.be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。be going to和will相比，be going to通常表示主观，will通常表示客观。

What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要做什么？

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看看这些黑云，将有一场暴风雨。

It’s going to be a fine day tomorrow.明天将会是个好天。

It is going to rain. 要下雨

He is seriously ill. He is going to die.

He will be twenty years old.

2. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight.

He will write a book one day. .

3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：

She is going to lend us her book.

He will be here in half an hour.

4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用will, 如：

If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you

2.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。

We are to have a meeting next Saturday. 下个周日我们有个会。

The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学。

Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗？

The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国。

3.“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。这一结构用于表示客观就要发生的事，表示马上就要发生。一般不再与时间状语连用。

Don’t go out. We’re about to have a meeting. 别出去了,我们很快就开会了。

I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。

He is about to leave for Shenyang.他将要离开去沈阳。

We are about to leave. 我们马上就走。

The film is about to begin. 电影马上就要开始了。

四．注意事项

1. be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

2. Let’s …的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。

Let’s have a rest, shall we?

3. 问句是“Shall…?”，答句就用“shall ~”；问句用“Will …？”，答句就用“will ~ ”。要前后保持一致。

Shall you go to school next week ?

Yes, I shall . We’ll have an exam .

Will you have an exam tomorrow?

Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.