英语时态结构、时间状语与频度副词

不同时态的时间状语：(对应之前表格中的基本形式)

(一)一般将来时next…, tomorrow, in+时间,

1.I will /shall go to school next week/in a

mouth/tomorrow.

译：我下周/一个月/明天要去学校。

2.I am going to wash the clothes next week/in a

mouth/tomorrow.

译：我下周/一个月/明天要洗衣服

(二)一般现在时every …, sometimes,at …, on

Sundays, once a week, always, usually, often, never.

1表示平时习惯性，常常做的动作；

例：I get up early every day.(我每天早早起床)——每天习惯做的事情

2.述不可改变的真理，如地球绕着太阳转。

例：The earth goes round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)——可以看做地球习惯性的常做的动作

(三)现在进行时now, Listen! Look! these days.

1.is cleaning the windows now

他正在擦玻璃现在，调整语序为：他现在正在擦玻璃。

2.Listen!Mr Smith is singing in the classroom.

听，史密斯先生正在教室唱歌。

3.My mother is learning English these days.

我的妈妈这几天在学英语。（几天一直在持续进行的动作。）

(四)一般过去时yesterday, last week(year, month,

day...), (an hour, a few minutes...) ago,

the other day, in 1982, just now, after, later, before.

when 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句，状语从句中的“主将从现”原则（即主句将来时，从句一般现在时）。

1.I visited the old man alone yesterday.

昨天我独自去看望了那位老大爷。

2.We had a final exam last week.

我们上周举行了期末考试。

3.He waved his hand a few minutes ago.

几分钟前，他挥了下他的手。

4.（travel on business/be on a business trip——出差）

5.

（四）过去进行时（was/were doing something）

At +过去时间点（that time，5 o’clock...),

yesterday, from nine to ten last evening(昨天晚上九到十点)…

when, while引导的表示过去的时间状语从句.

1.I was watching TV at 5 o’clock.(5点的时候，我正在看电视)

2.She was playing the piano the whole morning/all day.

她整个上午/一整天都在弹钢琴。

4.when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持

续性动词，而while所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用

进行时态，

如：When the car exploded I was walking past it.

指在走过这辆车的持续性过程中，发生了一个瞬间的短暂

性的动作，即汽车爆炸。When 后面从句谓语动词用

exploded

= While I was walking past ，the car exploded.

注：while 后面从句谓语动词常用延续性动词，如walking,由于这个事件已发生，用过去进行的，表示当我经过时，

这辆车爆炸了，和when引导的句子意思相同。

3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用

一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不

到的动作发生了。如：

I was walking in the street when someone called me.

我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。

4.when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：

1）I was

延续性动词

我正在散步，突然遇见了他。

2）We were playing outside when it began to rain.

When 后面的从句动词常用短暂性动词我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。

（五）现在完成时for, since, ever, already, just, yet, never,

till/until, up to now, in past years, so far,recently

when和while引导时间状语从句的区别：

when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。例如：Mary was having dinner when I saw her.

The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.

When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.

while表示“在……的时候”、“在……期间”、“一边……一边……”。while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。

例如：The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.

She called while I was out.

I was drawing while my brother was reading.

He likes reading a newspaper while he is waiting for the bus.

如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。

例如：While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.

Don't talk so loud while others are working.

有时when 和while 可以转换使用。