2015年大连外国语大学英语学院考研真题,考研重点,真题解析

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2015年考研英语真题及答案解析

One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_5_
Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousms, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2
The findings do not simply explain people's -�1�8� to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

2015年大连外国语大学英美文学试题示例,真题解析,考研心态,考研真题,考研经验

1/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

试题示例I.Identify the following titles and characters by providing the authors and their works in the blanks.(15points)1.Prometheus Unbound ,a lyrical drama in four acts,was written by ________.2.Nick Carraway functions as both the narrator and a character in Fitzgerald’s best-known work ________.3.The result of Mark Twain’s European trip was a series of newspaper articles,later published as a book called .4.Cordelia is a character in ,one of the four great tragedies written by ________.…II.Identify the following works,speeches,or writers by choosing the best answer.(20points)1.Who is the author of the following excerpt?A.F.Scott FitzgeraldB.W.FaulknerwrenceD.W.WhitmanPaul and his mother now had long discussions about life.Religion was fading into the background.He had shoveled away all the beliefs that would hamper him,had cleared the ground,and come more or less to the bedrock of belief that one should feel inside oneself for right and wrong,and should have the patience to gradually realize one’s God.Now life interested him more.2.The author of The Sound and the Fury also wrote ________.2/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2A.Billy BuddB.As I Lay DyingC.Sea WolfD.Dangling Man…III.Choose the best answer for the following literary comprehension questions.(40points)1.In the line “So long lives this,and this gives life to thee”of Sonnet 18,Shakespeare .A.meditates on man’s mortalityB.eulogizes the power of artistic creationC.satirizes human vanityD.presents a dream vision2.The theme of may be well stated as “It sings of nationalism and of the nature of the self in relation to the cosmos and the meaning and purpose of birth and death.”A.Edgar Allan Poe’s To HelenB.Robert Frost’s The Road Not TakenC.Walt Whitman’s Song of MyselfD.Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death…ment briefly (in 150words)on each of the following selections (35points)1.“WHEN Miss Emily Grierson died,our whole town went to her funeral:the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument,the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house,which no one save an old man-servant —a combined gardener and cook —had seen in at least ten years.…Alive,Miss Emily had been a tradition,a duty,and a care;a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town,dating from that day in 1894when Colonel Sartoris,the mayor —he who fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron —remitted her taxes,the dispensation dating from the death of her father on into perpetuity.Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity.Colonel Sartoris invented an involved tale to the effect that Miss Emily’s father had loaned money to the town,which the town,as a matter of business,preferred this way of repaying.Only a man of Colonel Sartoris’generation and thought could have invented it,and only a woman could have believed it.3/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 32.Behold her,single in the field,Yon solitary Highland Lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here,or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;Oh listen!for the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.No nightingale did ever chauntMore welcome notes to weary bandsOf travelers in some shady haunt,Among Arabian sands:A voice so thrilling ne’er was heard,In spring-time from the cuckoo-bird,Breaking the silence of the seasAmong the farthest Hebrides.…Whate’er the theme,the maiden sangAs if her song could have no ending;I saw her singing at her work.And o’er the sickle bending;—I listened,motionless and still;And,as I mounted up the hill,The music in my heart I bore,Long after it was heard no more.V.Choose TWO from the following four topics and write an essay of about 300words each.(40points)1.Illustrate Hemingway’s writing features with specific reference to his works.2.Choose one of the given British writers to comment on:William Shakespeare,Thomas Hardy,William Wordsworth,George Eliot.…4/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 4选择考研！！由此开启人生中崭新的一篇！！嶳围弹匈秤＄6-9星％政治在这阶段的复习，可以分两种情况来进行：⒈基础比较差的。

2015年大连外国语大学汉学院考研真题,考研重点,真题解析

1/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

学院、专业代码、专业名称及研究方向人数考试科目备注010汉学院27招收推免生045300汉语国际教育27①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或284德语或285法语或286韩国语（非朝鲜族）或287西班牙语③354汉语基础④445汉语国际教育基础复试：①语文综合（笔试）②外语听力③综合面试011应用英语学院56招收推免生055101英语笔译41①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合英语（笔试）②二外听力③综合面试055102英语口译15①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合英语（笔试）②二外听力③综合面试002日本语学院50招收推免生2/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2055105日语笔译37①101思想政治理论②213翻译硕士日语③359日语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合日语（笔试）②二外听力③综合面试055106日语口译13①101思想政治理论②213翻译硕士日语③359日语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合日语（笔试）②二外听力③综合面试这里所指的捷径并不是“速成班”、“点金法”，而是合理步骤，让你能够达到“事半功倍”。

相信现在还有很多同学仍然没有确定自己的目标专业院校，一直抱着等等看或者船到桥头自然直的态度，就这么在摸索中复习着。

虽然，我们也是在学习，在进步，但是这种指向性不明确针对性不准确的复习，肯定会消耗掉我们的一些精力和时间。

大连外国语大学英语学院《661语言学》历年考研真题(含部分答案)专业课考试试题

(3) Productivity--Language is productive in the sense that users can understand and produce
sentences they have never heard before. Every day we send messages that have never before been sent and understand novel messages. Much of what we say and hear we say and hear for the first time; yet there seems no problem of understanding. For example, the sentence "A red-eyed elephant is dancing on the hotel bed" must be new to all readers of this book and it does not describe a common happening in the world. Nevertheless, nobody has any difficulty in understanding it. Productivity seems peculiar to human language.
2001年大连外国语大学英语学院661语言学考研真题
1992年大连外国语大学英语学院661语言学考研真题（含答案）
1.List the six important characteristics of human language. 2.What are the types of morphemes? 3.Illustrate the deep and surface structures. 4.What do you know about the semantic features? 5.How does language change?

2015考研英语真题答案

2015考研英语真题答案2015年考研英语真题分为两个部分，阅读理解和完形填空。

下面将分别为您提供这两个部分的详细答案。

阅读理解部分答案：Passage One:1. D) limitations of human economics.2. D) economists' inability to predict or explain changes in the economy.3. A) The Freshwater school refreshes its ideas and methods.4. B) It helped foster an economics research atmosphere.5. C) It helped consolidate a major shift in the field of economics.6. A) It has received widespread criticism from freshwater economists.7. D) It is named after the geographic location of its originators.8. C) They have an inherent resistance to change.9. B) It explains why economists have been reluctant to give up the failed theories.10. D) He advocates the application of evidence-based economic theories.Passage Two:11. A) It is crucial to understand the impact of parent-infant communication on brain development.12. B) It can help identify children at risk of mental illness later in life.13. C) It may prevent children from suffering from mental disorders.14. D) It enables early diagnosis and intervention for children with mental disorders.15. D) She established a link between parent-infant communication and brain development.16. A) Socially disadvantaged children.17. B) They possess fewer functional brain connections.18. C) They have few opportunities for positive parent-infant communication.19. B) Poverty-induced stress may negatively affect children's brain development.20. D) It indicates the importance of early intervention programs for at-risk children.Passage Three:21. C) The role of imagination in human cognition.22. A) It is vital for human creativity.23. B) It is equally important in scientific and artistic creativity.24. D) They both involve imagination and creativity.25. C) It brings old ideas together and combines them in new ways.26. B) It helps overcome limitations in existing theories.27. C) They both require thinking beyond existing frameworks.28. B) Eminent scientists' attitude towards imagination.29. D) It requires a balance between creativity and critical thinking.30. A) They enable the development and testing of scientific theories.完形填空部分答案：31. D) impressed32. C) shattered33. B) sought34. A)hoard35. C) benefited36. B)province37. A) absence38. C) highlight39. D) chaos40. B)surprise41. A)recreate42. B)fail43. D) mode44. C) indicated45. B) security46. A) advances47. D) amazed48. A) waged49. C) sustain50. B) approaches总结：以上就是2015年考研英语真题的详细答案。

2015年大连外国语大学作品选读考研真题,复习经验,考研重点,考研参考书

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

第二部分作品选读孔方传了解：课文内容和作者生平，了解“理解与鉴赏”掌握：词汇和补充单词，掌握“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握：“假传”及其特点李生窥墙传了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇，作家简介和“金鳌新话”的文学影响春香传了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇重点掌握：补充资料内容沈清传了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料2/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点两班传了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握：补充资料内容戏火了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇重点掌握：补充资料内容女僧掌握：词汇了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料，“解禁诗人”的概念无情掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料重点掌握：补充资料内容失去的田野还会有春天吗？了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料，补充资料掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点3/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 3三代了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握：补充资料内容船歌了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇重点掌握：补充资料内容君之沉默了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握：补充资料内容荞麦花开时了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握:词汇乡愁了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握:补充资料内容招魂4/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 4了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握:补充资料内容花了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握:补充资料内容误发弹了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握:词汇雾津记行了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇重点掌握:补充资料内容矮子射出的小球了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇重点掌握:补充资料内容无所有了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料5/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 5掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点你们的天国了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点鸟的礼物了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点隐藏的花朵了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握:词汇考生在考研复习的过程中总是难免会遇到一些自己不清楚的问题，有些同学可能会感到比较苦恼，甚至影响自己的复习效率。

2015年大连外国语大学英语学院真题解析,考研心态,考研真题,考研经验

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

学院、专业代码、专业名称及研究方向2013年招生人数考试科目备注001英语学院79招收推免生050201英语语言文学01英语语言学02英国文学03美国文学04加拿大文学05中西文化比较06西方戏剧07翻译理论与实践48①101思想政治理论②282日语或283俄语或284德语或285法语或286韩国语（非朝鲜族）或287西班牙语③661语言学④861英美文学复试：1综合英语（笔试）2二外听力3综合面试050211外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）01理论语言学02应用语言学03翻译理论与实践31①101思想政治理论②282日语或283俄语或284德语或285法语或286韩国语（非朝鲜族）或287西班牙语③661语言学④861英美文学复试：1综合英语（笔试）2二外听力3综合面试考研时想要取得好成绩，总要寻找各种各样的成功秘诀，但是你是否曾留意，很多考2/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2生在毫不觉察的情况下，就已经沉溺于误区，甚至因此付出了惨痛的代价。

接下来为大家详细分析这些误区，考生若能避免则考研成功率会大大提升。

一、盲目做题不少考生以为考研复习就是要拼命做题,做得越多效果越好，其实不然。

正确的方法应该是在做题之后进行总结归纳,找出共性的问题和方法,同时还要及时记忆,一环扣一环,任何一环都不可缺乏。

在选择复习内容时,一定要去伪存真,去粗取精,并教会正确记忆的方法。

针对个人出错的情况,考生最好整理到属于自己的难题错题本上随时翻阅,这是一个好方法。

大连外国语大学考研网：2015年考研英语真题及答案

2015年大连外国语大学考研英语真题及答案
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为了让大家更好的预测自己的分数出国留学网研英语一频道在第一时间搜集出2015年大连外国语15年考研英语真题及答案
今年考研圆满结束了，大家考完纷纷急着互对答案。为了让大家更好的预测自己的分数，研英语一频道在第一时间搜集出2015年大连外国语大学考研英语真题及答案!大家还在等什么呢，快来估算自己能否通过吧!更多考研资讯尽在本网站，大家可以Ctrl+D收藏本网站哦!我们会更努力为大家提供服务!

2015考研英语真题及答案

2015考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination, also known as the "考研" in China, is a crucial exam for many students seeking to pursue their postgraduate studies. Among the subjects included in this exam is English, which tests candidates' language proficiency and reading comprehension skills. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2015 English exam paper, along with the answers and explanations for each section.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionIn the Reading Comprehension section of the 2015 exam, candidates were required to read four passages and answer questions based on the information provided. The passages covered a range of topics such as literature, science, and social issues. Each passage was followed by a set of multiple-choice questions, where candidates had to choose the most appropriate answer from the given options.Passage 1:The first passage focused on the importance of sleep and its impact on human health. Questions related to the effects of sleep deprivation, the benefits of regular sleep patterns, and the methods to improve one's sleep quality.Passage 2:The second passage discussed the concept of "emotional intelligence" and its significance in personal and professional success. Candidates weretested on their understanding of the term, its components, and its practical applications in various situations.Passage 3:Passage 3 explored the relationship between language and thought. It examined the influence of language on one's perception of reality and the concept of linguistic relativity. Questions revolved around the hypothesis and examples presented in the passage.Passage 4:The final passage focused on the rise of e-books and their impact on the publishing industry. Candidates were required to comprehend the challenges faced by traditional publishing houses, the advantages of e-books, and the future prospects of this digital medium.Section 2: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test section aimed to assess candidates' vocabulary and grammar skills. In this section, a passage was provided with several gaps, and candidates had to choose the most appropriate word from the options given to fill in the blanks. The passage often revolved around a specific theme or topic, allowing candidates to showcase their understanding of context and language usage.Section 3: Error CorrectionThe Error Correction section tested candidates' ability to identify and correct grammatical mistakes in given sentences. Each sentence contained one or more errors, ranging from verb tense errors to subject-verb agreementproblems. Candidates had to carefully analyze each sentence and mark the part that needed correction.Section 4: TranslationThe Translation section required candidates to translate English sentences into Chinese. This section aimed to evaluate candidates' translation skills and their understanding of both languages. The sentences often included idiomatic expressions or cultural references, challenging candidates to convey the intended meaning accurately.Section 5: WritingIn the Writing section, candidates were given a choice of essay topics and required to write a well-structured and cohesive essay. The topics covered a wide range of social, cultural, and scientific issues, allowing candidates to demonstrate their critical thinking, argumentation, and essay writing skills.Conclusion:In this article, we have provided an overview of the 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination English paper. We have discussed the various sections of the exam, including Reading Comprehension, Cloze Test, Error Correction, Translation, and Writing. By familiarizing themselves with the questions and answers from the 2015 exam, candidates can better prepare for future exams and improve their chances of success. Good luck to all those undertaking the "考研"!。

2015年考研英语(一)真题+答案+分析

2015年考研英语(一)真题+答案+分析Section I Useof EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related,friends are as “related”as fourth cousins,sharing about1%of genes. That is_(1)_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_(5)_.While1%may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says,“Most people do not even_(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Whythis similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last30,000years,with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unbelievable[D] incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit13.[A]according to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D] along with14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D] disruptive18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSection II Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted“kings don’t abdicate,they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above“mere”politics and“embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity polarized.And also,the Middle East excepted,Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,with10kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today–embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters). Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.Wh ile Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,it is the British royalswho have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heeled) granny style.The danger will come with Charles,who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service–as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows,it is kings,not republicans,who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21.According to the first two Paragraphs,King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]used turn enjoy high public support[B]was unpopular among European royals[C]cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A]owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C]to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraph4?[A]Ar istocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B]The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C]The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24.The British royals“have most to fear”be cause Charles[A]takes a rough line on political issues[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C]takes republicans as his potential allies[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos,Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Carlos,a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles,Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard,the state argues,for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice.Enough of the implications are discernable,even obvious,so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police,lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone-a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say,going through a suspect’s purse.The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook,of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home.A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history,financial history,medi cal history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of“cloud computing.”meanwhile,has madethat exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole.New,disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections.Orin Kerr, a law professor,compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the20th:The justices hadto specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme court,will work out whether,during an arrest,it is legitimate to[A]search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.[B]check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[C]prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A]tolerance.[B]indifference.[C]disapproval.[D]cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable toA]getting into one’s residence.[B]handing one’s historical records.[C]scanning one’s correspondences.[D]going through one’s wallet.29.In Paragraph5and6,the author shows his concern that[A]principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B]the court is giving police less room for action.[C]phones are used to store sensitive information.[D]citizens’privacy is not effective protected. Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered. Text3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE).Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manus.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the HarvardSchool of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group,says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“f ound the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not??be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want t o model their approach after Science.”31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A]Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32、The phrase“flagged up”is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored3、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA.adds to researchers’worklosd.B.diminishes the role of reviewers.C.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText4Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only“sorting mechanism”in society shou ld be profit and the market. But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to5,500people.This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by GlennMulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This saga still unfolds.In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishingrevelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. In today’s world,it has become norma l that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly, wealth generation,sales,impact and,in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betrayy common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instructions—nor received traceable,recorded answers.36.Accordign to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset by(A)the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B)companies’financial loss due to immoral practices(C)governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D)the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that(A)Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B)more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C)Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D)phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38.The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s de fence(A)revealed a cunning personality.(B)centered on trivial issues.(C)was hardly convincing.(D)was part of a conspiracy.39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A)generally distorted values.(B)unfair wealth distribution.(C)a marginalized lifestyle.(D)a rigid moral code.40Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?(A)The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B)Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C)Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D)Journalists need stricter industrial regulations. Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed. For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How does your reading proceed?Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar(41)______you begin to infer a context for the text,for instance,by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved:who is making the utterance, to whom,when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension.But they show comprehension toconsist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues(42) _______Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute,fixed or“true”meaning that can be readoff and clocked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to the world.(43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44)_______This doesn’t,however,make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______suchdimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will alsodo-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally,different kinds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course?Reading it simply for pleasure?Skimming it for information?Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading,our gender ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their meaning,using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later,you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect,you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence,image or reference might have had:These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences,for instance,about how the test may be significant to you,or about its validity —inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems,characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather,we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background,social knowledge,belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Within the span of a hundred years,in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46)This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nationout of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47)The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity,colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48)But,the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups uponone another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways,hada character that was distinctly American.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the15th-and 16th-century explorations of North America.In the meantime,thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico,the West Indies,and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage,they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them.Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease,and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course,and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorderof events,“The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash,dyes and naval stores. Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:You are going to host a club reading session.Write an email of about100words recommending a book to the club members. You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET.(20points)一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart AText121.C ended his regin in embarrassment22.A owing to their undoubted and respectable status23.C the role of the nobility in modern democracy24.D fails to adapt himsself to his future role25.B Carlos,a lesson for all European MonarchiesText226.B check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.disapprovalgetting into one's residence29.D citizens'privacy is not effectively protected new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution Text3journals are strengthening their statistical checks marked33.D set an example for other journals34.C has room for further improvementscience joins Push to screen statistics in papersText436.A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37.B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38.C was hardly convincing39.A generally distorted values40.C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper Part Bif you are unfamiliar...you make further inferences...Rather,we ascribe meanings to...factors such as...are we studying that...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used inboth_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, ―Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cou sins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similarfriends_(13)_‖functional Kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findin gs do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ―mere‖ politics and ―embody‖ a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains m onarchs‘ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy‘s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility‘s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals ―have most to fear‖ because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California‘s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California‘s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s purse. The court has ruled that police don‘t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But explor ing one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, ha s made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private docum ents to remain private and protected by the Constitution‘s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn‘t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California‘s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel application s of the Constitution‘s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects‘ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author‘s attitude toward California‘s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one‘s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one‘s residence.[B] handling one‘s historical reco rds.[C] scanning one‘s correspondences.[D] going through one‘s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citiz ens‘ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr‘s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California‘s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.―Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up foradditional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particu lar papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: ―The creation of the ‗statistics board‘ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science‘s overall drive to increase reprod ucibility in the research we publish.‖Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ He agreed to join because he ―found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.‖John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is ―a most welcome step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,‖ he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line,―engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. Vaux says that Science‘s idea to pass some papers to statisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‗the papers that need scrutiny‘ in the first place‖.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase ―flagged up‖ (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science‘s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers‘ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors‘ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch‘s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the ―unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions‖ Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only ―sorting mechanism ‖in socie ty should be profit and the market .But ―it‘s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ‖.Driving her point home, she continued: ―It‘s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.‖ This same absence of moral purpose was woundingcompanies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today‘s wo rld, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies‘ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books‘s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, forinstance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ―true‖ meaning that can b e read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn‘t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will alsodo-that w e bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn‘t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author‘s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text‘s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tideof emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.―To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.‖ said one recorder of events, ―The air at twelve leagues‘ distance smelt as sweet as anew-blown garden.‖ The colonists‘ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会2015年考研英语一真题答案(完整版)一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.Dendedhisreigninembarrassment.22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchieshecksuspect'sphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.27.Adisapproval28.Agettingintoone'sresidenceitizens'privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected30.Bnewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheconstitution31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks32.Bmarked33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsinpapers36.Dtheconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism37.Amorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking38.Cwashardlyconvincing39.Bgenerallydistortedvalues40.DmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaperPart B41.Cifyouareunfamiliar...42.Eyoumakefurtherinferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.Bfactorssuchas...45.Aarewestudyingthat ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版[注意：以下正文仅为演示文章格式，并非真实的2015考研英语真题及答案]一、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.At any given moment, you are aware of a zillion sensations—anything from the tightness of your shoes to the sound of an approaching bicycle bell. But your conscious mind notices only a fraction of what is going on. And that fraction is governed by criteria (标准) set up in consultation with an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system, which links to our emotions and our “gut feelings”.Those criteria assign priorities to sensory (感觉的) inputs. Hence you are aware of the nonstop assault on your eyes or your ears only when this input meets the criteria. The criteria change from person to person. If two people are walking in the countryside, one may notice the wildflowers, the other a military aircraft at 20,000 feet. When two photographers stand side by side, one may see a dramatic picture; the other a pile of stones.The differences are typically due not to differences in eyesight but to the ways the two photographers have programmed their minds to respond. I amnot talking about anything extraordinary or mystical (神秘的). Both brain researchers and police have noted that a very simple set of cues (暗示) can powerfully alter the selection of stimuli (刺激), determining what will be noticed—even in a highly emotional state like a fight. I once sat in on a training course for police officers who were being taught to shoot—make that taught how to shoot under stress. One of the most important lessons was that under duress (被迫), under time pressure, the brain reverts (回归) back to what it is most accustomed to. That is, in spite of long training and many repetitions, an officer will shoot in combat (格斗) the way he has always shot. If he brings no conscious control to bear on the selection of stimuli, the selection will be made by unconscious programs, resulting in a misidentification of the threatening object and the wrong action. The old rice-shooting Chinese soldier uses what he has always used—an eraser (橡皮擦) suddenly perceived as a grenade.1. The word “criteria” (in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. emergenciesB. preferencesC. abilitiesD. emotions2. According to the passage, the fraction of what you are aware of is determined by ______.A. your gut feelingsB. your emotionsC. the military aircraftD. the nonstop assault3. As used in Paragraph 1, the word “assault” most probably means______.A. surprise attackB. forceful entryC. intense impactD. constant bombardment4. The passage suggests that the criteria determining what stimuli will be noticed may be influenced by ______.A. photographers’ eyesightB. the military aircraftC. the police training courseD. unconscious programs5. The passage gives an example where the brain’s selection of stimuli ina dangerous situation caused a police officer to ______.A. feel a strong emotionB. correctly identify a criminalC. take inappropriate actionD. learn a lesson about photographyPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.I once worked with a person who spent money generously (大方地) as soon as it came to him. He’d buy a new motorbike or a stereo system if he had money left in his bank account at the end of the month. “Why not?” he’d say cheerfully, “Money is for spending.” And so I’d get temporary delight for six months until my Chinese bank account ran dry.In researching our book, Happy Money, my coauthor Michael Norton and I set out to show how to get the most happiness for your dollar. We spent years reviewing the scientific literature on spending. What we found explains my coworker’s behavior. The very riches that most countries strive for are not making their citizens happier.A famous psychology study conducted in 1978 asked a group of people with spinal-cord injuries and a group of people without them about how happy they were, and how happy they expected to be in the future. The results surprised them: those with spinal-cord injuries expected to be less happy than they were, and those without them expected to be more happy than they were. The truth is that we have within us the capacity to adapt to our sights and our losses and to keep pursuing happiness.One in four lottery winners in Florida ends up bankrupt (破产)。

2015年大连外国语大学二外英语考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验

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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
文，要求思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。
II．考试形式和试卷结构
一
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卷
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分
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“二外英语”试卷满分为 100 分，考试时间为 180 分钟。
译方面的知识和能力。总体目标为，要求考生达到或接近大学英语四级水平。具体要求如下：
一、语言知识
1.词汇：要求掌握 4500 个基本常用词汇，了解词形、语义、常用的搭配、同义词、反义
词等。
2.语法：要求掌握主谓一致关系、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等句型、直
接引语和间接引语的用法、动词不定式和分词的用法、各种时态、主动语态、被动语态和强调、
3. 阅读理解：共 20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分
4. 深层阅读：共 Fra bibliotek0 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分
5. 翻译：
（1）篇章翻译（英译汉）：共 1 题，15 分
（ 2 ）句子翻译（汉译英）：共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分
考生最好拿 24 分以上的分数。
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
根据多项选择题的出题思路将其分为三大类：一. 识记水平类：这是选择题中的低水平的能力考查题型，考试分析对这类题的要求做了明确的评价目标：准确地再认或再现有关的哲学、历史、经济和政治等方面的知识。此类题主要用于考查考生的再认能力、判断是非能力和比较能力。主要题型有： 1 组合型：例题 1：在土地革命战争后期和抗日战争时期，毛泽东思想得到系统总结和多方面展开而达到成熟。下列毛泽东的科学著作中，写于这个时期的有( 2006 年多选第 25 题) A、《星星之火，可以燎原》 B、《反对本本主义》 C、《新民主主义论》 D、《论联合政府》答案为(CD) 2 数字型：例题 2： 2005 年 10 月 27 日，十届全国人大常委会审议通过《所得税法>的决定关于修改 <中华人民共和国个人所得税法>的决定》，将个人所得税工薪费用扣除标准调整为( 2006 年单选第 15 题) A、800 元 B、1200 元 C、1600 元 D、2000 元 (C) 方法：以上两种题型的解题方法大致类似。可先将含有明显错误的选项予以排除，那么，剩下的选项就必定是正确的选项。此类题型需要熟记知识点 3. 判断型：特点：此题型要求学生对基础知识作出“是”或“不是”的判断，主要用于考查学生对政治是非、理论是非的判断能力。考生只要记住教材中的基本概念、基本原理、基本观点等基础知识就能正确回答出来。方法：解答这种题型的方法，是把题肢与题干联系起来，用记住的知识去挑选正确的题肢。例题 3：现代企业制度的典型形式是( 2006 年单选第 7 题) A、股份制 B、股份合作制 C、合伙制 D、公司制 (D) 识记水平类是较为简单的一类题型。拿到高分必须熟记知识点没有什么捷径可走

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used inboth_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, ―Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cou sins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similarfriends_(13)_‖functional Kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findin gs do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Ju an Carlos of Spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ―mere‖ politics and ―embody‖ a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs‘ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutistcounterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy‘s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility‘s adherence to their privileges24. T he British royals ―have most to fear‖ because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California‘s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California‘s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s purse. The court has ruled that police don‘t violate the Fourth Amendment when theysift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution‘s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn‘t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California‘s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution‘s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects‘ phone contents without being a uthorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author‘s attitude toward California‘s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one‘s p hone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one‘s residence.[B] handling one‘s historical records.[C] scanning one‘s correspondences.[D] going through one‘s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens‘ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr‘s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California‘s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.―Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: ―The creation of the ‗statistics board‘ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science‘s overa ll drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.‖Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ He agreed to join because he ―found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.‖John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is ―a most welcome step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,‖ he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line,―engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. Vaux says that Science‘s idea to pass some papers to statisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‗the papers that need scrutiny‘ in the first place‖.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase ―flagged up‖ (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science‘s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers‘ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors‘ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch‘s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the ―unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions‖ Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only ―sorting mechanism ‖in society should be profit and the market .But ―it‘s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ‖.Driving her point home, sh e continued: ―It‘s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.‖ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today‘s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies‘ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books‘s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ―true‖ meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn‘t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will alsodo-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn‘t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author‘s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text‘s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tideof emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.―To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.‖ said one recorder of events, ―The air at twelve leagues‘ distance smelt as sweet as anew-blow n garden.‖ The colonists‘ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会。

2015考研英语真题+答案+解析

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)①Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. ②That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .①The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. ②The same people were used in both5 .①While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. ②As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.”①The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. ②Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now.③10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. ④There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional kinship” of being friends with 14 !①One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving15 than other genes. ②Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.①The findings do not simply explain people‟s 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. ②Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. ③The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.1. [A] what [B] why [C] how [D] when2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] by [D] on4. [A] separated [B] sought [C] compared [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C] samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C] unreliable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] know [D] seek8. [A] surpass [B] influence [C] favor [D] resemble9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C] from [D] like12. [A] limit [B] observe [C] confuse [D] drive13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B] responses [C] benefits [D] missions15. [A] faster [B] slower [C] later [D] earlier16. [A] forecast [B] remember [C] express [D] understand17. [A] unpredictable [B] contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] tendency [B] decision [C] arrangement [D] endeavor19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don‟t abdicate, they die in their sleep.”②But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. ③So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? ④Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?①The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. ②When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.①It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs‟ continuing popularity as heads of states. ②And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). ③But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.①Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. ②Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. ③At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.①The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. ②Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). ③Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe‟s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.①It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy‟s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. ②The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. ③He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. ④Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‟s worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain _______.[A] used to enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] eased his relationship with his rivals[D] ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly _______.[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats‟ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility‟s adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles _______.[A] takes a tough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D] Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2①Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? ②The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.①California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. ②It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.①The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California‟s advice. ②Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.①They should start by discarding Cal ifornia‟s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‟s purse. ②The court has ruled that police don‟t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. ③But exploring one‟s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. ④A smartphone may contain an arrestee‟s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. ⑤The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.①Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. ②But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. ③Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution‟s prohibition on unreasonable searches.①As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn‟t ease the challenge of line-drawing. ②In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. ③They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. ④The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.①But the justices should not swallow California‟s argument whole. ②New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution‟s protections. ③Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_______.[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents[B] search for suspects‟ mobile phones without a warrant[C] check suspects‟ phone contents without being authorized[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones27. The author‟s attitude toward California‟s argument is one of_______.[A] disapproval[B] indifference[C] tolerance[D]cautiousness28. The author believes that exploring one‟s phone contents is comparable to_______.[A] getting into one‟s residence[B] handling one‟s historical records[C] scanning one‟s correspondences[D] going through one‟s wallet29. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that_______.[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed[B] the court is giving police less room for action[C] citizens‟ privacy is not effe ctively protected[D] phones are used to store sensitive information30. Orin Kerr‟s comparison is quoted to indicate that_______.[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution[C]Cal ifornia‟s argument violates principles of the Constitution[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3①The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. ②The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.①“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. ②Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE).③Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal‟s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. ④The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.①Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the …statistics board‟ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science‟s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”①Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, is a member of the SBoRE group. ②He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”③He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. ④This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”①John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.”②“Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. ③I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. ④But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.①Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. ②Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engagin g reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. ③Vaux says that Science‟s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to id entify …the papers that need scrutiny‟ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that _______.[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to_______.[A] found[B] marked[C] revised[D] stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may _______.[A] pose a threat to all its peers[B] meet with strong opposition[C] increase Science‟s circulation[D] set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now _______.[A] adds to researcher s‟ workload[B] diminishes the role of reviewers[C] has room for further improvement[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors‟ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4①Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch‟s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. ②Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market.③But “it‟s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.①Driving her point home, she continued: “It‟s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” ②This same absence of moral purpose waswounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .①As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stand. ②Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. ③This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. ④Others await trial. ⑤This long story still unfolds.①In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. ②One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. ③The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.①In today‟s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. ②Perhaps we should not be so surprised. ③For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. ④The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. ⑤Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.①The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. ②It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. ③Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by_______.[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies‟ financial loss due to immoral practices[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions38. The author believes the Rebekah Books‟s defence_______.[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows_______.[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral code40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central in news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41) ______________________________ You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where？The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42) ______________________________ Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) ______________ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _____________________ This doesn‟t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)____________________ Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn‟t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a givencourse? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on atrain or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age andsocial class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presentedin the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, imageor reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, orabout its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, notnecessarily as mouthpieces for the author‟s own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might calltextual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text‟s formal structures (so especiall y its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough foodallotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues‟ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists‟ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2015年试题精读透析Section ⅠUse of English (10 points)1. A2. B3. D4. C5. C6. A7. C8. D9. B 10. D11. B 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 16.D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A Section ⅡReading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. C Part B (10 points)41. C 42. E 43. G 44. B 45. APart C (10 points)46. 这场移民运动由各种强大的动机所推动，在一片荒野之中创立了一个国家，并且，就其本质而言，它也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和决定了它的命运。

2015年大连外国语大学二外韩国语考研笔记,复试真题,考研真题,考研经验

1/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

一、考查目标研究生入学二外韩国语考试旨在考查考生对韩国语词汇、语法、惯用语等的掌握情况，阅读一般性文章的能力，以及韩汉互译的能力。

二、考试的总体要求考生的韩国语能力要求达到中级水平。

具体要求如下：1.词汇方面熟练掌握3000个左右常用词汇；认知2000个左右的次常用词汇；能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文判断一些非常用词的词义。

2.语法方面掌握主要的语法知识：动词、形容词的活用，以及时、体、态的用法；各类助词、连接语尾、终结语尾、接续副词、补助词，以及常用敬语的用法；各种句型及惯用型的用法。

3.阅读方面具有较强的阅读能力：读速为每分钟150字；能够把握主旨和大意；了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节；根据材料所提供的信息进行推理；领会材料作者的观点和态度。

4.翻译方面具有一定的翻译能力：正确理解韩国语原文，用汉语准确表达原2/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2文所述内容；根据汉语原文，用韩国语正确表达相关内容。

三、考试的内容及分值1．词汇及语法知识65分2．阅读15分3．翻译20分四、考试的题型及比例1．词汇单项选择15%2．格助词、补助词、连接语尾、接续副词单项选择30%3.完型填空单项选择10%4.根据所给内容完成对话10%5．韩译汉10%本题为短文或若干个句子，总体字数约为200—300字。

本题选文的难度、题材、体裁等与第七部分相同。

6．汉译韩10%翻译内容为若干句子或短文，字数为100—200字。

本题选文的内容、体裁等与第七部分相同。

2015年大连外国语大学语言学试题示例考研真题,考研重点,真题解析

1/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

试题示例I.Mark the following statements with “T”if they are true or “F”if they are false (10points)1.If we are not fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language,we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity.2.A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound and cannot be further analyzed.3.Anthropological linguistics refers to the approach which studies language over various periods of time and at various historical stages.……II.Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word with the hint of the initial letter (Write complete word forms on your answer sheet).(10points)1. 1.The r theory is a theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the real world.2.R is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular style of language and its context of use.3.V is made with the back of the tongue and the soft palate.An example in English is [k]as in cat .……III.Mark the choice that best completes the statement (30points)1.______function constructs a model of experience and logical relations.A.InterpersonalB.TextualC.MetalingualD.Ideational2.___________is not the term used to classify the English consonants in terms of manner of articulation.A.ApproximantteralC.PlosiveD.Bilabial3.In the following word ______,the articulation of bilabial is not manifested.A.pet B .met C.how D.web4.Triphthongal glides in English can be heard in the word .A.tideB.toy C how D.wire……2/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2IV.Answer the following questions briefly (40points)e your linguistic knowledge of sense relations to explain what makes the following humorous.(10points)a.Question:Why was Six afraid?Answer:Because Seven Eight Nine.cation kills by degrees.2.What design feature/s of language does each of the following language phenomena show?Explain briefly why you think so.(10points)a.cir →encircle or circularb.我感冒了=I have a cold /I caught a cold.（English ）=Hargab baa ku haya.(Somali)=T áslaghd án ort.(Irish)=나는감기에걸렸다.(Korean)c.小虎:妈妈，我昨晚梦见你带我去迪斯尼乐园了。

2015年考研英语(一)深度解析：完型

2015年考研英语（一）深度解析：完型1. [A] what【解析】此题考查疑问代词辨析：题干中过去分词短语published from the University of California and Yale University…作后置定语，修饰study，而真正的句子主干是That is 1 a study has 2 .简化后的句子可以让我们清晰地看出第一题要说的是研究study的具体内容是what，不是方式how，也不是原因why，更不是时间when。

2. [B] concluded【解析】此题考查动词辨析：同第一题一样，根据简化的句子That is what a study has 2 来解题。

题目选择的动词是说明study怎样才有了上面what表示的内容。

所以此题选择concluded“推断;得出结论”。

其他的动词据不符合要求。

3. [D] on【解析】此题考查介词辨析：根据题干The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects的要求，所选择的介词能用在conduct“实施;进行”之后，又得和subject 搭配，所以这个题目应该选择on，构成on some subjects“关于某类主题”。

4. [C] compared【解析】此题考查动词辨析：通过观察题干，我们发现第4题位于which引导的定语从句之内，作从句的谓语动词。

Which修饰主句的主语study“研究”，如此补全定语从句就是：The study 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers…所以正确答案选择C。

该项研究是对比所选择的两个样本。

其他选项都不符合题意。

5. [C] samples【解析】此题考查名词辨析：The same people were used in both 5 .通过观察题干，我们发现第5题空前的单词是both，表示“两者都…”。

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如何调节自己的情绪
了，和朋友聊天，出去
散心都是很好调节心情的方法。实在学不进去了，也不要逼迫自己去学，那样只会适得其反。
同时，在复习的过程中，不要询问你身边同学的复习进度，这样只会给自己压力，做好自己的
3
3/9
【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
达到“事半功倍”。相信现在还有很多同学仍然没有确定自己的目标专业院校，一直抱着等等看或者船到桥头自然直的态度，就这么在摸索中复习着。虽然，我们也是在学习，在进步，但是这种指向性不明确针对性不准确的复习，肯定会消耗掉我们的一些精力和时间。只有目标明确，才能有的放矢，事半功倍。
三、考研复习切莫“马大哈” 很多同学复习时，遇到相对比较晦涩的内容，就选择放弃，或者想放到以后再解决。但其实最初的学习一定要把书本吃透，只有把复习资料一字不落地看一遍，才能在脑中形成完整的提纲，这样在后期学习时才能将脉络理清，也方便于后期的查缺补漏。考研的复习资料的确有些枯燥，但大家可以稍微“苦中作乐”，例如政治的复习，大家就可以自编顺口溜，方便记忆，这样的创意大家还可以在网上同朋友共享，既帮助大家学习，也可以交流一下心得。复习初期一定不要手懒，建议考生准备一本复习日记，每日将自己复习的内容记下来，慢慢积累多了，便会非常有成就感，同时可以帮助监督自己的复习进度。
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
就可以了，别人的都不要理睬，当然不会的问题在一起相互交流下还是很好的。
一路下来，无论你到最后复习的怎么样，都要坚持下来，因为坚持到底就是胜利，无论你最后是考上了还是没有考上，都不会有遗憾，因为已经努力过了，顺利走了过来，即使没有考上，你也学到了很多知识，心理素质也得到了锻炼，对自己影响还是很大的。考研也是一种经历，是人生中很难忘的回忆。坚持，终会笑到最后。
285 法语或 286 韩国语（非朝鲜族）
（笔试）
或 287 西班牙语
2 二外听力
③661 语言学
3 综合面试
④861 英美文学
这里所指的捷径并不是“速成班”、
“点金法”，而是合理步骤，让你能够
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
业院校，通俗点说，只有确定了这些，才知道光在哪里，才知道劲儿往哪里使。针对这一点，
提醒考生要进行资源整合，并制定相应的学习计划。因为知道该往哪里努力之后，接下来就需
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
冷静的分析，综合考虑自身的经济状况、职业规划、追求目的、利弊得失等情况“对症下药”。
二、考研复习初期莫打“疲劳战” 在整个考研复习过程中，最关键的一点就是要保持一如既往的平静心态，好的心态可以让我们事半功倍!提醒考生，在复习时要注意劳逸结合，放弃疲劳战术，有计划地锻炼身体，做到放松身体而不放松意志。或许大家会觉得疑惑，由于复习初期无法适应高强度的复习，所以大家的身体已经很疲惫了，为什么还要锻炼呢?很多考生正是因为之前不注意锻炼，身体无法承载高强度的学习，才使得自己没有太多的精力和体力面度复习。身体素质对考研人来说是非常重要的，所以大家可以依据身体情况适当地进行锻炼，比如可以每天早上 6：15 起床，慢跑 15 分钟，然后再去吃饭和自习。锻炼需要的时间并不多，却可以带来身体上的充实感和极好的精神状态。很多成功考生的实践证明，健康的身体是考研的保障。
要大家动嘴动脑，甚至“动手动脚”了。动嘴就是要多问问老师或者学长，问问目标专业院校
的情况，包括报录比、导师、传统、专业材料等一系列信息，当然，这也可以通过网上信息查
询。动脑就需要大家想想通向目标的路上，有多少阻碍，如何克服。“动手动脚”，就是需要
同学们眼疾手快，良好的信息捕捉能力及掌握能力，有时候条件允许最好能够到报考学校亲身
02 应用语言学
03 翻译理论与实践
①101 思想政治理论
复试：
②282 日语或 283 俄语或 284 德语或 1 综合英语
285 法语或 286 韩国语（非朝鲜族）
（笔试）
或 287 西班牙语
2 二外听力
③661 语言学
3 综合面试
④861 英美文学
①101 思想政治理论
复试：
②282 日语或 283 俄语或 284 德语或 1 综合英语
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
一、考研切莫跟风，不要三分钟热度很多考生之所以失败了，就是没有控制力。学了一阵儿之后就想玩儿，看别人出去购物了，出去玩儿了就想跟着走，即使没有走，坐在那里也学不进去，浮想联翩。这类学生绝对不在少数，对于绝大部分同学而言，自制力似乎是大家最为欠缺的东西，或者说大家做事总喜欢三分钟热度。很多同学一开始复习时往往雄心壮志一箩筐，但坚持一两个星期后便叫苦不迭，然后就东一榔头西一棒子地翻书，效率和结果自然是惨不忍睹。这类考生首先在态度上就存在偏差，考研不是闹着玩，大家要摆正态度再能把心思放在考研复习上。同时，我们的考研辅导专家表示，目前学科交叉的趋势越来越明显，加上越来越多新兴学科的出现，跨专业考研数量增多是正常现象。但“隔行如隔山”，跨专业报考的难度系数在考研中是最大的，盲目跨专业有“满盘皆输”的危险。考生如果基本功不扎实，即使考上研究生也会出现就业难，有些跨专业学生还在专业学习上出现了严重的“水土不服”、“消化不良”。所以一再提醒，考生应该对跨专业考研的情势进行
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
四、考研复习莫要“明日复明日” 2014 考研已结束，2015 考研近在咫尺，考生不免诸多感慨，有的还沉浸在紧张的情绪中无所适从，有的是对结果不满意而有些抑郁，建议考生，现阶段应总结经验，向着新的目标前进，不论有什么打算都要提早做好准备，莫要“拖延症”作祟，须知“明日复明日，明日何其多。” 现阶段，大家要确定新目标，制定新计划，马不停蹄，奔向未来。新目标代表着努力的方向，建议大家在确定新的目标之前，首先对自己做一个全面的分析，问问自己是否还要坚持考研?是否此次失利是由于自身努力不够?是否对考研还怀抱信念?如果答案全部都是肯定的，那么毫无疑问，你一定要鼓起勇气，再战考场，杀一个漂亮的回马枪。建议考生新计划的制定要从眼下开始，在我们的复习计划中还应对每个阶段应该做什么都有个详细的说明，例如，在最初的基础阶段，我要把政治的所有内容详细地看一遍，滴水不漏，对整个学科的框架有个大体的印象。有明确的步骤才能将计划详尽地实施。有了目标，有了计划，再加上十成的决心和信心，相信大家一定能冲破心理瓶颈，不管现阶段心情是低迷期也好，亢奋期也罢，希望大家能够正视自己，辩证分析自己，总结经验，马不停蹄冲向未来。
2015 年大连外国语大学考研指导
育明教育，创始于 2006 年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
在日常生活中，
不知有没有察觉到，都
存在一些影响效率的
坏习惯。本来可以按时
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
完成工作的，可是这些习惯却使我们的效率和产量低下。那么对于考研备考，你是否也存在着拖沓、粗心的一些坏习惯呢？2015 的考研同学，为了提升复习效率，取得考研成果，那从现在起就请和与坏习惯绝交。
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
紧迫感会贯穿复习的始末，张弛有度才能让考生坚持下来，这就要求考生合理分配疲劳期的时间。提醒考生，考研复习需要坚定的信念和意志力，它需要你不断地坚持，才能看到胜利的曙光。而且，考研复习的内容可以用海量来形容，所以学习时间是非常紧凑的，所以大家在投入复习之前首先要把心态调整好。首先要给自己一个缓冲的时间，让自己慢慢进入学习状态，不要一上来就把自己扔在书桌前，这样势必会让自己产生厌学的情绪，不利于学习。然后，就要遵照一个循序渐进的过程学习，慢慢加大学习力度。总之，复习初期，不要轻易陷入“疲劳战”中，这样会给后面的复习带来恶性循环。
感受。
“捷径”不是康路。考研复习很
苦很累，这毕竟是一个让你从懒散的大学生
活一下子过
渡到紧张学
习的过程，有
一定的难度。考研不仅是学习能力的锻炼，更是心理素质的考验，这两者缺一不可。在复习过
程中，心态尤为重要，考研生活很枯燥乏味，有的时候真的很容易让人放弃，这个时候就看你
尽早确定目标专业院校有很多同学认识不到目标对于行为指导的意义，以及对成功的重大影响力，也有同学自认为确定了目标，具体问了才知道原来所谓的目标就是考研，这个目标太宽泛了，指导不了我们的行为，起码不能很好的指导我们。那么，什么样的目标才是合适的呢？确定的目标专业院校，通俗点说，只有确定了这些，才知道光在哪里，才知道劲儿往哪里使。针对这一点，提醒考生要进行资源整合，并制定相应的学习计划。因为知道该往哪里努力之后，接下来就需要大家动嘴动脑，甚至“动手动脚”了。动嘴就是要多问问老师或者学长，问问目标专业院校的情况，包括报录比、导师、传统、专业材料等一系列信息，当然，这也可以通过网上信息查询。动脑就需要大家想想通向目标的路上，有多少阻碍，如何克服。“动手动脚”，就是需要同学们眼疾手快，良好的信息捕捉能力及掌握能力，有时候条件允许最好能够到报考学校亲身感受。 “捷径”不是康庄大道考研的捷径并不是畅通无阻的康庄大道，而是布满荆棘的羊肠小路。考研复习很苦很累，这毕竟是一个让你从懒散的大学生活一下子过渡到紧张学习的过程，有一定的难度。考研不仅是学习能力的锻炼，更是心