上海初一牛津英语重点讲解

重点讲解

一、动词

动词分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。

1实义动词，实义动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.).既无动词后需跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，需要一个介词才能跟宾语。

及物动词：give, tell, send等He gave me a present.

不及物动词：work, swim, arrive,等He arrived late.

注：实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词

2.系动词：本身有词义，不能单独用作谓语，必须跟表语构成系表结构

（1）表状态类得系动词：be, remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, sit, lie, prove, turn out, work out, seem, appear etc. 如：

The search proved difficult.

（2）表告感觉类得系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look etc. 如：

This flower smells very sweet.

（3）表变化类得系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run, make etc. 如：

He became a doctor two years ago.

变化类系动词辨析

go ①由好到坏或由正常到不常的变化②“保持” go bad；go blind；go mad; go hungry (unreported, unnoticed)

come变成为（已知的状态）；证实为come true; come right

run“变成” run short；run dry

turn成为与以前完全不同的东西。多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词。如：The trees turn red in autumn.

fall“进入（某种状态）；成为” fall asleep；fall ill；fall lame；fall silent

get “变成，变得……起来”。较口语化。强调“逐渐后接形容词、分词、介词短语。”如：The days are getting longer and longer.

become “成为”，普通用语，多表示过去完成的事。become+a(n)+名词如：

He became angry with me.

grow“渐渐变得……起来；长得”，强调其变化过程。常可接表示天气的形容词。如：It’s growing warm.

appear“显得，好像”，常用于正式文体中。指给他人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。appear to be/adj./n./prep. appear to do;It appears that...;appear as if/though 如：The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.

seem“似乎，好像”。指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。seem to be/adj./n./prep.seem to do；It seems that...;seems as if /though如：

She seemed as if she couldn’t understand why Laura was there .

look“好像，看起来”，一般用于非正式场合。侧重由视觉得到的印象。look+adj./n./prep. look like;look as if/though 如：

It looks as if we are going to have snow.

3.助动词：本身没有词义，用以帮助构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句、倒装句等结构。不可单独使用，须与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语。如：be, have, do, shall和will的各种形式如：

Never will I come back

助动词的用法

助动词有be (am, is, are, was, were, been), have(has, had), do(does, did), will(would), shall(should)。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。

（1）助动词be (am, is, are, were, been)的用法

结构用法例句

be+现在分词构成进行时态They are having a meeting.

be+过去分词构成被动语态The window was broken by

Tom.

be to do sth. 表示计划、安排或命令He is to go to New York next

week.

be going to do sth. 表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生

某事Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.

助动词have (has, had)的用法

结构用法例句

have+过去分词构成完成时态He has left for London.

Have you seen the film?

He had left for London before I

came.

have been+现在分词构成完成进行时态What have you been doing

these days?

助动词do(does, did) 的用法

结构用法例句

do+主语+动词原形构成一般疑问句Did you study German?