翻译练习一

1、上个世纪90年代以来，气候问题日渐被世人关注并演化成为一个全球政治议题。

20年的气候谈判展现出气候政治博弈的复杂局面，利益主体的分化和博弈主题的扩展造成了气候政治合作这一全球性难题。

在这样的背景下，我国应当做出如下战略选择加以应对：一是掌握主动，坚持低碳发展；二是积极应对，争取话语优势；三是广泛参与，改造游戏规则。

2、徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。

他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结论。

他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。

为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。

3、一档在国内异常火爆的电视比赛节目，引发了不少人的焦虑——大家书写汉字的能力正在不断衰退。

电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及，致使很多年轻人都拿起了笔却写不来字。

若不借助电子产品的提醒，不少人连常用的那一万多个汉字都会想不起该怎么写。

复杂的汉字书写体系是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝，而这一体系正不可避免地面临着退化的命运。

4、从10月1日起，中国“草根英雄”（也称“感动2013人物”）第三季度网络人物评选正式启动。

评选活动由新华社发起并主办。

网友可以通过网站、微博和手机应用三种方式为心中最爱的“草根英雄”投票。

评选将从20位候选人中选出10位主要事迹在道德和社会领域引起过广泛关注的网络人物。

陕西省28年治沙73000公顷“逐梦大漠”的牛玉琴，即是候选人之一。

5、在中国，喝茶是一种仪式（ritual），一种精致的品味（refined taste）的展示。

人们在饮茶的同时，也领略品茶的情趣之意。

喝茶聊天是中国人最流行的打发时间的方式。

过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆而开始一天的生活。

中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。

人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶，也是为了议论当地的新闻货就政治话题进行激烈的辩论。

6、旅游业是近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众越来越多的注意。

许多人给报纸写信，就促进中国旅游业的发展提出了种种建议。

人们的看法是，发展旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解和友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。

还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金。

7、意大利著名旅行家马可。

波罗(Marco Pole)曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己社在天堂。

”在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。

”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。

西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。

在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步(stroll)街头闹市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。

8、目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。

保护野生动物，也就是保护人娄自己。

我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧! 否则，地球将毁灭在人类手中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。

9、农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日——中秋节。

在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。

此时，大人们吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁拉着灯笼尽情玩耍。

中秋节最早可能是一个庆祝丰收的节日。

后来，月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神话故事赋予了它神话色彩。

此后，每年中秋月圆之时，人们向月宫仙女嫦娥祈福的传说便流传开来。

10、端午节，又称为五五节，因为端午节是在农历的五月五日，它是中国重要的节庆之一。

这个节日是为了纪念楚国(the Chu Emperor) 的大夫屈原，他因为对朝廷(court) 的贪污腐败感到绝望而投河自尽。

镇上的人纷纷冲上船去救他，却没有成功。

后来大家把米撒到水里，希望把饥饿的鱼群从他的躯体边引开。

多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐渐演变成赛龙舟和吃粽子(一种包在竹叶中的米食)的传统。

11、春节是中国最重要的节日，也是大家所熟悉的中国新年。

对于中国人来说，这个节日的重要性如同圣诞节对于西方人。

具体的节庆日期是由农历（lunar calendar）而不是由公历（Gregorian calendar）决定的。

所以，春节的节庆日期一般在元月下旬与二月上旬之间。

新年的准备活动自腊月底（农历年底）开始，人们忙于扫尘，还清债务，理发，置新衣。

人们也会在家中或到庙里烧香（burn incense）祭祖，祈求老天爷保佑平安。

12、原文：中国日益扩大的国际接触对其进步一直是至关重要的。

中国能够在已取得的经济成功的基础上进一步发展，关键是它进入了世界市场。

让我们看几个统计数字。

1979年以来，外贸占中国国民生产总值（Gross National Product/GNP）的比重从10%上升到45%。

融入世界市场已成为中国经济生活的一个基本事实。

继之而来的是融入世界投资体系。

外国资金大量流入中国，外资存量（reserve of foreign funds）从1989年的50亿美元上升到1994年的近900亿美元。

13、我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。

在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。

14、一周七天不间断的学习，这些学生的生活的每一分钟都在为高考准备，因为高考决定了他们的命运。

对于那些来自贫困或者农村家庭的孩子们来说，在这场考试中好好表现，毫无置疑是他们爬上社会阶梯并成功的唯一的方法。

竞争是激烈的，大部分的高中生最后不得不被分配到职业学校去。

15、污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。

许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。

现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。

人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。

伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。

于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。

这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。

许多人认为，人类没有尽快地解决这一问题，却只顾谋求私利，以致于到了无可挽救的地步以后才充分认识到这种兵贵神速。

16、现在大学生的学习压力相当重。

除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。

总之，他们就像一个机器人。

压力大，时间少，功课多。

看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。

一想到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。

他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。

读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。

17、新年春节刚过，农村的破旧小车站就挤满了成千上万的农民。

他们只有一个目的，到城市去。

八十年代处，农村的改革，使得千千万万的农民从土地上解放了出来，纷纷跑到城市找工作。

自那以后，这种大规模的民工潮一直使城市感到头痛。

这不仅是因为对城市设施造成了极大的压力，而且他们担心会引发许多社会矛盾。

所以外来民工往往补被看成二等公民，不能成为城市居民，孩子不能在城市读书。

但是另一方面，城市和经济开发区的发展急切需要大批劳力到工厂和建设工地。

而且政府也感到如果不让农民出来。

而农民的不满加剧，会导致社会动乱。

18、不同的人对退休持不同的态度。

有些人认为退休后可以好好享受晚年的生活。

但真的退下来了，他们则有点失望。

看到自己就要被抛到废物堆里，他们不甘认命，设法另找事干来发挥自己的于热，以继续得到收入。

另一些人则对一生中这样一个重大变动早有准备。

他们一生为工作操劳，现在筋疲力尽了，渴望退休后能放松拉紧的弦，好好休息。

由于不再需要每天早晨去赶公共汽车了，不再要为晋级虑。

就可以有足够的时间去追求童年时的梦想，如写写书、画画图、种种花、周游各地。

总的来说，没有像男的一样感到可怕。

19、当我们从全球的角度来看环境问题时，首先注意的是环境问题引起人们的各种担心。

发达国家担心的是大气和水的污染，能源的紧张，城市对农村面积的不断蚕食。

发展中国家最担心的是营养不良，人口增长，水源不足，缺少教育和就业机会。

20、这次长江流域的水灾是44年来最严重的。

官方的数字表明已有2000多人死亡，1380万人被迫离开家园。

占中国总耕地面积3%的450万公顷的农作物被毁。

工厂被迫停工，产量受到影响。

客运的货运也被迫中断。

在未来的许多岁月里，人民都会感受到洪灾对中国经济的总体影响。

尽管损失如此严重，举国上下，展民与洪水的斗争是非常值得称赞的。

在抗洪斗争中，中国人民显示了令人叹服的守堤防洪的能力，例如这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤，将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。

事实上，差不多有数百万平民百姓参加了这一人类巨大的斗争。

1.Since the 1990's, climate problems have become a global concern asa topic on the world political agenda. Climate negotiations in thepast 20 years have ended in a complicated situation of political gameon climate, and the differentiation of the interest subjects and the extension of the theme of the game have become a global dilemma in the political cooperation on climate. Under such circumstances, China should respond with the following strategic choices: 1. taking the initiative in our own hands and sticking to low-carbon emission development; 2. making active responses and striving for a bigger say;and 3. taking an extensive participation, and trying to reform the game rule2.Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime,covering almost the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat.Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous roads and lonely woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights.3. A televised contest that has become hugely popular in China has ledto nationwide hand-wrin ging over the population’s increasing inability to write Chinese characters. The rapid rise of computers and smartphones has left most young people barely able to write by hand, with many unable to recall the estimated 10,000 characters used in daily life without an electronic prompt. The country’s complex writing system, a highly prized treasure of its ancient culture, is entering an inexorable decline.4.Online voting kicked off on October 1st to select China’s grassrootsheroes or “Good Samaritans” for the third quarter of 2013. Initiated and sponsored by Xinhua News Agency, netizens can vote for their favorites online or via microblogs and mobile applications. A total of 10 individuals will be selected from 20 candidates known for actions that have drawn attention to moral and societal issues.Shaanxi Province’s NiuYuqin, who over the last 28 years has planted over 73,000 hectares of trees to control desertification, is among the candidates.5.Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refinedtaste. While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself. Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese. In the past, they would start the day with a visit to awell-known teahouse. Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs. People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have intensive debates on political matters.6.Tourism, a fast developing business over the last two decades in allparts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public. Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China. It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science and technology.Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for China’s great cause.7.The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by thebeauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; OnEarth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.”Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who isalways charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find ita joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishesand buy some special local products.8.At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautifulnature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal. Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations. Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.9."ZhongQiuJie", which is also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, iscelebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is a time for family members and loved ones to get together and enjoy the full moon - a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run around with their lanterns. "ZhongQiuJie" probably began as a harvest festival. The festival was later given a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon. Thus startedthe legend of the lady in the moon to whom people would pray at the Mid-Autumn Festival.10.The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, iscelebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar. It is one of the most important Chinese festivals. The festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor. Despairing over corruption at court, Qu threw himself intoa river. Townspeople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to savehim. Then, hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, the people scattered r ice on the water. Over the years, the story of Qu’s demise transformed into the traditions of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi – a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo leaves.11.The most important holiday in China is the Spring Festival, which isalso known as the Chinese New Year. To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to the westerners. The date for this annual celebration is determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies form late January to early February. Preparations for the New Year begin on the final days of the last lunar month when most families clean their homes, pay their debts, have their hair cut and buy new clothes.People also burn incense at home or in the temples to pay respect to their ancestors and to pray to the God for a happy life in the coming year.12.China’s growing international engagement has been vital to herprogress. The key to sustaining and building on early economic success was China’s move into the world markets. Let’s consider a couple of statistics. Since 1979 foreign trade, as a share of China’s GNP has risen from 10% to 45%. Integration in the world markets became a bare fact of Chinese economic life. With that came integration into the world investment system. Foreign funds flowed into China in a spectacular way. The reserve of foreign funds grew form ＄5 billion in 1989 to nearly 90 billion by 1994.13.1）广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land2)给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing3）纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its length and breadth4）广大的森林，丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits5）给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seasChina is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.每一分钟都在为高考准备are regimented(严格地管制) almost every minute of the day as they prepare for 不得不被分配到be relegated（归入，把降低到）to14.Studying seven days a week, the students’lives are regimented(严格地管制) almost every minute of the day as they prepare for the end-of-year exam that can determine their fate. For many students from poor or rural backgrounds, a strong performance on the test is the only way to climb the social ladder and excel without connections. Competition is fierce and the majority of high school seniors will be relegated（归入，把降低到）to vocational schools.15.Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated andindustrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.2) Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. 3) Now “growth”industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air water and land.5) This ris e in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.6) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.7) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.16.College students now bear heavy academic pressure.2) You will findthem—except seniors who are beginning to look for a job—always too busy in studies to join campus organizations too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities too busy to share the interests of their friends and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies.3) In short they have become nothing but a robot.4) They are under pressure to do too much workin too little time.5) If their roommates are studying in the library until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie they will feel guilty.6) The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make them uncomfortable and sleepless all night.7) They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people.8) The pursuit of college education costs them too much personal happiness and health.17.Only a few days after the Lunar New Year in dilapidated little railwaystations throughout the countryside millions of peasants are gathering with a single purpose to get to the cities.3,4) Even since the early 1980s when the agricultural reform freed millions of farmers to seek city jobs the mass not just because of the pressure it puts on infrastructure.5) Many fear that migration on such a giant scale will lead to social strain,6) As a result they have treated the migrants as second-class citizens.6) For instance workers form the rural heartland are denied the right to settle down as permanent residents and to send their children to city schools.7) But on the other hand in booming cities and special economic zones factories and construction sites need all the labor they can get.8,9) And the government believe that if the rural masses did not get a share of and poor countryside would further widen leading to a building-upresentment that might fuel social unrest.18.Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.2) Somepeople think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3) but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.4) Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provede.5) Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.6) Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.7) As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream such as writing painting growing flowers and traveling around.8) On the whole female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers.9) Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man.19.When we examine environmental problems in a global context thefirst thing that impresses us is the variety of concerns they evode.2, 3) Whereas in the developed world the focus is on air and waterpollution the energy shortage and chewing up of the rural areas by urban sprawl the concern of the developing countries will most likely center on malnutrition population growth insufficiency of water the lack of education and jobs.20.The floods in the Yangtze River basin are the worst in 44 years.2)Official figures indicate that more than 2000 people have been drowned and 13.8 million have been driven from their jhomes.3) Crops have been destroyed on 4.5 million hectares.3 percent of China’s t otal cropland.4) Industrial output has suffered as factories have had to shut.5) The transportation of goods and people has been disrupted.6) The overall effect on China’s economy will be felt for many months.7/8) Despite the serious damage China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide effort to deal with flooding during which the Chinese have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for shoring up dikes and protecting themselves from flooding.9) For example 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded.10) Literally millions of civilians are involved in this enormous human effort.。