2015贵州大学考博英语题型分析
贵州民族大学考博英语真题
贵州民族大学考博英语真题1、It’s raining heavily outside. Don’t leave _______ it stops. [单选题] *A. whileB. sinceC. until(正确答案)D. when2、It took a long time to _______ Tom to go shopping with me. [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. persuade(正确答案)D. talk3、_____he was seriously ill, I wouldn’t have told him the truth. [单选题] *A.If I knewB.Had I known(正确答案)C.Did I knowD.Were I known4、( )He gave us____ on how to keep fit. [单选题] *A. some advicesB. some advice(正确答案)C. an adviceD. a advice5、There ______ a football match and a concert this weekend.（）[单选题] *A. isB. haveC. will be(正确答案)D. will have6、We should have breakfast every day to keep ______. [单选题] *A. healthB. healthy(正确答案)C. healthilyD. the healthy7、--Whose _______ are these?? ? ? --I think they are John·s. [单选题] *A. keyB. keyesC. keys(正确答案)D. keies8、Sometimes Americans are said to be _____. [单选题] *A superficially friendB superficial friendC. superficial friendlyD. superficially friendly(正确答案)9、Li Jing often helps me ______ my geography.（）[单选题] *A. atB. inC. ofD. with(正确答案)10、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(正确答案)11、You cannot see the doctor _____ you have made an appointment with him. [单选题] *A. exceptB.evenC. howeverD.unless(正确答案)12、A good teacher is able to_____a complicated idea in very simple terms. [单选题] *A.put across(正确答案)B.break upC.work outD.bring out13、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] * A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly14、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] *A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What15、There _____ wrong with my radio. [单选题] *A. are somethingB. are anythingC. is anythingD. is something(正确答案)16、Jim will _______ New York at 12 o’clock. [单选题] *A. get onB. get outC. get offD. get to(正确答案)17、She _______ be here. [单选题] *A. is gladB. is so glad to(正确答案)C. am gladD. is to18、9．There will be a lot of activities at English Festival nest month. Which one would you like to ________? [单选题] *A．take part in (正确答案)B．joinC．attendD．go19、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known20、Lucy _______ at 7:00 every day. [单选题] *A. go to schoolB. goes to school(正确答案)C. to go to schoolD. went?to?school21、You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, ____ you won’t pass the course. [单选题] *A. andB. soC. butD. or(正确答案)22、Last week they _______ in climbing the Yuelu Mountain. [单选题] *A. succeeded(正确答案)B. succeedC. successD. successful23、_______, making some DIY things is fashionable. [单选题] *A. Stand outB. In ones opinionC. In my opinion(正确答案)D. Out of fashion24、11．________ big furniture shop it is! [单选题] *A．HowB．WhatC．What a (正确答案)D．What an25、—Who came to your office today, Ms. Brown?—Sally came in. She hurt ______ in P. E. class. （）[单选题] *A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself(正确答案)26、Could you please ______ why you can’t come to attend the meeting? [单选题] *A. explain(正确答案)B. understandC. giveD. reach27、Don’t forget _______ those books when you are free. [单选题] *A. to read(正确答案)B. readingC. readD. to reading28、Which animal do you like _______, a cat, a dog or a bird? [单选题] *A. very muchB. best(正确答案)C. betterD. well29、7．—I've got some ________.—Great! I'd like to write with it. [单选题] * A．funB．chalk(正确答案)C．waterD．time30、He was proud of what he had done. [单选题] *A. 对…感到自豪(正确答案)B. 对…感到满足C. 对…表示不满D. 对…表示后悔。
2015~2017年中国社会科学院考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年中国社会科学院考博英语真题及详解PART Ⅰ: Vocabulary and GrammarSection A (10 points)Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.1. Even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is _____ and horizontally spread out.A. prudentB. reversibleC. diffuseD. mandatory【答案】C【解析】句意：甚至总统也不是真正的首席执行官，谁都不是。
在公司中，权力集中且垂直分布。
在华盛顿，权力分散且平行分布。
diffuse散开的。
prudent谨慎的，节俭的。
reversible 可逆的，可撤销的。
mandatory强制的，命令的。
2. In describing the Indians of the various sections of the United States at different stages in their history, some of the factors which account for their similarity amid difference can be readily accounted for, others are difficult to _____.A. refineB. discernC. embedD. cluster【答案】B【解析】句意：在描述美国历史中不同阶段不同地区的印第安人中，一些影响他们不同点之间的相似点的因素能够很容易的解释清楚，而其他的却很难看出。
2015年贵州省高考英语试卷及答案
2015年贵州省高考英语试卷及答案要高考了，英语怎么办呢?赶紧和店铺一起做份2015年贵州省高考英语试卷吧，希望对各位有帮助!2015年贵州省高考英语试卷第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(A)Several years ago I was diagnosed with cancer. It was the most difficult time I have ever faced. I think it was my sense of humor that allowed me to hold onto my sanity (心智健全). Like many people who have gone through chemotherapy (化疗), I lost all of my hair, being bald as a golf ball. I always had enjoyed wearing hats, so I ordered several special hats with the hair already attached. It was easy and I never had to worry about how my hair looked.I have always been a big golf fan. At one point during my cancer treatments, my husband John and I decided to get away from the cold Minnesota winter and took a trip to Scottsdale, Arizona. There was a Senior PGA Tour even called “The Tradition” being played, and that seemed like just the ticket to lift my spirits.The first day of the tournament brought out a huge crowd. It was a beautiful day, and I was in heaven, I was standing and watching my three favorite golfers in the world approach the tee box (开球区): Jack Nicklaus, Raymond Floyd and Tom Weiskopf.Just as they arrived at the tee, the unimaginable happened.A huge gust of wind came up from out of nowhere and blew myhat and hair right off my head and into the middle of the fairway (球道)! The thousands of people lining the fairway fell into an awkward silence, all eyes on me. Even my three favorite golfers were watching me, as my hair was in their flight path. I was ashamed! Embarrassed as I was, I knew I couldn’t just stand there. Someone had to do something to get things moving again.So I took a deep breath and out into the middle of the fairway.I took hold of my hat and hair, put them back on my head as best I could. Then I turned to the golfers and loudly announced, “Gentlemen, the wind is blowing from left to right.”They said the laughter could be heard all the way to the nineteenth hole.1.What made the author remain mentally healthy even in her illness?A. The Tradition.B. The treatment.C. Her family.D. Her humor.2.The underlined phrase in Para. 3 “in heaven” probably means “___”.A. scaredB. embarrassedC. puzzledD. excited3.Why did the author go into the fairway to pick up her hat and hair?A. To amuse the golfers.B. To give a weather report.C. To have the game restarted.D. To draw others’ attention.4.We can know from the text that the author ___ .A. was fond of wearing hatsB. was an excellent golferC. planed to live in ScottsdaleD. felt worried her hair(B)Food and drink makers are adding caffeine (咖啡因) to a growing number of products. Is it safe for kids to consume these products?You may have heard adu lts say they can’t get going in themorning without a cup of coffee. One reason why they may feel that way is that coffee contains caffeine, a substance (物质) known to improve and increase energy. Caffeine occurs naturally in coffee, tea, and cocoa beans, which are used to make chocolate. But now food makers are adding caffeine to many products, from popcorn and potato chips to water. “It’s possible for all of this caffeine consumption to add up and become dangerous,” says Virginia Stallings, a doctor at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.Studies show that too much caffeine can cause inability to sleep, and a racing heartbeat. What’s more, caffeine is habit-forming. Those who consume it regularly and stop suddenly may experience headaches and feel tired.One of the biggest problems is the large amount of caffeine added to so-called energy drinks, like Red Bull. A 12-ounce can of cola has about 35 milligrams of caffeine. A similar serving of Red Bull contains more than triple (三倍) that amount. Emergency-room visits related to energy-drink consumption were up from 10,068 visits in 2007 to 20,783 in 2011.Teenagers should be aware of caffeine’s effects on health and on the brain. Take, for example, teenagers who consume caffeine to stay awake and study for a test. The effect? Research shows they may remember less of what they just studied.So what can be done to protect young people from the harmful effects of caffeine? Michael Jacobson of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, says the FDA needs to set limits on caffeine, especially in energy drinks. The amount of caffeine should be printed on food labels to warn consumers. Doctors say kids should avoid caffeine. If you need extra energy, try these natural methods instead: eating right, exercising, and gettingplenty of sleep.5.According to the text, it’s dangerous to add more ___ to drinks.A. teaB. chocolateC. yoghurtD. caffeine6.What should the FDA do in protecting the consumers?A. Draw up a project about physical exercise.B. Forbid kids from having water with caffeine.C. Create a set of standards on caffeine products.D. Not allow energy drinks to appear in the market.7.What can we learn from the text?A. Cola has much more caffeine the Red Bull.B. More people are suffering from energy drinks.C. Drinking enough Red Bull can help sleep well.D. Having too much caffeine can improve memory.8.The text is written mainly for those ___ .A. who often have headachesB. who are caffeine-product loversC. who usually feel tiredD. who are food and drink makers(C)As weather cools across the United States, a growing number of Americans visit farms. They harvest apples, enjoy hay wagon rides and walk in the fields. These people are called “agri-tourists”. They improve the economy of rural areas and h elp farmers increase their profits.School children are walking in a corn field maze (迷宫). The corn is cut into tricky passageways that make it difficult to find a way out. The children are from Yorktown Elementary School in Bowie Maryland. They have traveled to Montpelier Farms in Prince George’s County which is also in Maryland. The farm is about 40 kilometers from The White House.Debbie Pierson is the student’s teacher. “We go on these kind of field trips so that the children will have a hands-on experi ence of what it’s like to be on a farm,” Pierson said.Amy Etsy-Smith is visiting the farm with her children. “We come about once a year, lots of fun, yes. The kids enjoy it. This was her favorite part, was choosing the pumpkin.” Amy said.When Mike Dunn opened the family farm to agri-tourists in 2008, he had only a corn maze, a pumpkin field and hay wagon rides. But he says, so many people visited that he soon increased the number of activities. He hopes to make a larger profit from visitors than from farm ing someday. “Our agri-tourism income might be 30 percent of our entire farm income. We’d like to grow it to one day maybe 60 percent,” Dunn said.Americans spent more than $700 million on agri-tourism activities in the United States in 2012. That is an increase of 24 percent from 2007.9.When do Americans prefer to pay a visit to family farms?A. In spring.B. In summer.C. In autumn.D. In winter.10.Mike Dunn added some other activities to his farm because he wanted ___ .A. to earn much more moneyB. to develop agriculture betterC. to solve problems on farmingD. to compete with other farms11.We may infer from the last two paragraphs that ___ .A. field trips can help to promote industrial productionB. agri-tourism is becoming more and more popular in AmericaC. farmers will make more money in farming than farming tripsD. Americans will spend less than $700 million on field tripsin 2016(D)Have you ever felt somebody else’s pain? You’re not alone, with new research showing some people do have a physical reaction to others’ injuries.British researchers used brain-imaging technology (影像工程学) to show that people who say they feel the pain of others have heightened activity in pain- sensing brain regions when they see someone else being hurt. For the study, the researchers exposed 108 college students to images of painful situation, ranging from athletes suffering sports injuries to patients receiving an injection. Nearly a third said that, for at least one image, they not only had an emotional reaction, but also felt pain in the same site as the injury in the image.The researchers found that while viewing the painful images, both people who said they felt pain and those who did not showed activity in the emotional centers of the brain. But those who felt pain showed greater activity in pain-related brain regions compared with the others.“Patients with functional pain experience pain in the absence of an obvious disease or injury to explain their pain. This confirms that at least some people have an actual physical reaction when observing others being injured or expressing pain,” Dr. Stuart Derbyshire of the University of Birmingham, one of the researchers, told reporters.He noted that the people reported feeling pain also tended to say that they avoided horror movies and disturbing images on the news – so as to avoid being in pain.The findings were published in the December issue of the journal Pain.12.The underlined words “a third” probably refer to ___ .A. sportsmen experiencing painB. the 36 students involved in the studyC. patients receiving an injectionD. the 108 students exposed to the images13.The researchers observed the students’ emotional activity in their ___ .A. brain regionsB. eye regionsC. facesD. voices14.If you are allergi c to pain, you’d better get away from ___ .A. reading journalsB. seeing scary moviesC. listening to the newsD. going to the concert15.What would be the best title for the text?A. Emotional Centers of Your BrainB. You Can Use Brain-imaging TechnologyC. You Can Feel Others’ PainD. Painful Images to the Researchers第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
贵州统招专升本2015年英语答案
贵州统招专升本2015年英语答案I. Phonetics(5 points)Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B. C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identity the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. A. land B. lamb C. father D. ladder2. A. challenge B. cheap C. choose D. character3. A. sweat B. please C. beat D. meat4. A. rescue B. league C. pursue D. argue5. A. action B. section C. solution D. questionII. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6. There no one to help me at this moment, I need to handle the work all by myself.A. beB. beingC. to be7. Mary took a part-time job last summer , but her parents were unhappy about she did.A. theseB. whichC. thatD. what8. I did not do well on the writing exam , for the topic to write on was un 信miliar one.II. toIII. forIV. withV. about9.1 can hardly distinguish the two girls, since they look quite8. like9. unlike10. alike11. likelyE. You'd better speak loudly at the meeting everyone can hear you.E. except thatF. such thatG. in thatF. Peter would stay at home watching TV than go shopping with his mom.A. ratherB. quiteC. betterD. stillG. By the time you return in two years , your hometown will new look.A. have taken onB. take onC. have been taken onD. be taken onH. Please make sure that your name is entered in the space when you fill out this form.A. vacantVI. bareVII. blankVIII. empty12. Reading aloud every day can be one of the most ways to improve your spoken English.J. effectiveK. favoriteL. favorable13. If Peter had told his teacher about his difficulty in math homework , she him before the exam.I. helpsJ. will helpK. would have helpedL. would helps14. all the difficulties, the researcher c»ntlnued her research.E. In case ofF. In spite ofG. Because ofH. Instead of15. The organizers of the conference have arranged hotel rooms for those students from out of town.E. to comeF. comeG. comingH. to have come16. The job applicant was worried about the interview he was wellprepared..A. ifB. becauseG whenD. thoughC. It was suggested that this hardworking girl an example for other students.A. besetB. will be setC. could be setD. had been setD. Since computers were Introduced , they to be useful tools for people weak in math.A. had provedB. have provedC. will proveD. are provingIII. Cloze(30 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage , there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer SheeLIn our online life , we need to use passwords frequently. We use passwords 21 e-maiL gaming sites , social networking sites, and other shopping sites. 22 rthe passwords most people use are not very 23 and can easily be "broken" by others. In fact , the most commonly used passwords are so simple that it requires very 24 effort to figure them out. Can you guess 25 the most commonly used passwords are? They are: Names of baseball teams, birth dates of a family 26 , the year of a special sports event, the random numbers like 156468, 27 the name of a friend , pet, favorite T'V star, or band .There are programs 28 to break into people's online accounts. These programs are a 29 of trying every word in the English dictionary and the dictionaries 30 many foreign languages , in their effort to break into an account. 31 can even search words backward. Some will try 32 words or words that are followed by numbers, 33 school222. These programs can test millions of passwords in a few minutes. So , you are advised to be careful about 34 passwords so that they will be hard to break, You are also advised not to make them 35 hand to remember. Meanwhile, you need to change them once in a while.21. A. to B. with C. by D. for22. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Besides23. A. natural B. safe C. strange D. clear24. A. minor B. small C. little D. tiny25. A. what B. who C. where D. which26. A. figure B. member C. creature D. character27. A. as close as B. as good as C. as dear as D. as well as28. A. formed B. shaped C. composed D. designed29. A. typical B. capable C. sure D. true30. A. from B. with C. of D. for31. A. They B. It C. That D. Those32. A. added B. gathered C. combined D. collected33. A. such as B. except for C. as for D. as of34. A. locating B. searching C. choosing D. tracking35. A. rather B. too C. far D. enoughIV. Reading Comprehension(60 points)Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions , For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer SheetPassage OneSound sleep occurs when one's internal clock is regulated. Grcadian rhythms(^®i5$) can become compromised quite easily. Many people with sleep troubles tend to vary bedtimes. To avoid this common problem , sleep sufferers should go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. To help improve circadian rhythms , sufferers should enjoy 15minutes of sun exposure the first thing in the morning.A bedtime routine can help prevent insomn沽(失。
考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析-考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧【圣才出品】
第一部分考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧一、考试要求阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）是博士生入学英语考试的重要组成部分，该题型一直是各院校考查的重点，为每年必考题型而且比重最大（个别院校除外），分值比重一般为30%或40%（电子科技大学达到50%）。
为了顺利通过博士生入学英语考试，考生必须高度重视阅读理解能力的训练和提高。
（一）测试要求在国家教育部颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》中关于“读”的能力要求为：掌握并能运用各项阅读技能（如概括中心思想，猜词悟意，预见，推理和推论等），具有语法水平上的分析能力。
能较顺利地阅读并正确理解有相当难度的一般性题材文章和其他读物，达到每分钟60-70个词，读后能够理解中心思想及内容。
计时阅读难度略低，生词不超过总词数2%的材料，速度达到每分钟100-120个词，读后能理解中心思想及主要内容。
总阅读量：精读30000个词左右，泛读80000个词左右。
原国家教委发布的《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》（试行稿）明确指出，阅读理解的测试目的主要是考查学生通过阅读材料获取信息的能力，要求考生在快速阅读材料的同时，能够正确地理解材料的意思。
具体而言，阅读理解主要测试考生如下几方面的能力：（1）所掌握词汇量的深度和广度，准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中特定含义的能力；（2）迅速总结所读材料的中心思想和段落大意，并找出一些表露作者观点的关键句子的能力；（3）对所读材料各段落之间的逻辑意义进行判断、推理和引申的能力；（4）注意一些对理解全文或某个关键句子起着重要的作用的细节问题的能力；（5）领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度，或者从阅读材料所隐含的意思中推断出作者的观点和态度的能力。
总之，阅读理解部分不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求考生注意文中细节；不但要求对具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理；既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题，又要求考生能运用应有的常识去分析、理解问题。
2015年全国医学统考考博英语真题与答案解析
目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析 (17)2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (29)本试题含阅读文章大意分析，听力含答案解析，有听力原文。
医学考博英语历年真题2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.How to deal with his sleeping problem. B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time. B.To discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work. B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.4. A.Fullness in the stomach. B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.5. A.extremely severe. B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.6. A.He has lost some weight. B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.7. A.She is giving the man an injection. B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A.In the gym. B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.9. A.Diarrhea. B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.10. A.She has developed allergies. B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.11. A.Listen to music. B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.12. A.She isn't feeling well. B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weatherD.She is feeling relieved.13. A.Michael's wife was ill B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded. B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.15. A.Ten years ago. B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages'after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A.A blood test. B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight. B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller,lighter meals.18. A.Potato chips. B.Chicken. C.Cereal. D.fish.19. A.Ulcer B.Cancer C.Depression. D.Hernia.20. A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type1and Type2diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above40degrees Fahrenheit.23. A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream。
2015年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．The ambassador was accused of having______on domestic affairs.A．trespassedB．encroachedC．entrenchedD．invaded正确答案：B解析：近义词词义辨析。
encroach，invade，trespass这三个词均指损害他人权利，侵占其财产或侵犯别国的领土。
encroach通常指蚕食，即逐渐地、不声不响或偷偷摸摸地进入别国的领土，或攫取别人的财物，侵犯他人的权利，常与介词on或upon连用。
invade暗示着明目张胆、凶残与暴行，常用来指一国武装侵略另一国。
也可用来指疾病、虫害的侵袭。
trespass是个法律用语，指未经许可进入私人土地，或非法侵入，常与on或upon连用。
句中提及侵犯他国内政，encroach更加符合语境。
entrench与on搭配使用时表示挖掘壕沟，与题意不符。
故答案为B。
2．The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste______the petroleum that fuels much of American manufacturing.A．in terms ofB．in favor ofC．in spite ofD．in place of正确答案：D解析：介词词组辨析。
句中crops，weeds，animal waste与petroleum“石油”对比可知，这两组是性质不同的能源，由此可知空格处的词组应为“取代”的意思，选项中只有D表示“取代，替换”的意思。
2015博士英语试题讲解
财政部财政科学研究所2015年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题PART ONE: Grammar (15 points)Directions: Below each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence or that best completes the sentence. Please write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree the students’potentiality is developed.A. of whichB. with whichC. in whichD. to which2. Another food crop raised by Indians strange to the European was called Indian corn.A. who wereB. that wereC. that wasD. who was3. We moved to the new house in the suburbs so that the kids would have a garden .A. in which to playB. to play withC. to playD. where to play4. There are many copper mines in the state of Arizona, contributes significantly to the state’s economy.A. a factB. which factC. whose factD. that5. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.A. so thatB. but thatC. in thatD. provided that6. Nearly all trees contains a mix of polymers that can burn like petroleum properly extracted.A. afterB. ifC. when itD. is7. The early years of the United States government were characterized by a debate concerning or individual states should have more power.A. whether the federal governmentB. either the federal governmentC. that the federal governmentD. the federal government8. Exploration of the Solar System is continuing, and at the present rate of progress all the planets within the next 50 years.A. will have been contactedB. will have contactedC. will be contactedD. will contact9. By the year of 2025, scientists probably a cure for cancer.A. will be discoveringB. are discoveringC. will have discoveredD. have discovered10. Thomas Edison’s first patented invention was a device in Congress.A. for counting votesB. that counting votesC. counts votesD. counted votes11. Using many symbols makes to put a large amount of information on a single map.A. possibleB. it is possibleC. it possibleD. that possible12. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely to the outside world.A. being lostB. having lostC. losingD. lost13. Beef cattle of all livestock for economic growth in the certain geographicregions.A. the most are importantB. are the most importantC. is the most importantD. that are most important14. advance and retreat in their eternal rhythms, but the surface of the sea itself isnever at rest.A. Not only when the tides doB. As the tides not only doC. Not only do the tidesD. Do the tides not only15. divorce ourselves from the masses of the people.A. In no time we shouldB. In no time should weC. At no time we shouldD. At no time should wePART TWO: Reading comprehension (20 points)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1 (5 points)The good news made headlines nationwide: Deaths from several kinds of cancer have declined significantly in recent years. But the news has to be bittersweet for many cancer patients and their families. Every year, more than 500000 people in the United States still die of cancer. In fact, more than half of all patients diagnosed with cancer will die of their disease within a few years. And while it’s true survival is longer today than in the past, thequality of life for these patients is often greatly diminished. Cancer –and many of the treatments used to fight it - causes pain, nausea, fatigue, and anxiety that routinely go undertreated or untreated.In the nation’s single-minded focus on curing cancer, we have inadvertently devalued the critical need for palliative care, which focuses on alleviating physical and psychological symptoms over the course of the disease. Nothing would have a greater impact on the daily lives of cancer patients and their families than good symptom control and supportive therapy. Yet the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the federal government’s leader in cancer research and training, spent less than one percent of its 1999 budget on any aspect of research or training in palliative care.The nation needs to get serious about reducing needless suffering. NCI should commit to and fund research aimed at improving symptom control and palliative care. NCI also could designate “centers of excellence” among the cancer centers it recognizes. To get that designation, centers would deliver innovative, top-quality palliative care to all segments of the populations the centers serve; train professionals in medicine, nursing, psychology, social work, and other disciplines to provide palliative care; and conduct research.Insurance coverage for palliative and hospice care also contributes to the problem by forcing people to choose between treatment or hospice care. This “either/or” approach does not readily allow these two types of essential care to be integrated. The Medicare hospice benefit is designed specifically for people in the final stages of illness and allows enrollment only if patients are expected to survive six months or less. The benefit excludes patients from seeking both palliative care and potentially life-extending treatment.That makes hospice enrollment an obvious deterrent for many patients. And hospices, which may have the most skilled practitioners and the most experience in administering palliative care, cannot offer their services to people who could really benefit but still are pursuing active treatment.It is innately human to comfort and provide care to those suffering from cancer, particularly those close to death. Yet what seems self-evident at an individual, personal level has not guided policy at the level of institutions in this country. Death is inevitable, but severe suffering is not. To offer hope for a long life of the highest possible quality and to deliver the best quality cancer care from diagnoses to death, our public institutions need to move toward policies that value and promote palliative care.16. Palliative care is concerned with improving patients’.A. survival ratesB. quality of lifeC. lifespansD. options for health insurance providers17. According to the author, research on palliative care for .A. is more important than research for cancer curesB. has been overlooked by researchersC. is virtually non-existentD. is regarded by researchers as a frivolous topic18. The main problem of insurance coverage for hospice care and active treatment isthat .A. it does not allow patients to seek bothB. it only covers patients whose life expectancy is less than six monthsC. it deprives patients of the right to choose between two proven treatment methodsD. hospice care is only covered when it may extend a patient’s life expectancy19. Hospices offer cancer patients .A. an alternative to palliative careB. comfort in their early stages of illnessC. skilled and experienced palliative careD. an alternative to active treatment20. This text is mainly about .A. improving cancer research in the U.SB. reforming insurance coverage for cancer patientsC. understanding different options for cancer treatment and careD. reducing the suffering of cancer patientsPassage 2 (5 points)Man and women do think differently, at least where the anatomy of the brain is concerned, according to a new study. The brain is made primarily of two different types of tissue, called gray matter and white matter. This new research reveals that men think more with their gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressed that just because the two sexes think differently, this does not affect intellectual performance.Psychology professor Richard Haier of the University of California, Irvine led the research along with colleagues from the University of New Mexico. Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared with men. “These findings suggested that human evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligent behavior,”said Haier, adding that, “by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the study has the potential to aid research on dementia and other cognitive-impairment diseases in the brain.The results are detailed in the online version of the journal NeuroImage. In human brains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers. The results from this study may help explain why men and women excel at different types of tasks, said co-author and neuropsychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico. For example, men tend to do better with tasks requiring more localized processing, such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating and assimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions of the brain, which aids language skills. Scientists find it very interesting that while men and women use two very different activity centers and neurological pathways, men and women perform equally well on broad measures of cognitive ability, such as intelligence tests.This research also gives insight to why different types of head injuries are more disastrous to one sex or the other. For example, in women 84 percent of gray matter regions and 86 percent of white matter regions involved in intellectual performance were located inthe frontal lobes, whereas the percentages of these regions in a man’s frontal lobes are 45 percent and zero, respectively. This matches up well with clinical data that shows frontal lobe damage in women to be much more destructive than the same type of damage in men. Both Haier and Jung hope that this research with someday help doctors diagnose brain disorders in men and women earlier, as well as provide help designing more effective and precise treatments for brain damage.21. Which of the following statements is true, according to paragraph 1 ?A. The brain is a monolithic organ.B. Intellectual ability depends on which part of the brain is used.C. Intellectual ability varies between men and women.D. The anatomy of men’s brains and women’s brains differ.22. According to paragraph 2, this discovery is significant because .A. it is necessary to understand the anatomy of the brain when dealing with diseasesaffect thought processesB. it shows that men and women are equally intelligentC. it shows that men and women are equally intelligent overall, but specialize indifferent ways of thinkingD. many diseases of the brain are specific to gender or the other23. Which of the following statements is true about gray brain matter?A. It helps put together information from different parts of the brain.B. It is used for processing i nformation.C. There is less of it in men’s brains.D. There is a direct correlation between the amount of gray brain matter andmathematical ability.24. Which of the following statements is false about white brain matter?A. Women have more of it than men.B. It is used for putting together information from different parts of the brain.C. There is direct correlation between the amount of white brain matter and linguisticability.D. The amount of white brain matter is not directly related to overall intelligence.25. The final paragraph suggests that .A. men and women are equally intelligentB. men and women have different frontal lobesC. head injuries can have varied effects, according to whether a person is male orfemaleD. the research will be useful to other scientistsPassage 3 (5 points)So much data indicate the world’s progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of targets adopted by world leaders at the UN more than ten years ago. But the goal-setting exercise has further pitfalls. Too often, the goals are reduced to working out how much money is needed to meet a particular target. Yet the countries that have made most progress in cutting poverty have largely done so not by spending public money, but by encouraging faster economic growth. As Shanta Devarajan,the World Bank’s chief economist for Africa, points out, growth does not just make more money available for social spending. It also increases the demand for such things as schooling, and thus helps meet other development goals. Yet the goals, as drawn up, made no mention of economic growth.Of course growth by itself does not solve all the problems of the poor. It also clear that while money helps, how it is spent and what it is spent on are enormously important. For instances, campaigners often ask for more to be spent on primary education. But throughout the developing world teachers on the public payroll are often absent from school. Teacher-absenteeism rates are around 20% in rural Kenya, 27% in Uganda and 14% in Ecuador.In any case, money that is allocated for such services rarely reaches its intended recipients. A study found that 70% of the money allocated for drugs and supplies by the Uganda government in 2000 was lost; in Ghana, 80% was siphoned off. Money needs to be spent, therefore, not merely on building more schools or hiring more teachers, but on getting them to do what they are paid for, and preventing resources from disappearing somewhere between the central government and their supposed destination.The good news is that policy experiments carried out by governments, NGOs, academics and international institutions are slowly building up a body of evidence about methods that work. A large-scale evaluation in Andhra Pradesh in southern India was shown, for example, that performance pay for teachers is three times as effective at raising pupil’s test scores as the equivalent amount spent on school supplies.And in Uganda the government, appalled that money meant for schools was not reaching them, took to publicizing how much was being allotted, using radio and newspaper. Money wastage was dramatically reduced. The World Bank hopes to bring such innovations to the notice of other governments during the summit, if it can. For if the drive against poverty is succeed, it will owe more to such ideas and wider use than to targets set at UN-sponsored summits.26. According to the text, which of the following merits can’t we derive from economicgrowth?A. It increases other demands such as education.B. It may help the government to fulfill Millennium Development Goals.C. Faster growth will lift the poor out of poverty.D. Economic growth may solve some problems of the poor.27. Teacher-absenteeism is cited as example .A. to call for governments apply performance pay for teachersB. to underline the importance of money should be spent on where it is neededC. to state that the allocated money should get staffs to do what they are paid forD. to show that African countries have a long way to go before reaching the UN’sgoalposts28. According to the author, we should when dealing with allocated money.A. avoid the leakage of moneyB. give the anti-poverty plans the priorityC. promote education to a higher levelD. improve public infrastructure first29. On which of the following would the author most probably agree?A. Economic growth does not make more money available for social spending.B. Money leakage is a big problem that Africa encounters.C. Millennium Development Goals may involve each country’s GDP growth.D. Millennium Development Goals have come to seen as applying to each developingcountry.30.We may infer from the last paragraph that .A. the World Bank plays an important role in helping Uganda fix money leakageB. money leakage is rampantly flourishing in UgandaC. Millennium Development Goals may have failed in lifting the poor out of povertyD. innovative ideas should come before targets set by UNPassage 4 (5 points)In the 20th century, all the nightmare-novels of the future imagined that books would be burnt. In the 21th century, our dystopias imagine a world where books are forgotten. To pluck just one, Gary Steynghart’s novel Super Sad True Love Story describes a world where everybody is obsessed with their electronic Apparat – an even more omnivorous i-phone with a flickering stream of shopping and reality shows and porn – and have somehow come to believe that the few remaining unread paper books left off a rank smell. The book on the book, it suggests, is closing.The book – the physical paper book – is being circled by a shoal of sharks, with sales down 9 percent this year alone. It’s being chewed by the e-book. It’s being gored by the death of the bookshop and the library. And most importantly, the mental space it occupied is being eroded by the thousand Weapons of Mass Destruction that surround us all. It’s hard to admit, but we all sense it: it is becoming almost physically harder to read books.In his gorgeous little book The Lost Art of Reading – Why Books Matter in a Distracted Time, the critic David Ulin admits to a strange feeling. All his life, he had taken reading as for granted as eating – but then, a few years ago, he “become aware, in an apartment full of books, that I could no longer find within myself the quiet necessary to read”. He would sit down to do it at night, as he always had, and read a few paragraphs, then find his mind was wandering, imploring him to check his email, or Twitter, or Facebook. “What I’m struggling with,”he writes, “is the encroachment of the buzz, the sense that there’s something out there that merits my attention.”I think most of us have this sense today, if we are honest. If you read a book with your laptop thrumming on the other side of the room, it can be like trying to read in the middle of a party, where everybody is shouting to each other. To read, you need to slow down. You need mental silence except for the words. That’s getting harder to find.No, don’t misunderstand me. I adore the web, and they will have to wrench my Twitter feed from my cold dead hands. This isn’t going to turn into an antediluvian rant against the glories of our wired world. But there’s a reason why that word –“wired”–means both “connected to the internet” and “high, frantic, unable to concentrate”.In the age of the internet, physical paper books are a technology we need more, not less. In the 1950s, the novelist Herman Hesse wrote: “The more the need for entertainment and mainstream education can be met by new inventions, the more the book will recover itsdignity and authority. We have not yet quite reached the point where young competitors, such as radio, cinema, etc, have taken over the functions from the book it can’t afford to lose.” We have now reached that point.31.By mentioning the work of Gary Steynghart, the author intends to .A. advocate the idea that reading physical paper books is out of fashionB. introduce a brand new electronic product even omnivorous than i-phoneC. prove that books will be outweighed by reality shows and porn in the futureD. indicate that books are left out in fictions describing the future world32. The most significant reason for the falling sales of paper books is that .A. electronic books are taking over more and more market share of paper booksB. people’ minds don’t have the space for reading due to all kinds of temptationC. bookstores are out of business as people prefer to borrowing books from the libraryD. people think things on the Internet are more worthy of their attention33.According to paragraph 3, we can infer that .A. people are inclined to take reading for grantedB. people’ minds are encroached by the InternetC. it’s hard to concentrate on reading nowadaysD. David Ulin’s book gives readers a strange feeling34. The explanation of the word “wired” probably indicates that .A. people always misunderstand the functions of internetB. Internet is partly responsible for the vanishing of paper booksC. people call the internet “wired world” for a reasonD. Internet will take over the functions of paper books35. Which of the following will the author most probably agree on?A. True readers can maintain reading in all kinds of environment, including noisy one.B. The Internet should be strictly condemned for endangering physical paper books.C. Physical paper books are facing extreme danger of being replaced by other things.D. Reading books isn’t in accordance with the increasing need for entertainment. PART THREE (20 points)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written on the Answer Sheet.When a company unexpectedly finds itself losing market share and taking a beating at the hands of its competitors, it’s a clear signal that a change is needed. For a variety of reasons, any company can suddenly lose the competitive advantage that it previously enjoyed. 36. The mark of a strong business, however, is its ability to overcome such setbacks and reclaim its positions as the front runner in its field.One of the greatest variables in the process, however, is technology, which on one hand makes business more efficient and thus profitable than previously thought possible, but changes at such a rapid pace that few businesses utilize it to its full potential. Those companies that invest heavily in the latest technology of the day may find their machines out dated and obsolete the next year, thus losing the advantage that they hoped to gain, and also a substantial amount of investment money as well. 37. Those are more cautious and buy less of the latest machine may learn that technology changes more slowly, and theircompetitors who invested more heavily now hold the upper hand. It’s a game of hit or miss.Because of the uneven and unpredictable pace of progress between technological fields, 38. companies are devoting more and more resources to not only acquiring more of the latest developments, but researching the factors that determine their production so as to position themselves better to adapt to the next change. This strategy has been producing positive results for those who employ it, but it is a massively expensive one, limiting its viability to only the largest companies, who are already enjoying many advantages in the market.Such dynamics make it increasingly difficult for new setup companies to break into established markets, lacking the funding and cash reserves necessary to play the game way as the big boy do. The same technology that keeps the large companies on top, however, can still topple them. 39. New and smaller companies have less to lose and thus can afford to gamble on new technologies that larger companies consider too risky to devote themselves to. 40. In the rare occurrences when these risky endeavors bear fruit, providing themselves to be the way of future, the rewards to those daring enough, or small enough, to invest in them prove well worth the effort.PART FOUR (20 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. Your translation must be written on the Answer Sheet.41．我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。
贵州省专升本英语真题2015年
贵州省专升本英语真题2015年(总分150, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.The sign reads "In case of ______ fire, break the glass and push ______ red button."A /; aB /; theC the; theD a; a答案:B[考点] 冠词的用法题[解析] 本句中的fire表示泛指，而不是指具体的火灾，为不可数名词，因此其前不用冠词修饰；句中的button(按钮)为特指，因此其前应用定冠词the修饰。
故选B。
2.We"re going to the bookstore in John"s car. You can come with us ______ you can meet us there later.A butB andC orD then答案:C[考点] 连词的用法题[解析] but意为“但是”，表示转折关系；and意为“和”，表示并列关系；or 意为“或者”，表示选择关系；then意为“然后”，表示先后顺序。
根据句意选C。
3.In spite of the thunderstorm, the children slept ______ all night.A soundlyB ignorantlyC naturallyD noisily答案:A[考点] 词义辨析题[解析] noisily意为“吵闹地”；ignorantly意为“不知道地，无知地”；naturally意为“自然地”；soundly意为“酣畅地”。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(贵州省解析版)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(A)My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles (肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.1. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A. He got an older model than he had expected.B. He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C. He could have bought it at a lower price.D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.2. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “singed off” in Paragraph 1?A. ended all their programsB. provided fewer channelsC. changed to commercialsD. showed all-night movies3. How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A. By shaking and hitting it.B. By turning it on and off.C. By switching channels.D. By having it repaired.4. How does the author sound when telling the story?A. Curious.B. Anxious.C. Cautious.D. Humorous.(B)Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely toencourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious (难为情) whenthey’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your homedoesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place withbrightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In onestudy, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those ina yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear appetizing, whilecold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consumeabout 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowingdown, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. Weeat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass thana tall, skinny glass.5. The text is especially helpful for those care about ___ .A. their home comfortsB. their body shapeC. house buyingD. healthy diets6. A home environment in blue can help people ___ .A. digest food betterB. reduce food intakeC. burn more caloriesD. regain their appetites7. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A. Eat quickly.B. Play fast music.C. Use smaller spoons.D. Turn down the lights.8. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Is Your House Making Y ou Fat?B. Ways of Serving DinnerC. Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?(C)More students than ever before are taking a gap year (间隔年) before going touniversity. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. Thegap-year phenomenon originated (起源) with the months left over to Oxbridgeapplicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academicyear.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher educationinstitutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics onuniversity entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone inhigher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to besatisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year areoften more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Unionof Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship –young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to £15,000in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year toearn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to90% during vacation periods,” he said.9. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in length.B. It is time for relaxation.C. It is increasingly popular.D. It is required by universities.10. According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year ___ .A. are better prepared for college studiesB. know a lot more about their future jobsC. are more likely to leave university in debtD. have a better chance to enter top universities11. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. He’s puzzled.B. He’s worried.C. He’s surprised.D. He’s annoyed.12. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A. Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new terms.C. Earn money for their education.D. Prepare for their graduate studies.(D)Choose Your One-Day Tours!Tour A –Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Romanbathrooms and Stonehenge - £37 until 26 March and £39 thereafter.Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescentand the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famousprehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.Tour B-Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary’sChurch Tower and Anne Hathaway’s house - £32until 12 March and £36thereafter.Oxford:Includes a guided tour of England’s oldest university city and colleges.Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)”form St Mary’s Church Tower.Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.Tour C - Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to HamptonCourt Palace - £34 until 11 March and £37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Ⅷ’s favouritepalace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle (entrance fees not included). With 500years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!Tour D - Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great- £33 until 18 March and £37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardensof the 18th century.13. Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?A. Tour A.B. Tour B.C. Tour C.D. Tour D.14. Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.B. Oxford & Stratford.C. Bath &Stonehenge.D. Cambridge.15. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?A. It used to be the home of royal families.B. It used to be a well-known maze.C. It is the oldest palace in Britain.D. It is a world-famous castle.第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2015级贵州大学大学英语二期末考试范围(2)
2015级大学英语二期末考试题型及范围Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A Short Conversations (10%)Section B Long Conversations or passages(10%)Section C Compound Dictation(10%)Section A&B 听力考试资料选自课本外内容Section C 考试材料选自视听说课本1-5元中lesson A 的activity 5部份，从中选取10个符合大学英语二平的单词，要求学生填写。
Part II Reading Comprehension (30%)3篇，第一篇是选自《大学英语长篇阅读》（下册），第一、二、三、四单元的passage I或passage II，另外两篇选自于课外资料。
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15%，15*0.5)考试范围：《新视野大学英语》第三版第二册，第一、二、四、六单元为主，特别是练习中vocabulary, structure部份应掌握的词汇及结构。
Part IV Close(10%)15选10的题型，出自《新视野大学英语》第三版第二册，从第一、二、四、六单元课后练习中的word bank选取一篇。
Part V Translation（15%）考试范围：出自《新视野大学英语》第三版第二册，从第一、二、四、六单元课后练习中的Translation（汉译英）部份。
考试题型：三段（每段约3个句子）汉译英。
附：Audio ScriptUnit OneActivity 5 A book of memoriesYearbooks in the United StatesMost high schools in the United States publish a yearbook. The yearbook comes out once a year, usually in the spring. It is a record of the school year--- a “book of memories” for the students.Inside a yearbook is each student’s photo. The seniors are graduating soon, and their photos appear first. Next are the juniors. They are one year behind the seniors. Next come the sophomores, or second year students. The last photos are the first-year students, the freshmen. The yearbook is not only about students.The teachers have photos, too. The yearbook also has photos and descriptions of sports teams, academic subject, and extracurricular activities. These are activities students do after school, such as the chess club and Spanish club. There is even a yearbook club. Students in this club write, design, and take photos all year for the yearbook. At the end of the year, the book is printed.In the yearbook, some students receive special titles. The seniors vote and choose the “class clown”( a funny student), the “most likely to succeed”( a student everyone thinks will be successful), and the “best dressed”( a student with a good fashion sense). There are also other awards and categories.Students typically sign each other’s yearbooks. This is especially important for the seniors, because they are graduating. Students writenotes to each other, such as, “we had a lot of fun,” or “I’ll never forget you.” They also write about all the fun and funny experiences they shared in school together.Unit TwoActivity 5 World greetingsIn Brazil, men often shake hands when they meet for the first time. When women meet, they kiss each other on the cheek. Women also kiss male friends to say hello. When you shake hands, look at the person in the eyes. This shows interest and friendliness.In New Zealand, usually, both men and women shake hands when they meet someone for the first time, if you see two people pressing their noses together, they are probably Maori. The Maori are the native people of New Zealand. This is their traditional greeting.In Japan, when people meet for the first time, they usually bow. In business, people also shake hands. In formal situation, people often exchange business cards. When you give a business card, give it with two hands. This is polite. Special note: in Japan, when people smile it can have different meanings. It usually means that the person is happy, or that the person thinks something I funny. But is can also mean that the person is embarrassed.Unit ThreeActivity 5 The healthiest people in the worldThe healthiest lifestyle in the world?In many countries around the world, people are living longer than before. People have healthier lifestyles, and healthcare is better too. Okinawa is an island off the coast of Japan. The people on Okinawa, the Okinawans, may have the longest lives and healthiest lifestyles in the world.Researchers did a study. They started their study by looking at city and town birth records from 1879. They didn’t expect to find many centenarians in the records. They were very surprised to find so many old and healthy habits as well. They don’t do hard exercise such as weightlifting or jogging—instead, they prefer relaxing activities like gardening and walking. Researchers say that older Okinawans also have a good attitude about aging. They sit quietly and relax their minds with deep breathing exercises. They also enjoy massage.Unit FourActivity 5 TrendspottingToday I started my new part-time job as a trendspotter. I was nervous anddidn’t know what to expect. Well, guess what? It was a lot of fun! I’m telling all my friends, “You should think about becoming tredspotter, too!” On Saturday morning, we had to report to a recording studio by 10 a.m. The “Trends Coordinator”, Mandy, explained the schedule. Then she gave us a tour. That was really cool!Next we sat around a big table in a room. They gave each person three cards. One card said “Yes-All the way!”Another said, “It’s OK.”The third one said, “No way!” We listened to about 10 different songs. After each song we had to hold up a card. They played some hip hop, rock, heavy metal, and dance music. The heavy metal was “No way” for me. Do you know the rock group called “Gifted”? They’re really popular right now. Well, they have a new CD coming out. We saw six different CD covers. I guess they are trying to choose one. This time, we didn’t have any cards. Instead, we just talked about the covers we liked. Mandy asked us questions: “ Which ones do you like?”“Why do you like them?”“Would you buy a CD with this cover?”We finished at 12:30. We will meet again next week at a boutique downtown. We will look at some new fashions. Each week we go to a different location. Oh yeas, we also received a free CD for our work. This “job” doesn’t pay, but we get free stuff!Unit FiveActivity 5 The Marfa mystery lightsQ: Where is Marfa and what exactly is it famous for?A: Marfa is a small town in west Texas in the Unites states. It’s famous for the “ Marfa mystery lights.”Q: What are the mystery lights exactly?A: No one knows for sure. There are many different ideas about that. Q: Can you describe them?A: That’s a difficult question. Different people see different lights. They are not always the same. I can say that they appear after sunset in the sky. They dance mysteriously in air and vanish. Then they suddenly reappear. Q: Some people say they are car headlights. Do you think so?A: No, I don’t. A man first saw the mystery lights over 100 years ago. The man was Robert Ellison and the year was 1883. Of course we didn’t have cars in 1883.Q: What do you think causes the lights?A: There are many theories. The Native Americans thought the lights were stars falling to Earth. Some people think uranium gas causes the lights. Other people suggest that ball lightning does it. Ball lightning is lightning is the shape of circle. I t often appears just after a rainstorm. Q: What are some of the weirdest ideas about the lights?A: Well, some people call them “ghost lights”. They think ghosts do it. That’s the strangest idea. Some say they are UFOs. I don’t think so.Q: What do the experts say?A: They can’t figure it out. Some engineers even came from Japan one time. They studied the lights, but couldn’t solve the mystery.Q: Are the local people scared?A: No, actually, they aren’t. They like the lights. And every year in early September there’s a big town festival to celebrate the mystery lights.Unit1The Internet has made English learning much easier. English learners used to be (1)(obliged) to spend their time in libraries looking for the books that would help them in their language studies. It was very inconvenient because a lot of materials could only be found in (2)(tedious) and uninteresting textbooks and readers. But today authentic content on a variety of subjects is only a click away. This is especially (3)(beneficial)for those who wants to learn English earnestly.In order to achieve fluency in English, you need to be comfortable using at least 10,000 words. The (4)(abundant) materials on the Internet make itpossible for you to choose appropriate content to read and listen to. These materials can be(5)(adjusted) to your level if you input some key words in the search engine. But how can you remember the (6)(bulk) of unfamiliar words?In this case, the Internet (7)(evidently)makes it easier to learn vocabulary. You can use online dictionaries to instantly find out their grammatical (8)(functions)and the specific meaning of these words. The Internet helps you to (9)(efficiently) accumulate vocabulary based on lively and interesting language content, which greatly reduces your (10)(distress)caused by inability to remember the new words. The efficiency of this vocabulary learning is one of the reasons why the Internet has become an ideal place to learn English.Unit2Through exploration of the humanities, we learn how to think creatively and critically, to analyze, and to ask questions. Because these skills allow usto gain new (1)(insight)into everything from poetry and paintings to business models and politics, humanistic subjects have been at the heart of a liberal arts (2)(education)since the ancient Greeks first used them to educate their citizens.Research into the human experience helps to (3)(boost) our knowledge about our world. Through the work of humanities scholars, we learn about the values of different cultures, about what goes into making a work of art, and about the (4)(mystery) of how history is made. Their efforts depict the great accomplishments of the past, help us understand the world today, and give us tools to imagine the (5)(prospect) of our future.Today, humanistic knowledge continues to (6)(promote) the ideal foundation for exploring and understanding the human experience. Learning another language might help to (7)(invest)you with great insights as well as gain much(8)(appreciation) of different cultures. Takinga close look at a sculpture might make you think abouthow an artist's life (9)(affected) his creative decisions. Reading a book from another reg ion of the world might help you (10)(speculate) about the meaning of democracy. Listening to history courses might give you a clearer picture of what the future will be like.Unit4Traditional dating is a self-paced, general meeting of two people. The two usually(1)(commence) with spending extra time together, getting to know one another and seeing how (2)(tempting) they could be to each other. A good example is a man meeting a woman and sensing her (3)(charm). He then extends a formal invitation for a date. With traditional dating, you get to go at a steady pace,(4)(allowing) yourself and your date to get to know each other through extensive contact.There are many (5)(components) that can be expected from traditional dates. Men, who are supposed to (6)(display)these traditional values, will open the door for the woman, stand up when she大学英语复习资料leaves the table, pay for everything, and(7)(proceed) to the next move. In the1950s, a man would usually ask a woman out several days ahead fora specific date and time. If she accepted, they would(8)(arrange) for a time to pick her up. He would then take her to a dinner and a movie.Today the rules of traditional dating are less clear. Twenty years ago, if a young lady asked a men out on a date, it was thought to be (9)(weird). Now, women are being encouraged to take the initiative and ask men out. A date may consist of a brief meeting at a café or a trip to the (10)(local)art museum. Men often pay on the first date, but the woman may offer to go Dutch. The traditional d ating style has been found much less common now.Unit6Simplifying is not necessarily about less. It can be about more: more time, more enjoyment, more accomplishment, and more of what (1)(profits)you. If you do a lot of things that don't bring you joy or support your long-term plan, then doing less of that11大学英语复习资料kind of things makes sense because you can't(2)(preserve) everything. The purpose of simplifying is to remove what's not important.To understand what should be (3)(discarded), try to think of activities and things as either assets or obligations. An asset is something that is valuable. Some (4)(corresponding) examples are stocks, bonds, buildings, land, gold, etc., but a little more broadly, an asset is anything that can strengthen and (5)(motivate) you, moving you closer to your goals. However, obligations are debts. An obligation is anything that (6)(weakens) you, moves you farther from your goals, provides negative stress, creates anxiety, and decreases your health.Then how can you (7)(implement) the idea of simplifying? Think about your daily activities and start with just one area. For example, you may begin with(8)(obligations) by making a long list of your daily activities. Your list may (9)(revolve) around such routines as paying bills and p lanning a birthday party for a friend, etc. Do the activities get you closer to your goals? If not, (10)(modify) 12大学英语复习资料the list. Remove what is unnecessary in order to concentrate more on something important in your life.13。
贵州中医药大学考博英语作文
Guizhou University of Traditional ChineseMedicine: Pursuing Doctoral Studies inEnglish EssaysNestled amidst the lush mountains and deep valleys of Guizhou, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine stands as a beacon of academic excellence and cultural heritage. As a higher educational institution dedicated to the preservation and advancement of traditional Chinese medicine, it attracts scholars and aspirants from across the globe, seeking to delve deeper into the intricate world of medicine and healthcare.Among the many paths leading to academic mastery atthis esteemed university, the pursuit of a doctoral degree holds a preeminent position. The journey to obtaining a PhD in Traditional Chinese Medicine is not only intellectually rigorous but also emotionally rewarding, as it involves a deep exploration of both ancient wisdom and modernscientific advancements.An integral part of this journey is the requirement to compose and submit English essays as part of the doctoral examination. These essays serve as a platform forcandidates to demonstrate their command of the subject matter, critical thinking skills, and proficiency in the international language of academia. The process of writing these essays is often challenging but equally rewarding, as it forces candidates to refine their ideas, clarify their thoughts, and present them in a coherent and convincing manner.The essays typically cover a wide range of topics, from the theoretical foundations of traditional Chinese medicine to its practical applications in modern healthcare systems. Candidates are expected to delve into the historical background of these concepts, analyze them in the context of contemporary scientific knowledge, and propose innovative ideas for further research and development.The process of writing these essays also serves as a bridge between traditional knowledge and modern scientific inquiry. By expressing their ideas in English, candidates are able to connect with a wider academic community, opening up new possibilities for collaboration and exchange of ideas. This, in turn, helps to promote theinternationalization of traditional Chinese medicine and enhance its global influence.Moreover, the requirement of writing English essays encourages candidates to develop their language skills, which are crucial for success in the global academic arena. It helps them to communicate effectively with peers and mentors from different cultural backgrounds, fostering a more inclusive and diverse academic environment.In conclusion, the pursuit of a doctoral degree in Traditional Chinese Medicine at Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a rigorous yet enriching journey. The requirement to compose English essays as part of the doctoral examination adds an extra layer of challenge but also provides an invaluable opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their academic prowess and contribute to the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine on a global scale.**贵州中医药大学：考博英语作文的追求**贵州中医药大学，坐落于贵州群山深谷之间，作为一所致力于传统中医药学术传承与创新的高等教育机构，它吸引着全球各地的学者和有志之士深入探索中医药学的奥秘。
2015年度全国医学考博英语统考-阅读理解全解及详解
2015年Passage oneThe American society of clinical oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half. 美国临床肿瘤协会于本周召开年会，大会讨论像往年一样提议了一些药物，能够提高疗效以及延长那些已确诊的不治之症患者的寿命，但深挖美联社报道中文章，发现一个有前景的标题，值得我们进一步了解，其中一个治疗研究，明确所有患者经过治疗后有一半患者肿瘤消失。
First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group. 首先，制药公司从主要以效益一刀切发展模式向药物研发和接受长期癌症治疗，以及针对一小部分患者且成效显著的药物研发。
2015贵州大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练
2015贵州大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10points)Rain forest structure is distinct from most other forest types because of its many layers of vegetation,referred to as strata.The lowest stratum is the understory,composed of palms,herbaceous plants(such as wild ginger),and tree seedlings and saplings.(41). Many have deep red coloring on the underside of their leaves to capture some of the scarce light that does manage to reach the forest understory.This red coloring enables understory plants to absorb light of different wavelengths than do the plants with rich, green-foliaged canopy,the umbrella-shaped upper structure of trees. Above the forest floor but below the canopy are one or more midstory strata,made up of woody plants,such as large shrubs and midsized trees.The overstory is the canopy,in which the tree crowns form a continuous layer that captures the major part of the rainwater and sunlight hitting the forest.The height of the canopy varies from region to region and forest to forest,ranging from20to50m(65 to165ft).(42).Researchers use hot air balloons,cables,catwalks, towers,sophisticated tree-climbing gear,and even robots to study the millions of plants and animals that make their home high up in the forest canopy.Canopy researchers also use huge cranes that are dropped into the heart of the forest by helicopters.Suspended from the crane’s long,movable arm is a large cabin that functions as a mobile treetop laboratory.Moving from tree to tree,forest researchers collect specimens,conduct experiments,and observe life in the canopy frontier.The highest stratum of the rain forest is made up of the emergent trees,those individuals that stick up above the forest canopy. Emergents,which do not form a continuous layer,are usually the giants of the forest,reaching heights of35to70m(115to230ft)or more,and trunk sizes of over2m(6.6ft)in diameter.(43). However,these trees tend to be so large that they collectively account for the vast majority of the woody mass,or biomass,of the forest.The nicely ordered strata of the rain forest,including the continuous layer of the canopy,are regularly disturbed by naturally occurring events,such as falling trees.Trees in a rain forest canopy are often interconnected by vines,and a falling tree may pull as well as push other trees down with it,producing a domino effect of falling trees.The resulting opening in the forest canopy enables light to pour onto the forest floor.(44).Other natural disturbances create even larger openings in the forest canopies.For example,along the hurricane belt in the Caribbean and the typhoon belt along the western Pacific,some forests are substantially altered when high winds and storms blow down hundreds of trees every few decades.(45).Scientists have found that these natural disturbances and the subsequent forest regeneration are a vital process that leads to healthy and diverse forests.[A]New plants and animals then move into the area and begin to grow.[B]Just2percent of the sunlight goes through the many layers of leaves and branches above,so understory plant species have developed special traits to cope with low light levels.[C]On a smaller scale,large mammals,such as elephants, regularly destroy rain forest vegetation in the Congo River Basin in Africa.[D]An understory of shorter trees and a lacework of woody vines, or lianas,produce a forest of such complex internal architecture that many animals,including some sizable ones,rarely or never descend to the ground.[E]Less than one percent of the trees in the forest reside in the canopy and emergent layers.[F]Because more light penetrates the canopy,however,the vegetation of the understory and forest floor is better developed than in the tropics.[G]The rich,green canopy is teeming with life,and forestresearchers have developed ingenious methods for accessing this mysterious ecosystem.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu）答案41.B42.G43.E44.A45.C本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
MBA英语真题和解析知识资料
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015MBA英语真题和解析Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。
2015年考博英语完型真题解题思路
2015年考博英语完型真题解题思路一、词义与词形的辨析选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。
有时出题者也借助选项，考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。
举例：Geographers compare and contrast 71 places on the earth.71. A) similarB) variousC) distantD) famous译文：地理学家比较和对照地球上的什么地方。
很明显要求填一个形容词来修饰places. 如果单从语法的角度而言，A、B、C、D四个选项都能入选，出题者精心设计只为考察compare和contrast的精确含义。
compare意为to exam for similarities and differences, contrast意为to compare in order to show differences。
综合两个词的含义，应为“找出其相似之处与不同之处”。
这样一来，答案不言自明。
既然不同与相同皆不可抛，答案A）必然错误，“similar”（相似的）只揭示了两者的相同、相似，未照应不同，故必不入选。
而答案C）distant “遥远的”、D) famous“著名的”均与“相似与不同”不搭界，所以也一并排除掉，剩下B）various“各种各样”为正确答案。
“各种各样”既囊括相似之处，又溶入“不同几许”，既照应compare，又体现了contrast的含义。
所以考生在应试时对于某些重点单词的理解，不能只局限于中文，而应从英文的角度，逐字理解。
二、逻辑关系所填空格的句子，与上下文构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、 补充、递进等逻辑关系。
上下文逻辑关系的考察，是完形填空区别于单纯的句子与结构测试中最重要的一点。
不仅在国内考试中，在美国研究生入学考试（GRE）中，也常常考到考生运用逻辑关系解题的能力。
笔者试举一例：文中提到：The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 77 , what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system…77. A) otherwiseB) moreoverC) howeverD) also根据上下文，空格前的意思为“外籍研究学者通常把自己隔离在实验室里作为 一种保护的手段”。
贵州大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
贵州大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Text1It was3:45in the morning when the vote was finally taken.Aftersix months of arguing and final16hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority inthe world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patientswho wish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of15to10.Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was pickedup,half a world away,by John Hofsess,executive director of the Rightto Die Society of Canada.He sent it on via the group’s on-lineservice,Death NET.Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long,because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi Australia.It’sworld history.”The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of theTerminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying todeal with its moral and practical implications.Some have breathedsighs of relief,others,including churches,right to life groups andthe Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill andthe haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.InAustralia--where an aging population,life extending technology andchanging community attitudes have all played their part--otherstates are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.In the US and Canada,where the right to die movement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patient can request death--probably by a deadly injection or pill--to put an end to suffering.The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors.After a“cooling off”period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificate of request.After48hours the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson,a54year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering:a terrifying death from his breathing condition.“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,but what I was afraid of was how I’d go,because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,”he says.1.From the second paragraph we learn that________.[A]the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries[B]physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia[C]changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law(D)[D]it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage2.When the author says that observers are waiting for thedominoes to start falling,he means________.[A]observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia[B]similar bills are likely to be passed in the US,Canada and other countries[C]observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes(B)[D]the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop3.When Lloyd Nickson dies,he will________.[A]face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia[B]experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient[C]have an intense fear of terrible suffering(A)[D]undergo a cooling off period of seven days4.The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.[A]opposition[B]suspicion[C]approval(C)[D]indifference本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
贵州省学位英语考试真题及答案解析
贵州省学位英语考试真题及答案解析全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Guizhou Province Degree English Exam Test and Answer AnalysisThe Guizhou Province Degree English exam is a standardized test that measures a candidate's proficiency in the English language. The exam is divided into several sections, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking. In this article, we will provide a detailed analysis of the recent test questions and answers for the Guizhou Province Degree English exam.Listening Section:In the listening section, candidates are required to listen to a series of recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on what they hear. The recordings may include dialogues, monologues, and lectures on various topics. One of the recent questions asked candidates to identify the main idea of a radio broadcast about the importance of environmental conservation. The correct answer is "Protecting the environment is crucial for our future generations."Reading Section:In the reading section, candidates are given a series of passages to read and answer questions based on the information presented. One of the recent passages discussed the impact of technology on modern society. Candidates were asked to identify the main argument of the passage, which is that technological advancements have both positive and negative consequences for society.Writing Section:In the writing section, candidates are required to write essays or short responses on given topics. One of the recent essay prompts asked candidates to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online education. Candidates were expected to provide examples and reasons to support their arguments. The correct answer should include arguments such as flexibility and accessibility as advantages, while lack of face-to-face interaction and potential distractions as disadvantages.Speaking Section:In the speaking section, candidates are asked to respond to prompts and engage in dialogue with an examiner. One of the recent speaking prompts asked candidates to discuss theirfavorite holiday destination and explain why they enjoy visiting that particular place. Candidates were expected to demonstrate their speaking skills by using appropriate vocabulary and grammar.Overall, the Guizhou Province Degree English exam is designed to assess candidates' English language proficiency in various skills. By analyzing recent test questions and answers, candidates can better prepare for the exam and improve their chances of success. Good luck to all candidates taking the Guizhou Province Degree English exam!篇2Guizhou Province Degree English Examination Questions and Answers AnalysisIntroduction:Guizhou Province Degree English Examination is a standardized test conducted by the Guizhou Department of Education to assess the English proficiency of college students and ensure the quality of higher education in the province. The exam covers various aspects of the English language, including reading, listening, writing, and speaking. In this document, wewill provide a detailed analysis of the exam questions and answers for your reference.Reading Section:1. The reading section of the exam tests the candidates' ability to understand and analyze written texts in English. It includes passages on various topics, such as science, technology, society, and culture. Candidates are required to answer multiple-choice questions based on the information provided in the passages.Example question:According to the passage, what is the main idea of the author?A) The benefits of recyclingB) The importance of renewable energyC) The impact of climate changeD) The role of technology in environmental protectionAnswer: A) The benefits of recyclingAnalysis: The main idea of the passage is to highlight the positive effects of recycling on the environment and the benefitsof adopting sustainable practices. The author discusses how recycling can help reduce waste, conserve resources, and protect the planet for future generations.Listening Section:2. The listening section of the exam evaluates the candidates' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts, such as conversations, lectures, and interviews. Candidates are required to listen to recordings and answer questions based on the information provided.Example question:What is the speaker's opinion on the use of social media in education?A) It is a distraction for studentsB) It enhances communication among studentsC) It is a valuable learning toolD) It should be banned in schoolsAnswer: C) It is a valuable learning toolAnalysis: The speaker in the recording discusses how social media can be used as a platform for sharing ideas, collaboratingwith peers, and accessing educational resources. The speaker believes that social media can enhance communication among students and provide valuable learning experiences.Writing Section:3. The writing section of the exam requires candidates to demonstrate their ability to express their ideas and opinions in written English. Candidates are given prompts or topics to write essays, reports, or summaries within a specified time frame.Example prompt:Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.Answer:Online shopping has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its convenience and accessibility. One of the main advantages of online shopping is the convenience it offers to consumers, allowing them to shop from the comfort of their homes and avoid the hassle of crowded stores. Additionally, online shopping provides a wider range of products and options for comparison, making it easier for consumers to find the best deals.However, online shopping also has its disadvantages, such as the risk of fraud and security breaches. Consumers may be vulnerable to scams or identity theft when making online transactions, and they may not always receive the quality of products as advertised. Furthermore, online shopping can lead to a lack of human interaction and personal touch, which may affect customer satisfaction and loyalty.Overall, online shopping has its pros and cons, and it is important for consumers to be aware of the risks involved and take precautions when making online purchases.Speaking Section:4. The speaking section of the exam assesses candidates' ability to communicate orally in English. Candidates are required to participate in conversations, give presentations, and respond to prompts or questions from examiners.Example prompt:Discuss your favorite holiday destination and explain why you like it.Answer:My favorite holiday destination is Thailand because of its beautiful beaches, rich culture, and delicious food. I have visitedThailand several times and I always look forward to exploring new places and trying different activities. The beaches in Thailand are breathtakingly beautiful, with crystal-clear waters and white sandy shores that are perfect for relaxing and sunbathing.In addition to its natural beauty, Thailand is also known for its vibrant culture and traditions. I enjoy visiting the temples, markets, and festivals in Thailand to experience the local customs and learn more about the country's history. The people in Thailand are friendly and welcoming, making it a great destination for travelers to immerse themselves in the local culture.Furthermore, Thai cuisine is one of my favorite aspects of visiting Thailand. I love trying new dishes and flavors, such as spicy curries, fresh seafood, and tropical fruits that are unique to the region. Overall, Thailand is a wonderful holiday destination that offers a mix of relaxation, adventure, and cultural experiences that keep me coming back year after year.Conclusion:In conclusion, the Guizhou Province Degree English Examination is a comprehensive test that evaluates candidates' English proficiency in reading, listening, writing, and speaking. Byanalyzing the exam questions and answers provided in this document, candidates can better prepare for the exam and improve their overall English skills. Good luck to all the candidates taking the exam, and may you successfully demonstrate your language abilities and achieve your academic goals.篇3Title: Guizhou Province College English Test (CET) Question Papers and Answer AnalysisIntroduction:The Guizhou Province College English Test (CET) is an important examination for students in Guizhou province, China. It is designed to evaluate students' English language proficiency and is a requirement for graduation in many universities. In this document, we will provide a collection of past CET question papers along with detailed answer analysis to help students prepare for this exam.CET Question Papers:1. Listening Comprehension Section:Question 1: What is the main topic of the conversation?Answer: Job interview preparation.Question 2: Why did the man miss the meeting?Answer: He had a family emergency.2. Reading Comprehension Section:Question 1: According to the passage, what is the main cause of air pollution in big cities?Answer: Vehicle emissions.Question 2: What is the author's opinion on genetically modified foods?Answer: They have both advantages and disadvantages.3. Vocabulary Section:Question 1: Choose the synonym for "exquisite".Answer: BeautifulQuestion 2: Choose the antonym for "joyful".Answer: MiserableAnswer Analysis:Listening Section: The key to success in the listening comprehension section is to focus on keywords and main ideas.Make sure to pay attention to the tone of voice and context clues to understand the conversation better.Reading Section: When answering reading comprehension questions, always refer back to the passage for evidence to support your answer. Look for keywords and main ideas to help you identify the correct answer.Vocabulary Section: To improve your vocabulary skills, practice using synonyms and antonyms in context. Pay attention to word roots and prefixes to help you decode unfamiliar words.Conclusion:Preparing for the Guizhou Province College English Test (CET) can be challenging, but with practice and dedication, you can improve your English language proficiency. By reviewing past question papers and analyzing the answers, you can familiarize yourself with the format of the exam and improve yourtest-taking skills. Good luck!。
2015年博士生入学考试外语真题
2015年博士生入学考试外语真题中国社会科学院研究生院2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷英语2015年3月14 日8:30 – 11:30PART I: Vocabulary and GrammarSection A (10 points)Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.1. Even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is ______________ and horizontally spread out.a. prudentb. reversiblec. diffused. mandatory2. In describing the Indians of the various sections of the United States at different stages in their history, some of the factors which account for their similarity amid difference can be readily accounted for, others are difficult to _______________.a. refineb. discernc. embedd. cluster3. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by T ony Blair, wasdesigned to give the other members of the club a bigger ______________ and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.a. sayb. transmissionc. decayd. contention4. It can hardly be denied the proliferation of so-called dirty books and films has, to date, reached almost a saturation point. People do not acknowledge the _______________ fact that children are bound to be exposed to ―dirty words‖in a myriad of ways other than through the public airwaves.a.i rrefutableb. concretec. inevitabled. haphazard5. A condition is an essential term of the contract. If a contract is not performed, it may constitute a substantial breach of contract and allow the other party to _______________ the contract, that is, treat the contract as discharged or terminated.a. repudiateb. spurnc. declined. halt6. Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words as well as agreed conventions ______________ these words should be arranged to convey a particular message. a. as the way by which b. by the way in whichc. as to the way in whichd. in the way of which7. Rarely ______________ a technological development _______________ an impact on many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as greatly as the growth of electronics.a. has… hadb. had…hadc. has…hasd. have…had8. If early humans ______________ as much as they did, they probably ______________ to evolve into different species.a. did not move and intermingle…would continueb. would not move and intermingle…had continuedc. had not moved and intermingled…would have continuedd. were not to move and intermingle…could have continued9. It was ______________ the last time around the track ______________ I really kicked itin--passing the gossiping girlfriends, blocking out the whistles of boys who had already completed their run and now were hanging out on the grassy hill, I ran--pushing hard, breathing shallowly, knowing full well that I was going to have to hear about it from my disapproving friends for the next few days.a. not until…whenb. not until…thatc. until…whend. until…that10．One impediment ______________ the general use of a standard in pronunciation is the fact ______________ pronunciation is learnt naturally and unconsciously, while orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.a. in…whichb. of …in whichc. on…thatd. to…thatSection B (5 points)Directions: Choose the word that is the closest in meaning with the underlined word.11. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizensbetween India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.a. divisionb. turmoilc. fusiond. consolidation12. Concerning speculation, philosophy looks upon things from the broadest possible perspective;for criticism, it has the twofold role of questioning and judging everything that pertains either to the foundations or to the superstructure of human thinking.a. inebriatesb. forsakesc. relatesd. emaciates13. Meeting is, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological side show.Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating，if not preventing, change.a. promotingb. impedingc. temperingd. arresting14. The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopiapresented by the players and the evil empires portrayed bytheir critics.a. collaborationb. worthc. triumphd. defect15. But Naifeh and Smith reveal a keen intellect, an avid reader and a passionate observer of otherartists’ work who progressed from labored figure studies to inspir ed outbursts of creative energy.Far from an artistic flash in the pan, he pursued his calling with dogged determination against nearly insurmountable odds.a. insuperableb. unsurpassablec. uncountabled. invaluableSection C (5 points)Directions: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.16.One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S. Congress is the power toinvestigate, which is usually delegated to committees—either standing committees, specialA Bcommittees set for a specific purpose, or joint committees consisting of members of bothC Dhouses.17.One of the important corollaries to the investigative power is the power to publicizeinvestigations and their results. Most committee hearings areopen to public and are reportedA Bwidely in the mass media. Congressional investigations thus represent one important toolCavailable to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interest in national issues.D18.It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which weA Balmost always know. We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start Clearning to read or write, and in our early years we go on unconsciously imitating andDpracticing the pronunciation of those around us for many hours everyday.19. It had happened too often that the farmers sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debtsAwere coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,Bproducer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become involved, atCleast not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild.D20.Detailed studies of the tribe by the food scientists at the University of London showed thatAgathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields onB Caverage about 100 edible calories as an hour of gathering produces 240.DPART II: Reading comprehension (30 points)Directions: Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage 1Plato’s Republic has been the source of great consternation, especially in literary circles, for itsattack on the poets. Socrates in fact asserts that they should have no place in the ideal state. Eric Havelock suggests that there are several misunderstandings in this regard, and in his Preface to Plato he identifies the issues, explains the historical context.Havelock opens his discussion by suggesting that the very title of the Republic is the source of much confusion. The book is commonly understood to be a treatise on the ideal political entity, but even a casual analysis will show that only one-third of the text is concerned with statecraft. The other two-thirds cover a variety of su bjects, but the thrust of Plato’s argument amounts to an attack on the traditional Greek approach to education.The educational methods still in use in the 4th century BC had their origins in what has been called the Greek Dark Age beginning around 1200 BC when the Mycenaean era collapsed. Very little is known about the whys and wherefores of this collapse, but it wasn’t until around 700 BC that the Phoenicianalphabet began to be adapted and used in the Greek-speaking world. During the intervening centuries, all knowledge concerning Greek history, culture, mores and laws were orally transmitted down through the generations. The most effective device in aid of memorizing vast amounts of information was rhyme. The epic form we see in Homer’s Iliad grew out of the need to preserve the Greek cultural memory. Havelock takes the reader through Book 1 of The Iliad and dissects it in detail to show how this cultural, historical and ethical heritage was conveyed. The Iliad takes on new and significant meaning to the reader of this minute examination.The Iliad and presumably other poetic vehicles were taught to children from an early age. The whole of the Greek-speaking world was immersed in the project of memorizing, and out of the masses arose those individuals with superior memories and theatrical skills who became the next generation of minstrels and teachers. Education was thus comprised of memorization and rote learning, and the people enjoyed constant reminders through public readings and festivals.Plato’s focus in the Republic and elsewhere is on Homer and Hesiod and to some extent the dramatists which at the time were the centerpieces of the educational regime. Their works presented gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth. The overall result is that the Greek adolescent is continually conditioned to an attitude which at bottom is cynical. It is more important to keep up appearances than to practice the reality. Decorum and decent behavior are not obviously violated, but the inner principle of morality is. Once the Republic is viewed as a critique of the educational regime, Havelock says that the logic of its total organization becomesclear.What Pl ato was railing against was an ―oral state of mind‖ which seems to have persisted even though the alphabet and written documentation had been in use for three centuries. Illiteracy was thus stil l a widespread problem in Plato’s time, and the poetic state of mind was the main obstacle to scientific rationalism and analysis. This is why Plato regarded the poetic or oral state of mind as the arch-enemy. In his teachings he did the opposite. He ask ed his students to ―think about what they were sa ying instead of just saying it.‖The epic had become, in Plato’s view, not ―an act of creation bu t an act of reminder and recall‖ and cont ributed to what Havelock terms ―the Homeric state of mind.‖It was So crates’project (and by extension Plato’s) to reform Greek education to encourage thinking and analysis. Thus all the ranting and railing about the ―poets‖ in Plato’s Republic was limited basically to Homer and Hesiod because of what he viewed as a wholly inadequate approach to education of which these particular poets were an integral part.Unfortunately, Western culture has misconstrued wh at Plato and Socrates meant by ―the poets.‖And because we view poetry as a highly creative and elevated form of expression, our critics have failed to recognize that Plato’s diatribe had a very specific and limited target which had nothing to do with high-minded creativity, of which there is plenty, by the way, in the proscribed poet s. It wasn’t really the poets who were the problem; it was the use of them that was deemed unacceptable.Post-Havelock, we can now read the Republic with the scales lifted from our eyes and see it for what it really was: an indictment of an antiquated educational regime which had no place in a democratic society.Comprehension Questions:21. The mistaken understanding of Plato's Republic consists in the widespread belief that it consistsof _______________.a.literary criticismb. a treatise on the ideal polityc. a critique of rationalismd. an indictment of an obsolete pedagogy22. According to Havelock, Plato’s anger with the poets arose from:I: Their representation of gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth.II: Their transmission of culture, mores and laws.a. I.b. II.c. Both I and II.d. Neither I nor II.23. Prior to the 4th century BC, recitation was considered the best educational method because______________.a.poetry was seen as a highly creative and elevated form of expressionb.rhyme was the most effective device in aid of memorizing vast amounts of informationc.there was no writing systemd.the people enjoyed constant reminders through public readings and festivals24. In Plato's diatribe the poetic or oral state of mind is the arch-enemy of _______________.a.democratic societyb. the Mycenaean Republicc .the Phoenicians d. literacy25. A common critique of the present-day Chinese educational system resembles the educationalsystem that Plato fulminated against in that it often _______________.a.asks students to think about what they were saying instead of just saying it/doc/8e18884558.htmlprises of memorization and rote learningc.has a very specific and limited targetd.encourages thinking and analysisPassage 2To govern is to choose how the revenue raised from taxes is spent. So far so good, or bad. But some people earn more money than others. Should they pay proportionately more money to the government than those who earn less? And if they do pay more money are they entitled to more services than those who pay less or those who pay nothing at all? And should those who pay nothing at all because they have nothing get anything? These matters are of irritable concern to ourrulers, and of some poignancy to the rest.Although the equality of each citizen before the law is the rock upon which the American Constitution rests, economic equality has never been an American ideal. In fact, it is the one unmentionable subject in our politics, as the senator from South Dakota recently discovered when he came up with a few quasi-egalitarian tax reforms. The furious and enduring terror of Communism in America is not entirely the work of those early cold warriors Truman and Acheson.A dislike of economic equality is something deep-grained in the American Protestant character. After all, given a rich empty continent for vigorous Europeans to exploit (the Indians were simply a disagreeable part of the emptiness, like chiggers), any man of gumption could make himself a good living. With extra hard work, any man could make himself a fortune, proving that he was a better man than the rest. Long before Darwin the American ethos was Darwinian.The vision of the rich empty continent is still a part of the American unconscious in spite of the Great Crowding and its attendant miseries; and this lingering belief in the heaven any man can make for himself through hard work and clean living is a key to the majority’s prevailing and apparently unalterable hatred of the poor, kept out of sight at home, out of mind abroad.Yet there has been, from the beginning, a significant division in our ruling class. The early Thomas Jefferson had a dream: a society of honest yeomen, engaged in agricultural pursuits, without large cities, heavy industry, banks, military pretensions. The early (and the late) Alexander Hamilton wanted industry, banks, cities, and a military force capable of making itself felt in world politics. It is a nice irony that so many of toda y’s laissez-faire conservatives think that they descend from Hamilton, the proponent of a strong federal government, and that so many liberals believe themselves to be the heirs of the early Jefferson, who wanted little more than a police force and a judiciary. Always practical, Jefferson knew that certain men would rise through their own good efforts while, sadly, others would fall. Government would do no more than observe this Darwinian spectacle benignly, and provide no succor.In 1800 the Hamiltonian view was rejected by the people andtheir new President Thomas Jefferson. Four years later, the Hamiltonian view had prevailed and was endorsed by the reelected Jefferson. Between 1800 and 1805 Jefferson had seen to it that an empire in posse had become an empire in esse. The difference between Jefferson I and Jefferson II is reflected in the two inaugural addresses.It is significant that nothing more elevated than greed changed the Dr. Jekyll of Jefferson I into the Mr. Hyde of Jefferson II. Like his less thoughtful countrymen, Jefferson could not resist a deal. Subverting the Constitution he had helped create, Jefferson bought Louisiana from Napoleon, acquiring its citizens without their consents. The author of the Declaration of Independence was quite able to forget the unalienable rights of anyone whose property he thought should be joined to our empire—a word which crops up frequently and unselfconsciously in his correspondence.In the course of land-grabbing, Jefferson II managed to get himself into hot water with France, England, and Spain simultaneously, a fairly astonishing thing to do considering the state of politics in Napoleonic Europe.Comprehension Questions:26. The author believes that Americans ________________.a. still believe America to be largely unpopulatedb. largely believe in lower taxationc. are in favor of taxation without representationd. should reconsider the Louisiana purchase27. From the passage, we may assume that the senator from South Dakota _______________.a. opposed tax reformb. was Thomas Jeffersonc. failed in his attempt to reform tax lawd. was Alexander Hamilton28. Jefferson made it possible for ________________.a. a potential empire to become a real oneb. tax laws to reflect the will of the peoplec. France, England, and Spain to simultaneously vacillate upon their mutual feelings towardsthe United States.d. Darwinian social theories to be accepted without question29. Jefferson’s early political writings espoused what would today b e called _______________.a. collectivismb. libertarianismc. socialismd. liberalism30. The author holds that Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana territories _______________.a. may be seen as a hypocritical actb. rigorously held with his previous views of inalienable rightsc. cannot be seen as an act of empire-expansiond. was an act meant to lower taxes and improve the wealth of the nationPassage 3If, besides the accomplishments of being witty and ill-natured, a man is vicious into the bargain, he is one of the most mischievous creatures that can enter into a civil society. His satire will then chiefly fall upon those who ought to be the most exempt from it. Virtue, merit, and everything that is praiseworthy, will be made the subject of ridicule and buffoonery. It is impossible to enumerate the evils which arise from these arrowsthat fly in the dark; and I know no other excuse that is or can be made for them, than that the wounds they give are only imaginary, and produce nothing more than a secret shame or sorrow in the mind of the suffering person. It must indeed be confessed that a lampoon or a satire do not carry in them robbery or murder; but at the same time, how many are there that would not rather lose a considerable sum of money, or even life itself, than be set up as a mark of infamy and derision? And in this case a man should consider that an injury is not to be measured by the notions of him that gives, but of him that receives it. Those who can put the best countenance upon the outrages of this nature which are offered them, are not without their secret anguish. I have often observed a passage in Socrates’ behavio r at his death in a light wherein none of the critics have considered it. That excellent man entertaining his friends a little before he drank the bowl of poison, with a discourse on the immortality of the soul, at his entering upon it says that he does not believe any the most comic genius can censure him for talking upon such a subject at such at a time. This passage, I think, evidently glances upon Aristophanes, who write a comedy on purpose to ridicule the discourses of that divine philosopher. It has been observed by many writers that Socrates was so little moved at this piece of buffoonery, that he was several times present at its being acted upon the stage, and never expressed the least resentment of it. But, with submission, I think the remark I have here made shows us that this unworthy treatment made an impression uponhis mind, though he had been too wise to discover it. When Julius Caesar was lampooned by Catullus, he invited him to a supper, and treated him with such a generous civility, that hemade the poet his friend ever after. Cardinal Mazarine gave the same kind of treatment to the learned Quillet, who had reflected upon his eminence in a famous Latin poem. The cardinal sent for him, and, after some kind expostulations upon what he had written, assured him of his esteem, and dismissed him with a promise of the next good abbey that should fall, which he accordingly conferred upon him in a few months after. This had so good an effect upon the author, that he dedicated the second edition of his book to the cardinal, after having expunged the passages which had given him offence. Though in the various examples which I have here drawn together, these several great men behaved themselves very differently towards the wits of the age who had reproached them, they all of them plainly showed that they were very sensible of their reproaches, and consequently that they received them as very great injuries. For my own part, I would never trust a man that I thought was capable of giving these secret wounds; and cannot but think that he would hurt the person, whose reputation he thus assaults, in his body or in his fortune, could he do it with the same security. There is indeed something very barbarous and inhuman in the ordinary scribblers of lampoons. I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate writers that, without any malice, have sacrificed the reputation of their friends and acquaintance to a certain levity of temper, and a silly ambition of distinguishing themselves by a spirit of raillery and satire; as if it were not infinitely more honourable to be a good-natured man than a wit. Where there is this little petulant humor in an author, he is often very mischievous without designing to be so.Comprehension Questions:31. According to the author, those who want to trivializesatire tend to suggest that_______________.a. the damage is immaterialb. the effect is mere buffooneryc. wit is a streak of geniusd. the mischief must be taken in a spirit of raillery32. What would be the best strategy for the object of satire to adopt, according to the author?a. To take no heed.b. To placate the author.c. To take offence.d. To suffer the consequences.33. The main purpose of this article is ________________.a. the derision of the perpetrators of satireb. a warning against mischievous scribblersc. creating understanding of the genred. reproaching fellow satirists34. When the author speaks of ―this little petulant humor‖it is evident that he means________________.a. good-natured witb. the choleric temperc. a silly ambitiond. submission35. In view of the opinion of the author, it is unlikely that the author is a ________________.a. man of lettersb. satiristc. witd. a good-natured man Passage 4Alexander the Great’s conquests in the Eastern Mediterranean initiated a series of profound cultural transformations in the ancient centers of urban civilization of the Fertile Crescent. The final destruction of native rule and the imposition of an alien elite culture instigated a cultural discourse—Hellenism—which irrevocably marked all participants, both conquerors and conquered. This discourse was particularly characterized by a transformation of indigenous cultural traditions, necessitated by their need to negotiate their place in a new social order. As Bowerstock has argued, the process of Hellenization did not accomplish the wholesale replacement of indigenous cultural traditions with Greek civilization. Instead, it provided a new cultural vocabulary through which much pre-existing cultural tradition was often able to find new expression. This phenomenon is especially intriguing as it relates to language and literacy. The ancient civilizations of the Syro-Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultural spheres were, of course, literate, possessing indigenous literary traditions already of great antiquity at the time of the Macedonian conquests. The disenfranchisement of traditional elites by the imposition of Greek rule had the related effect of displacing many of the traditional social structures where in indigenous literacy functioned and was taught—in particular, the institutions of the palace and the temple. A new language of power, Greek, replaced the traditional language of these institutions. This had the unavoidable effect of displacing the traditional writing systems associated with these indigenous languages. Traditional literacy’s longstanding association with the centers of social and political authority began to be eroded.Naturally, the eclipse of traditional, indigenous literacy did not occur overnight. The decline of Cuneiform and Hieroglyphicliteracies was a lengthy process. Nor was the nature of their respective declines identical. Akkadian, the ancient language of Mesopotamian court and temple culture, vanished forever, along with cuneiform writing, in the first century CE. Egyptian lived on beyond the disappearance of hieroglyphic in the fourth century CE in the guise of Coptic, to succumb as a living, spoken language of daily social intercourse only after the Islamic conquest of Egypt. Even then, Coptic survives to this day as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church. This latter point draws attention to an aspect of the decline of these indigenous literacies worthy of note: it is in the sphere of religion that these literacies are often preserved longest, after they have been superseded in palace circles—the last dated cuneiform text we have is an astrological text; the last dated hieroglyphic text a votive graffito. This should cause little surprise. The sphere of religion is generally one of the most conservative of cultural subsystems. The local need to negotiate the necessities of daily life and individual and collective identity embodied in traditional religious structures is slow to change and exists in ongoing dialogue with the more readily changeable royal and/or state ideologies that bind various locales together in an institutional framework.The process of ―Hellenization‖ of the an cient cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean provides us, then, with an opportunity to observe the on-going effect on traditional, indigenous literacy of the imposition of a new status language possessed of its own distinct writing system. The cultural politics of written and spoken language-use in such contexts has been much discussed and it is clear that the processes leading to the adoption of a new language—in written form, or spoken form, or both—in some cultural spheres and the retention of traditional languages inothers are complex. Factors including the imposition of a new language from above, adoption of a new language of social prestige from below, as well as preservation of older idioms of traditional statusin core cultural institutions, must have affected different sectors of a conquered society in different fashions and at different rates.Comprehension Questions:36. The languages that have to some extent managed to survive Hellenization did so in what area?a. In palace circles.b. In governmental institutions.c. In the religious sphere.d. In philological circles.37. Which aspect of society, according to the passage, is one of the most resistant to change?a. Monarchical institutions.b. Religious institutions.c. Linguistic norms.d. State ideologies.38. In the first paragraph, you saw the underlined word disenfranchisement. Choose, among thefollowing expressions, the closest in similar meaning.a. the removal of power, right and/or privilegeb. a strong sense of disappointmentc. the prohibition of the right to conduct businessd. the loss of social position39. Who was the leader of the Macedonian Conquest?a. King Philip of Macedon.b. Pericles of Athens.。
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2015贵州大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、贵州大学考博英语题型Part1:选择填空50个小题，共25分，前20题是（四选一），后30个是按所给4项答案的正确形式填空，相当于完形填空。
Part2:阅读理解5篇，共25分，每篇5小题（四选一）。
Part3:翻译，共30分，（英译汉5句话，共15分，是翻译一段文字里指定的5句话；汉译英，共15分，是大约翻译200字左右的一整段文字。
）Part4:共20分，要求词数不得少于250个词。
三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。
因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。
如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征：(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段，听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见，对于考博阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析：（1）主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
（2）常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢？通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。
也许，在做考博阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况，较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
（3）暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心；对于非中心，考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：1）所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2）转折和因果。
在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如：because，for，but，however……3）表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以平时应做好积累。
例如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，according to，find，think，believe，show，point out，content，acclaim，say等4）特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、（）、“”等。
5）情态动词。
should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。
6）特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。
7）有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。
（4）选项特点1）正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述；原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。
e、具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。
2）干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文，个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语，如only，always，never，all，everything，anything，everywhere，everybody，nobody。