英语专业写作基础教程1-6单元笔记

The place of titles

The title or the topic of the essay should be placed in the middle of the first line.

（标题书写中应该注意的地方

1.Every word of the title should be capitalized except articles,preositions,coordinating,conjunctions and to in infinitives.

2.But if one of these words is the first or last word of the title, it should be capitalized.

3.The title of a book within the topic should be underlined,and the title of an article should be put between quotation marks引号.）

Word division

即单词划分(当一行写到末尾时候，可能出现一个单词写不完的情况，这是需要用到单词划分。)

1．重读闭音节通常在辅音字母后面断开。如，fin ish

2．以辅音字母加le结尾的通常在辅音字母前断开。如，peo ple 3．一个字母不能单独放在行中或行末。

4．以两个字母的后缀结尾的，不能在后缀处划分。如，hand ed，hard en

5．一页的最后一个单词不能被划开，且需写到下一页。

6．合成词应在练此符号出断开。如，broad minded

7．有两个连续相同辅音字母的双音节词，在相同的两个辅音字母中间断开。如，lat ter

8．人名应避免被拆开。如，Dickens

9．容易引起误解的应避免。如，re ally，lay man

10．连续几行的行尾单词划分需要避免。

Capitalization

Capitalized words are used mainly in three places: proper names, key words in titles, and the first words of sentences.

Punctuation(标点符号)及其用途

(一)The Comma （，）逗号

1.A comma is used to join coordinate clauses, it is put before the

conjunction.

2.A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase, including a

prepositional and a participial phrase before the subject, or inserted in the middle of the sentence.

mas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with the

same function in the sentence:

4.Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off by commas

mas set off parenthetical elements

6.In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the order

is month—day—year; no comma need be used if the order is day—month—year.

7.With numbers of 1 000 or over, commas or little blank spaces may be

used to separate digits by thousands. Form right to left, a commas is placed after every three numerals.

(二)The Period （. ）句号

1.The period is used at the end of a declarative sentence, a mildly

imperative sentence, and an indirect question.

2.The period is used with most abbreviations.

3.Three spaced period make the ellipsis mark, which indicates the

omission of one or more words within a quoted passage.

(三)The Semicolon （;）分号

1.The semicolon is used between two coordinate clauses which are not

linked by a conjunction.

2.Conjunctive adverbs like therefore, however, nonetheless, hence,

otherwise, besides, moreover, etc., should not be used as conjunctions to link two coordinate clauses, before them there should be a semicolon, not a comma.

3.The semicolon is used with conjunctions when the clauses contain

internal punctuation.

4.The semicolon is used to separate a series of items with internal

commas.

5.A semicolon may be used to join clauses with words omitted, and the

omission is sometimes indicated by a comma.

(四)The Colon （：）冒号

1.The colon is used to introduce a quotation or a statement.