高中英语时态精讲

英语动词的时态

The plane leaves tomorrow morning. 飞机明晨起飞。

此句中的时态为一般现在时，但是它所表示的时间却为将来（明晨）

英语动词的常用时态总共有十六种：

一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时过去进行时

一般将来时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时

将来完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时

1．一般现在时

一般现在时的形式

是以动词的原形表示的，当主语为第三人称单数时，做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or –es, 其构成方式列表如下：am/is/are +do

1. 表示一直发生的事情，经常发生的动作：

Nurses look after patients in hospitals.

Excuse me, do you speak English?

I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.

It often rains in summer in Beijing.

2. 表示客观事实或者真理：

Birds fly. The earth goes around the sun.

3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等，如：

What time does the film begin?

The football match starts at 8 o’clock.

2.一般过去时was/were +do

一般过去时是过去发生的动作，对现在没什么影响

1）表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动，如：

He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间，但是现在不在那里工作了)。

They once saw Deng Xiaopin.

Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?

2) 表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动，如：

When did you meet him?

I met him yesterday.

When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.

Where have you been?

I’ve been to the opera.

Did you enjoy it?

3) 表示过去的习惯

He always carried an umbrella.

They never drank wine.

现在完成时的形式has /have +done

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响

现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与现在有密切联系，如：

------Oh,dear, I’ve forgotten her name.

和现在的联系就是I don’t remember her name now.

------Fort has gone to Canada.

和现在的联系就是He is not here. He is in Canada now.

1) 表示延续到现在的动作（有时是总计做了多少次等）。

How many times have you been to the United States?

She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.

Tom has lived in Now York all his life.

2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动，如：

I haven’t se en you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。（说话时刻已经见到了）This room hasn’t been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了)

3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，如：

The window has broken.

4) 和最高级连用，表示到现在为止是最……的

What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.

Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I’ve ever read.

5) 和句型This is the first time…, It’s the first time 连用，如：

This is the first time he has driven a car.

(相当于he has never driven a car before.)

Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?

Professor Joh nson has lost his passport again. It’s the second time he has lost it.

6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用，如：

Have you ever eaten French cheese?

We have never had a private car.

Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)

Would you like something to eat?

No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.

Don’t forget to mail the letter, will you?

I’ve already mailed it. (already 表示比预料的要快)

7）与since 连用，since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用，表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”，它总是与完成时连用，如：

She has been here since 6 o’clock.

He hasn’t been himself since the accident. （那次事故后，他从未完全康复）Since I was a child I have lived in England.

一般过去时与现在完成时的比较

1）过去时仅仅表示过去，现在完成时还表示与现在的关系，如：

He has lost his key.

He lost his key.