剑桥雅思8阅读解析test1精编版
(完整word版)剑桥雅思8阅读理解解析含翻译
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE 1-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, 'says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. ' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun)would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from………………………….5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used……………….6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its……………….Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionisation by removing electrons from 7 …………………………. This laser is then directed at 8 …………………………in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9 …………………………. As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at 10………………………….A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构体裁说明文主题用激光回击闪电结构第1段：闪电带来的危害第2段：科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法第3段：先前的闪电回击术介绍第4段：火箭回击术的缺陷第5段：更安全的激光回击术第6段：激光回击术的技术原理第7段：激光回击术的缺陷第8段：通过实地实验改进激光回击术第9段：激光回击术对其他学科也有益处第10段：激光回击术的其他用途解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
雅思阅读：例题详解--剑八T1P1为例
雅思阅读：例题详解--剑八T1P1为例下面为大家整理了雅思阅读例题详析，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。
今天详细讲解突破雅思剑8之Test1之Passage1。
翻开雅思剑桥系列，首先浏览题目，留下总体印象是：一共有三种题型，前两个题型是Matching题，而最后一个是填图题。
然后进行分析，最后的填图题型，应该可以一眼判断是小段落的信息填空，不需要畏惧，顺着文章读下去，水到自然会渠成。
而比较棘手的是前两个Matching题型，1-4题是InformationContained题，而5-8题则属于TraditionalMatching题(也就是变形的人名与理论搭配题)，二者都是乱序的。
再次确定和辨析完Matching题目的属性后，大家不禁心里多少会有些紧张吧。
因为这类乱序的题目的确是比较棘手。
但无论形式如何复杂，只要一步步按部就班的划出KeyWords，再回原文定位，一切题目都是可以解决的。
小贴士：所谓划出KeyWords，就是找出雅思阅读原文中的重要信息点(通常也为考点所在)，使题干一目了然，最重要的还是确定了KeyWords之后，能够顺利地返回原文进行定位，从而顺利解题。
在此，小编就拙劣地给出一些自己的解题思路吧：1.KWs：coldtemperature;与第4段中的freezingweather信息点相对应2.KWs：farmingcommunities;与第2段中的agriculture信息点相对应。
小编在此还要罗嗦几句。
这题，小编自己也做错了，错误地定位到了第1段中的regulateplantingandharvesting。
所以，题目在这里还有一个重要的KWs一开始容易被忽略，那就是theimportanceof，与第2段中的crucial一词相呼应。
如果两个KWs和相对应原文中的信息点都找对的话，这题就一定不会出错的~3.KWs：originsofthependulum;与第6段末尾处中的apendulumclockhadbeendevised 相对应。
雅思真题剑八Test 1 reading 1--a chronicle of timekeeping
2. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it orgranised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year. 语法点：时间状语从句 参考译文：随着罗马帝国向北扩张，它的活 动图表通常都是根据回归年而编排的。
3. at least 至少 反义词：at most There were at most twenty people in the classroom. 教室里最多不过20人。 4. coordinate vt.调节，协调，配合 The agencies are working together to coordinate policy on food safety. 派：名词 coordination coordinator 协调 者 形容词 coordinative 5. communal activities 社区活动 6. in particular 特别，尤其
3. annual adj.每年的, 年度的 an ~ income年收入 4. span n.时期, 跨度, 间距 vt.延续, 横跨, 贯穿, 遍及, 弥补 5. the ~ of life 人的一生 = lifespan 寿命 = life circle the ~ of a bridge桥的全 长 His professional career spanned 16 years. 他的职业生涯持续了 16 年。 Many bridges span the Thames. 很多桥横 亘在泰晤士河上。
7. regulate vt. 管理,规定; 限制,管理; 整顿; 管制 = manage，govern 派：名词regulation 规则，规章 = rule 8. base on 基于，以…为基础 • 9. successive adj. 连续的，相继的 同 义词：continuous • The team has had five successive victories. 球队已经取得5次连续的胜利。 • Successive governments have tried to deal with this issue. 历届政府都试图解决 这个问题。
剑桥雅思8阅读解析【答案;范文】
我的托福雅思必过
剑桥雅思8阅读解析【答案范文】
剑桥雅思8阅读解析包括了详细的答案及范文，剑桥雅思是官方指定的复习资料，深受中国考生的欢送。
今天为大家收集了剑桥雅思阅读8解析的详细内容，同学们可以适当的参考一下！
剑桥雅思8阅读解析包括test1、2、3个局部，每个局部都做了详细的解答，感兴趣的同学记得耐着性子看完。
〔此内容来源互联网如有问题请及时跟我们联系〕剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage1
体裁
主要内容：
由古及今介绍计时的历史。
说明文
A 段:介绍古巴比伦人的计时方法。
B 段:月亮对于历法计时的社会重要性。
C 段:介绍古埃及人的计时方法。
结构D 段:形形色色的计时器陆续出现,尽管并不完美。
E 段:机械计时器引发各国最终统一校准开始时间。
F 段:介绍最早的重力驱动机械钟。
G 段:机械钟的进一步改进,并成为最早的座钟。
H 段:今天的计时器。
解析：
Questions 1-4
● 题型归类:Matching 此题解题时可先划出题目中的关键词,然后迅速回到文章寻找其同义替换后的对应词。
其间可大致通过题目中的关键词猜想其在文章的位置与段落特点。
Questions 5-8
● 题型归类:Matching 此题为两局部匹配题。
可先划出句子中关键词,然后根据题目中需进行匹配的第二局部所出现的国家名称,在其周围寻找所划关键词的同义替换。
剑桥雅思八阅读详解TEST1234整合原创版
剑桥雅思八阅读详解TEST1READING PASSAGE 1 计时器发展史段落配对题1, 排除全文都含有的关键词“TIME KEEPING”哪里都有就不是关键词“cold temperature”回答原文中找答案。
D段结尾”often freezing weather of”同义重现。
2，如果题目中定语和修饰成分太长，则把关键词落在靠后的位置，做题就比较有效。
关键词“Calendar, farming” B段出现了两个原形重现，很容易选出。
3，关键词pendulum（clock），origin’s段倒数第2行”a pendulum clock had been devised”.发明制造出来。
4，”(calculate) uniform hours”. E段第2行”to keeping equal ones”上半句提到了”one”指的就是”hours””；”equal”的意思就是uniform”.5，答案B。
原文分为两大部分ABC第一部分讨论的是”calendar”一年之内的计时器，DEFGH第二部分讨论的是一天之内计时器clock。
所以第五第八题三选二，很好做。
6，答案E。
“two equal hakves” 原文在本段最后一句7，答案G. 关键词”new shape”原文第二行” was a lever based devise shaped like a ship’s anchor.”8,答案A。
关键词”organize-event-schedule”原文第三行”co-ordinate activities…plant-regulate.”9-13题。
该题型为100%集中在了某一段找答案；图上有标题“1670”就是关键词。
很快即可定义在G段。
注意：答案小于等于2个词9，resembling好像…一样shape like答案：ship’s anchor(第二行)10，escape wheel11，tooth 第四行12，long pendulum13, second倒数第二行。
【参考文档】剑桥八阅读答案-优秀word范文 (11页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==剑桥八阅读答案篇一：剑桥雅思8真题及解析Test1阅读目录剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage1 ....................................................... .. (2)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage2 ....................................................... .. (7)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage3 ....................................................... (12)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage1体裁主要内容：由古及今介绍计时的历史。
说明文A 段 :介绍古巴比伦人的计时方法。
B 段 :月亮对于历法计时的社会重要性。
C 段 :介绍古埃及人的计时方法。
结构D 段 :形形色色的计时器陆续出现,尽管并不完美。
E 段 :机械计时器引发各国最终统一校准开始时间。
F 段 :介绍最早的重力驱动机械钟。
G 段 :机械钟的进一步改良,并成为最早的座钟。
H 段 :今天的计时器。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 1-4● 题型归类 :Matching 本题解题时可先划出题目中的关键词,然后迅速回到文章寻找其同义替换后的对应词。
其间可大致通过题目中的关键词猜测其在文章的位置与段落特点。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 5-8● 题型归类 :Matching 本题为两部分匹配题。
可先划出句子中关键词,然后根据题目中需名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 9-13?● 题型归类 :Diagram通过题目中的时间标志(1670 年)可迅速定位到文章 G 段。
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案解析（test1）
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案解析(test1)雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读4test1原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.A Chronicle of TimekeepingOur conception of time depends on the way we measure itA According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting. They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.B Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social impact. And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons. Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more crucial. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it organised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year.C Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year. Each period of ten days was marked by the appearance of special groups of stars called decans. At the rise of the star Sirius just before sunrise, which occurred around the all-important annual flooding of the Nile, 12 decans could be seen spanning the heavens. The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts. These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons. Summer hours were long, winter ones short; only at the spring and autumn equinoxes were the hours of daylight and darkness equal. Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who disseminated them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.D In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials, which indicate time by the length or direction of the sun's shadow. The sundial's counterpart, the water clock, was designed to measure temporal hours at night. One of the first water clocks was a basin with a small hole near the bottom through which the water dripped out. The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface. Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.E The advent of the mechanical clock meant that although itcould be adjusted to maintain temporal hours, it was naturally suited to keeping equal ones. With these, however, arose the question of when to begin counting, and so, in the early 14th century, a number of systems evolved. The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and 'great clock' hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight. Eventually these were superseded by 'small clock', or French, hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight.F The earliest recorded weight-driven mechanical clock was built in 1283 in Bedfordshire in England. The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. In the early 1400s came the invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant force to the gear wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its mainspring. By the 16th century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc and thus was not very efficient.G To address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship's anchor. The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount. Unlike the original form used in early pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the pendulum to travel in a very small arc. Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once asecond and thus led to the development of a new floor-standing case design, which became known as the grandfather clock.H Today, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices. Nearly all computers contain a quartz-crystal clock to regulate their operation. Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids. So integral have these time-based technologies become to day-to-day existence that our dependency on them is recognised only when they fail to work.Questions 1-4Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs, A-H.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1 a description of an early timekeeping invention affected by cold temperatures2 an explanation of the importance of geography in the development of the calendarin farming communities3 a description of the origins of the pendulum clock4 details of the simultaneous efforts of different societies to calculate time usinguniform hoursQuestions 5-8Look at the following events (Questions 5-8) and the list of nationalities below.Match each event with the correct nationality, A-F.sheet.5 They devised a civil calendar in which the months were equal in length.6 They divided the day into two equal halves.7 They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper.8 They created a calendar to organise public events and work schedules.List of NationalitiesA BabyloniansB EgyptiansC GreeksD EnglishE GermansF FrenchQuestions 9-13Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.图片10READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on ReadingPassage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-19Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A and C-G from the list below.sheet.List of Headingsi Disobeying FAA regulationsii Aviation disaster prompts actioniii Two coincidental developmentsiv Setting altitude zonesv An oversimplified viewvi Controlling pilots’ lice ncesvii Defining airspace categoriesviii Setting rules to weather conditionsix Taking off safelyx First steps towards ATC14 Paragraph AExample AnswerParagraph B x15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph E18 Paragraph F19 Paragraph GAIR TRAFFIC CONTROLIN THE USAA An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. The resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly increased the safety of flight in the United States, and similar air traffic control procedures are alsoin place over much of the rest of the world.B Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well before the Grand Canyon disaster. As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross-country routes to establish the earliest airways. However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was coming into use for ATC. The first region to have something approximating today's ATC was New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after.C In the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War, but the system remained rudimentary. It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots' margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.D Many people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation's airports, telling arriving and departing traffic what to do. This is a very incomplete part of the picture. The FAA realised that the airspace over the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of structure was needed to accommodate all of them.E To meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect. First, ATC extends over virtually the entire UnitedStates. In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas, mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends down to 215m above the ground, and, in the immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to the surface. Controlled airspace is that airspace in which FAA regulations apply. Elsewhere, in uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer regulations. In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.F The FAA then recognised two types of operating environments. In good meteorological conditions, flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely. On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace. However, a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is above and beyond the basic pilot's license that must also be held.G Controlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by letters of the alphabet. Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while controlled airspace below 5,490m above sea level and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All airspace above 5,490m is designated Class A. The reason for thedivision of Class E and Class A airspace stems from the type of planes operating in them. Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop aircraft. Above 5,490m is the realm of the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes. The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control of the entire space is essential. Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of airports. These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations. For example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C airspace is establish two-way radio contact with ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B airspace, such as on approach to a major metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is required. The private pilot who cruises without permission into this airspace risks losing their license.Questions 20-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this20 The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.21 Air Traffic Control started after the Grand Canyon crash in 1956.22 Beacons and flashing lights are still used by ATC today.23 Some improvements were made in radio communication during World War II.24 Class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports.25 All aircraft in Class E airspace must use IFR.26 A pilot entering Class C airspace is flying over an average-sized city.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.TELEPATHYCan human beings communicate by thought alone? For more than a century the issue of telepathy has divided the scientific community, and even today it still sparks bitter controversy among top academicsSince the 1970s, parapsychologists at leading universities and research institutes around the world have risked the derision of sceptical colleagues by putting the various claims for telepathy to the test in dozens of rigorous scientific studies. The results and their implications are dividing even the researchers who uncovered them.Some researchers say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine. Other parapsychologists believe the field is on the brink of collapse, having tried to produce definitive scientific proof and failed. Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however: that the most impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called 'ganzfeld'experiments, a German term that means 'whole field'. Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals' passing between people that were so faint that they were usually swamped by normal brain activity. In this case, such signals might be more easily detected by those experiencing meditation — like tranquillity in a relaxing 'whole field' of light, sound and warmth.The ganzfeld experiment tries to recreate these conditions with participants sitting in soft reclining chairs in a sealed room, listening to relaxing sounds while their eyes are covered with special filters letting in only soft pink light. In early ganzfeld experiments, the telepathy test involved identification of a picture chosen from a random selection of four taken from a large image bank. The idea was that a person acting as a 'sender' would attempt to beam the image over to the 'receiver' relaxing in the sealed room. Once the session was over, this person was asked to identify which of the four images had been used. Random guessing would give a hit-rate of 25 per cent; if telepathy is real, however, the hit-rate would be higher. In 1982, the results from the first ganzfeld studies were analysed by one of its pioneers, the American parapsychologist Charles Honorton. They pointed to typical hit-rates of better than 30 per cent — a small effect, but one which statistical tests suggested could not be put down to chance.The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real evidence for telepathy. But there was a crucial flaw in this argument —one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas of science. Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were manyother ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' — where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver —to outright fraud. In response, the researchers issued a review of all the ganzfeld studies done up to 1985 to show that 80 per cent had found statistically significant evidence. However, they also agreed that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future research.After this, many researchers switched to autoganzfeld tests — an automated variant of the technique which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as the random selection of images. By minimising human involvement, the idea was to minimise the risk of flawed results. In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-analysis', a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies. Though less compelling than before, the outcome was still impressive.Yet some parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual ganzfeld studies. Defenders of telepathy point out that demanding impressive evidence from every study ignores one basic statistical fact: it takes large samples to detect small effects. If, as current results suggest, telepathy produces hit-rates only marginally above the 25 per cent expected by chance, it's unlikely to be detected by a typical ganzfeld study involving around 40 people: the group is just not big enough. Only when many studies are combined in a meta-analysis will the faint signal of telepathy really become apparent. And that is what researchers do seem to be finding.What they are certainly not finding, however, is any changein attitude of mainstream scientists: most still totally reject the very idea of telepathy. The problem stems at least in part from the lack of any plausible mechanism for telepathy.Various theories have been put forward, many focusing on esoteric ideas from theoretical physics. They include 'quantum entanglement', in which events affecting one group of atoms instantly affect another group, no matter how far apart they may be. While physicists have demonstrated entanglement with specially prepared atoms, no-one knows if it also exists between atoms making up human minds. Answering such questions would transform parapsychology. This has prompted some researchers to argue that the future lies not in collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in probing possible mechanisms. Some work has begun already, with researchers trying to identify people who are particularly successful in autoganzfeld trials. Early results show that creative and artistic people do much better than average: in one study at the University of Edinburgh, musicians achieved a hit-rate of 56 per cent. Perhaps more tests like these will eventually give the researchers the evidence they are seeking and strengthen the case for the existence of telepathy.Questions 27-30Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 Researchers with differing attitudes towards telepathy agree on28 Reports of experiences during meditation indicated29 Attitudes to parapsychology would alter drastically with30 Recent autoganzfeld trials suggest that success rates will improve withA the discovery of a mechanism for telepathyB the need to create a suitable environment for telepathy.C their claims of a high success rate.D a solution to the problem posed by random guessing.E the significance of the ganzfeld experiments.F a more careful selection of subjects.G a need to keep altering conditions.Questions 31-40Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 31-40 on your answer sheet.Telepathy ExperimentsName/DateDescription Result FlawGanzfeldStudies1982 Involved a personacting as a31..............who picked out one32............froma random selectionof four, and a33..............,who then tried toidentify it. Hit-rates werehigher than withrandom guessing. Positive resultscould be producedby factors such as34..............or35.............. .Autoganzfeldstudies1987 36.............were used for keytasks to limit theamount of37..............in carrying out thetest. The results werethen subjected toa 38............. The 39..........between differenttest results wasput down to thefact that samplegroups were not40...................(aswith most ganzfeldStudies).剑桥雅思阅读8原文参考译文test1PASSAGE 1参考译文：时间记录的历史我们对时间的概念取决于我们测量时间的方式有考古证据表明，至少5000年前，早在罗马帝国尚未出现之时，巴比伦人就开始测量时间，他们引进日历来统筹公共活动，计划货物装运，特别是管控作物种植和收割。
雅思真题剑八Test1reading1achronicleoftimeke
calendar 6. empire n. 帝国
长难句
1. According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular to regulate planting and harvesting.
• The team has had five successive victories. 球队已经取得5次连续的胜利。
• Successive governments have tried to deal with this issue. 历届政府都试图解决 这个问题。
• 10. rotate vt.& vi. （使某物）旋转； 使转动； 使轮流，轮 换； 交替 名词：rotation
• revolve vt.& vi. 使旋转； 反复考虑； 使循环 名词： revolution
• 同义词辨析： • rotate： 侧重指物体围绕自己的轴或中心旋转，即自转。 • revolve： 强调指物体围绕本身以外的中心旋转，即公转。 • roll： 指某物在平面上滚动或翻滚。 • spin： 指沿内轴迅速而连续旋转，或沿外部一个点作快速圆
6. in particular 特别，尤其
雅思剑桥8test1passage1阅读
雅思剑桥8 Test 1 Passage 1 阅读概述本文主要介绍了雅思剑桥8 Test 1 Reading Passage 1的内容。
阅读中，作者探讨了石油与经济之间的关系。
文章介绍了石油的历史背景、生产过程、利用领域以及对经济和环境的影响。
正文I. 石油的历史背景石油是一种可以从地下提炼出的燃料，经过精炼后可以用于动力、照明、加热等多个领域。
其使用历史可以追溯到数千年前。
最早被人类使用的石油是自然出露的油脂，人们将其当作药品或建筑材料使用。
II. 石油的生产过程石油的生产过程通常包括勘探、开采和提炼。
勘探是指找到潜在的石油资源，并确定其储量和质量。
开采是指采取合适的技术手段，将石油从地下取出。
提炼是指将原油中的杂质去除，并通过不同的精炼工艺分离出不同的产品。
III. 石油的利用领域石油广泛应用于交通运输、工业生产和能源供应等领域。
在交通中，石油被用作燃料，如汽车、飞机和船只等都需要石油来提供动力。
工业生产中，石油往往被用作原料，如化学工业中的塑料制品等。
此外，石油也是许多国家能源供应体系的重要组成部分。
IV. 石油对经济的影响石油对经济有着深远的影响。
首先，石油是许多国家的重要能源资源，其价格的波动会直接影响全球经济形势。
石油价格的上升会增加国家的石油进口成本，导致能源供应紧张和通货膨胀等问题。
其次，石油产业本身也是一个庞大的经济体系，涉及到勘探、开采、提炼和销售等多个环节，创造了大量的就业机会和财富。
最后，石油产业的发展还会带动相关产业的发展，如石油设备、化工产品和运输等。
V. 石油对环境的影响石油的使用对环境有着重要的影响。
首先，石油的燃烧会产生大量的二氧化碳等温室气体，加剧了全球气候变暖的问题。
其次，石油的开采和提炼过程会对地下水和土壤造成污染。
此外，油船事故和石油泄漏也是石油对环境的一种影响，这些事故会导致海洋生态系统的破坏和鱼类资源的减少。
结论综上所述，石油作为一种重要的能源资源，对经济和环境都有着深远的影响。
剑8test1阅读答案
剑8test1阅读答案【篇一：剑桥雅思8阅读解析test1passage2】txt>剑桥雅思8阅读解析test1passage2摘要：剑桥雅思8阅读资料在网上并不多，想要这方面资料的烤鸭，可以去小马雅思频道上面看看，今天小马小编带来剑桥雅思8阅读解析test1passage2，希望大家能好好看看。
剑桥雅思 8阅读解析test1passage2名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：剑桥雅思阅读文章结构体裁：说明为主主要内容：介绍美国空中交通管制制度。
结构：a 段 :美国联邦航空局(faa)建立的原因。
b 段 :早期的空中交通管理制度。
c 段 :通讯和喷气引擎的改良使空中交通管制势在必行。
d 段 :关于空中管制的片面的看法。
e 段 :飞行区域的高度划分。
f 段 :根据天气情况制定飞行规则。
g 段 :管控飞行区域的具体类别。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：questions 14-19● 题型归类 :list of headings 这种题型考查考生对于文章段落整体结构的把握。
建议读文章时以句子为单位进行阅读,而非以单词为最小阅读单位。
阅读文章,并按照主题句→关键词→同义替换的步骤解题,即 :找出段落中主题句,再找出主题句中的关键词,然后到所给选项中选择其同义替换后的答案。
由于 70% 的学术性写作采用演绎法,即先陈述观点,再加以详细证明,故主题句常常出现在段首。
若段首未见主题句,此时文章可能采取归纳法写作,则可去段尾寻找。
若段落中皆为具体细节描写,则选项多为其对应的抽象概括词。
主题句中的关键词往往是去掉修饰限制的细节的句子主干。
但是多数关键词要经过同义替换后才是正确选项。
除非特殊情况如无法替换的具体名词或专有名词,否则正确选项中通常很少出现文章中的原词。
原文中原词出现过多的选项则往往是用作干扰的错误选项。
题目编号题目选项句意段落主题句题解14ii 飞机失事灾难促进采取行动a 段第 1 句答案 ii 本段第 1 句讲述飞机失事是美国联邦航空总署成立原因,第 2 句简述其建立的结果影响。
最新剑桥8真题阅读解析
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE 1-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by powercompanies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, ' says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. 'And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at theclouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun)would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thoughtto be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
(完整版)剑桥雅思8阅读Test1Passage3
Reading Passage 3篇章结构解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：TABLE COMPLETION→SENIENCE COMPLETION友情提示：大部分TABLE COMPLETION的题目都比较容易，尽量先将其解决。
通过题干粗略定位，发现此SENTENCE COMPLETION为全文考查型，所以一定要最后再做。
必背词汇1. constitute v. 组成，构成Female workers constitute the majority of the labour force. 女性职员构成了劳动力的大半。
The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society. 犯罪率上升对社会构成了威胁。
2. genuine adj. 真的；真诚的We need laws that will protect genuine refugees. 我们需要能够保护真正难民的法律。
The reforms are motivated bv a genuine concern for the disabled.这些改革的动机是出于对残疾人真正的关心。
3. suspect v. 猜想，怀疑I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine. 我怀疑发动机出了问题。
The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 这种药物被怀疑造成了200多人死亡。
4. seal v. 封闭，密封The organs are kept in sealed plastic bags. 这些器官被保存在密封的塑料袋中。
He wrote the address and sealed the envelope. 他写好地址并封好信封。
5. reveal v. 展现，揭露Details of the murder were revealed by the local paper. 谋杀的细节被当地报纸披露出来。
剑8test1阅读答案
剑8test1阅读答案【篇一：剑桥雅思8阅读解析test1passage2】txt>剑桥雅思8阅读解析test1passage2摘要：剑桥雅思8阅读资料在网上并不多，想要这方面资料的烤鸭，可以去小马雅思频道上面看看，今天小马小编带来剑桥雅思8阅读解析test1passage2，希望大家能好好看看。
剑桥雅思 8阅读解析test1passage2名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：剑桥雅思阅读文章结构体裁：说明为主主要内容：介绍美国空中交通管制制度。
结构：a 段 :美国联邦航空局(faa)建立的原因。
b 段 :早期的空中交通管理制度。
c 段 :通讯和喷气引擎的改良使空中交通管制势在必行。
d 段 :关于空中管制的片面的看法。
e 段 :飞行区域的高度划分。
f 段 :根据天气情况制定飞行规则。
g 段 :管控飞行区域的具体类别。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：questions 14-19● 题型归类 :list of headings 这种题型考查考生对于文章段落整体结构的把握。
建议读文章时以句子为单位进行阅读,而非以单词为最小阅读单位。
阅读文章,并按照主题句→关键词→同义替换的步骤解题,即 :找出段落中主题句,再找出主题句中的关键词,然后到所给选项中选择其同义替换后的答案。
由于 70% 的学术性写作采用演绎法,即先陈述观点,再加以详细证明,故主题句常常出现在段首。
若段首未见主题句,此时文章可能采取归纳法写作,则可去段尾寻找。
若段落中皆为具体细节描写,则选项多为其对应的抽象概括词。
主题句中的关键词往往是去掉修饰限制的细节的句子主干。
但是多数关键词要经过同义替换后才是正确选项。
除非特殊情况如无法替换的具体名词或专有名词,否则正确选项中通常很少出现文章中的原词。
原文中原词出现过多的选项则往往是用作干扰的错误选项。
题目编号题目选项句意段落主题句题解14ii 飞机失事灾难促进采取行动a 段第 1 句答案 ii 本段第 1 句讲述飞机失事是美国联邦航空总署成立原因,第 2 句简述其建立的结果影响。
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Passage1Question 1答案： D关键词： early timekeeping invention, cold temperatures定位原文: D段最后1句“Although these devices performed…”解题思路: 全文只有该句中提及寒冷气温。
该句含义为“尽管这些装置在地中海地区十分好用，但在多云并常有严寒天气的欧洲北部却不能一直使用。
”与题干中描述的内容相符。
Question 2答案： B关键词： geography, development of the calendar, farming communities定位原文： B段内容解题思路：该段一共五句话，从第二句开始每一句话都介绍了一个地理位置的变化对calendar的影响。
分别是：And, for those living near the equator in particular,...Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes,...In more northern climes, however,...As the Roman Empire expanded northward, ...Question 3答案： F关键词： pendulum clock, origins定位原文： F段最后1句“By the 16th century…”解题思路：含义为“到了 16世纪，人们发明了摆钟。
但由于钟摆摆动弧度很大，因此并不十分有效”。
此句中devised意为“发明”，与题干中的origins对应。
Question 4答案： E关键词： simultaneous efforts, different societies, uniform hours对应原文： E段第3句“The schemes…”解题思路：含义为“人们计划将一天分为24个等份，而这些计划因为计时起点的不同而不同：意大利时间从日落开始算起，巴比伦时间从日出开始，天文学时间从中午开始，而德国一些大型公共时钟使用的‘大钟’时间从午夜开始算起”。
24 equal parts与题目中的 uniform hours 相对应, 本段中提到的各具体国家对应题目中的 different societies。
Question 5答案： B关键词： civil calendar, months, equal定位原文： C段第1句“... the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months…”解题思路：该句提到埃及人制定了市政日历，规定一年有12个月，每月有30天。
答案 B 题目中的 months were equal in length 对应文章中的 12 months of 30 days,题目中的 civil calendar 对应文章中的municipal calendar,这项发明是 Egyptians 完成的。
Question 6答案: F关键词: day, two equal halves定位原文: E段最后1句“...or French hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods …”解题思路：题目中的 divide the day into two equal halves 对应文章中的 split the day into two 12-hour periods, 具体指的是 French hours。
Question 7答案： D关键词： new cabinet shape定位原文： G段最后一句“... and thus led to the development of a new floor-standing case …”解题思路：此句中的floor-standing case design就对应着cabinet shape,且该段第一行就出现了England这个代表国家的词汇。
所以答案为D。
Question 8答案: A关键词: organise, public events定位原文: A段第1句“.. the Babylonians began to measure…”解题思路: 题目中的 organize public events 对应文章中的 co-ordinate communal activities,题目中的work schedules 对应文章中的 the shipment of goods 及 planting and harvesting, 这些都是Babylonians 的所作所为。
Question 9答案: (ship’s) anchor / (an/the) anchor关键词: escapement, resembling定位原文: G段第2句“It was called the anchor…”解题思路：通过定位词很容易找到文中定位句，此句中的like对应resembling，所以答案为(ship’s) anchor / (an/the) anchor。
Question 10答案: (escape) wheel关键词： release each tooth, wheel定位原文： G段第3句“The motion of a pendulum rocks this…”解题思路: 由图可知,本题要求找到该圆盘状物体的名称,故应有意识地寻找与该形状有关的词汇 ;另外此物体上有齿轮,这也可以作为答题线索。
根据 ...release each tooth of the escape wheel 可知,本题答案为 (escape) wheel。
Question 11答案: tooth关键词: release定位原文: G段第3句“The motion of a pendulum rocks this…”解题思路: 由图可知,本题要求找到圆盘物体的支出部分的名称。
通过解答第 10 题,可以很容易地判定本题答案为 tooth。
Question 12答案： (long)pendulum关键词： beats, each定位原文： G段最后1句“Moreover, this invention allowed…”解题思路：由图可知,本题要求找到长形物体的名称, 且应发出 beat 的动作。
同时，本题答案应为一个单数可数名词，可通过冠词帮助找到答案。
通过 G 段最后一句中的 a long pendulum which could beat once a second 可以确定本题答案为 (long) pendulum。
Question 13答案： second关键词： beats, each定位原文： G段最后1句“Moreover, this invention allowed…”解题思路：此题可与第12题同时解出，此句中的once对应题干中的each, 所以答案为second。
Passage 2Question 14答案: ii关键词: aviation disaster，prompts定位原文: A段第1句“An accident that occurred in …”解题思路: 本段第1句讲述飞机失事是美国联邦航空总署成立原因,第 2 句简述其建立的结果影响。
文章中的 an accident 与选项 ii 中的 disaster对应;文章中的result in与选项ii中的 prompt 对应 ;文章中的 the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 被抽象概括成选项 ii 中的 action。
Question 15答案: iii关键词: coincidental developments定位原文: C段前两句“In the 1940s, ATG centres could and did…”解题思路: C段首句说明了 ATC取得的第一个development, 即利用了第二次世界大战催生出的新研制的雷达和改进后的无线电通讯技术而建立的不成熟的管制系统。
第二句则提到喷气式发动机的产生突然导致大批快速飞机的出现，因此促使美国开始进行全面的空中管制，两个逗号之间的部分指出了这一development的偶然性 (fortuitous), 与 iii 中的 coincidental 含义一致。
因此答案为iii。
Question 16答案： v关键词： oversimplified定位原文： D段第1、2句“Many people think that...This is a very incomplete part of the picture.”解题思路: D段首句阐述了一个大众观点(many people think...)，接着第二句指出这个观点过于片面。
题干中的 oversimplified相当于原句中的 incomplete。
Question 17答案： iv关键词： altitude zones定位原文： E段第2句“First, ATC extends over virtually …”解题思路： E段第二句中提出让航空交通管制几乎遍及整个美国，接着分别讲述了不同高度的空域管制情况(from 365m above the ground and higher, 215m above the ground, below 365m...)因此答案为iv。
Question 18答案: viii关键词： weather conditions定位原文： F段第1句“The FAA then recognized…”解题思路: F段首句提出FAA确认了两种飞行环境。
接着对这两种环境进行了解释说明，即在气象条件良好的情况下，飞行员可按照目视飞行规则(VFR)飞行;在低能见度的情况下，飞行员则须按照仪表飞行规则(IFR)飞行。
因此答案是viii。
Question 19答案: vii关键词： airspace categories定位原文： G段第1句“Controlled airspace is divided into…”解题思路： G段首句点出此段主要阐述管制空域的分类(controlled airspace…different types)。
因此答案为vii。
文章中的 types 与选项 vii 中的 categories 对应。
Question 20答案： FALSE关键词： FAA, created as result of定位原文： A段第1句“An accident that occurred in the skies…”解题思路：文章中第 1 句明确说 FAA 成立的原因是空难, 题目中却说是由于喷气式引擎出现, 题目表述与文章矛盾。