定语从句、名词性从句as短语2012年5月12日

考研英语高频考点：As的用法和比较结构浅析

AS结构和比较结构是考研英语最常出现的语法点之一，也是考生的弱点，为了方便大家的学习，考研辅导团队特将考研英语语法中AS的用法及考点总结如下，希望对大家的复习有所帮助。

1、as用作固定短语

A.as a matter of fact adv. 事实上

I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow, as a matter of fact. 实际情况是我明天就要去北京。

B.as a whole adv. 总体上

As a whole I don’t like you, but I appreciate your life style. 总体上讲，我不喜欢你，但是我喜欢你的生活方式。

C. as far as adv. 远到，直到，至于

As far as I know, he has gone to London. 据我所知，他去了伦敦。

就我所知，他到镇子上去了。

D. as for 至于

As for her family I just know that her father died when she was 8.

E. As if 好象.。.似的仿佛.。.一样

She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。

F. as long as 只要，在.。.的时候

You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back. 只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。

G. as to 关于，至于

I don't know anything as to the others. 至于其他，我一无所知。

H. as well as adv. 也，又

98年74题： If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory。

词义推敲：

the small hot spots 小热点

refinement 更完美，提炼，改进

the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨胀说(理论)

look as expected 看上去与预计的一致”。

Triumph=victory or conquest 胜利，得胜胜利的事实，胜利或征服

refinement 更完美，提炼，改进

called：作后置定语，译作“所谓的……”，“人们称之为……”

the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨胀说(理论)

参考译文：假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。

2、翻译为“作为”

2005年text 4

As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas。

参考译文：做为一位语言学家，他承认各种语言，包括那些非标准的语言，比如黑人英语，都具有极强的表达力——世界上任何语言或是方言都能传达复杂思想。

3，as…as …和…一样

99年71题：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past。

参考译文：尽管每一位历史学家都有自己对于史学的定义，现代实践最接近符合这样一个定义，这个定义把历史看作是重新创造和解释过去重要事件的尝试。

4、not so much…as… 与其说…不如说是...

94年71题：Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools。

他们认为，科学之所以向前发展，与其说是因为天才伟人的洞察力还不如说是因为像改进了的工具和技术那些更为普通的东西。

2012考研英语：定语从句翻译指导

1.前置定语

98年 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago。

结构分析：这是一个复合句. But even more important是整个句子的状语，it was the farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定语从句，for引导原因状语从句(参见1995年71题)，在这个状语从句中，what they were seeing是主语从句，were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构，that existed…是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。

译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

02年 64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。

结构分析：这是一个复合句。主句是由两个并列的分句构成的：They are…, and they are；in which引导定语从句，修饰practices，其中is held responsible for … and given credit for …并列做定语从句的谓语，given前面省略了助动词is。

译文：自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

它们(自由和尊严)对于那种要求个人对自己的行为负责并因为其业绩而受到赞扬的做法来说，是必不可少的。

2.独立成句

当译成前置定语会使句子变得臃肿，妨碍理解的时候，最好让其独立成句。