AP2004皮拉尼真空计
皮拉尼真空计
VSP62 真空变送器 绝对压力从 1000 mbar 到 1 x 10-4 mbar (1mbar=1hPa), 750 - 1 x 10-4 Torr. VSP62 真空计基于超前专利皮拉尼测量原理,延伸其测量范围,同时保证高的分辨率。此真空计带温度补 偿,输出对数关系的电压信号 0-10V. 优点 高可靠性,卓越的重复性 结构非常紧凑,工业应用设计 宽的测量范围,高分辨率即使在抽象的真空范围 金属滤网保护灯丝,好的抵抗力针对于油和蒸汽 低功耗 减少测量腔的自热 由于金属密封的不锈钢传感器,非常适合于 UHV 应用 典型应用 分析仪器喷涂车间 冷冻干燥,冷冻法 真空炉 真空泵和真空设备 泄漏测试 过程工艺
技术参数:
测量原理 真空接触材料 测量范围
精度
热传导( Pirani 推动), 依据气体种类 不锈钢 1.4307, 镍, 钨, 玻璃 1000 - 1 x 10-4 mbar (750 - 1 x 10-4 Torr), 最大耐压 4bar 绝对压力 < 30% 读数: 1000 - 20 mbar: < 10% 读数: 20 - 2 x 10-3 mbar < factor 2: < 2 x 10-3 mbar
重复性 响应时间 供电电压 电气连接 Electrical Connection 功耗 工作温度 储藏温度 最大烘烤温度
2% 最大 200 ms 15 - 30 VDC 赫斯曼,6 针 接近 10 mA 5...+50°C -20...+70 °C 80°C 法兰处
输出信号
真空过程连接 防护等级 重量
Hale Waihona Puke 0 - 10 VDC, 测量范围 1.5 - 8.5 VDC, 对数, 1V / 十进制, 阻抗 > 10 kOh
皮拉尼真空计
皮拉尼真空计英文名称:Pirani vacuum gauge定义:利用电阻丝的阻值随温度变化的原理来测量压强的仪器。
所属学科:机械工程(一级学科);实验室仪器和装置(二级学科);真空获得仪器与装置-真空仪器与装置(三级学科)本内容由全国科学技术名词审定委员会审定公布也称电阻式真空规。
其工作原理是:真空度不同,单位体积内的空气分子数就不同,对于正在发热的电阻丝带走热量的能力(散热能力)就不同,电阻丝温度就不同,因为电阻丝的电阻率是温度的函数,所以不同的真空度就引起了电阻率的不同,则电阻就不同,电流在电阻丝上的压降就不同,根据电压的变化就能换算出空气压强,也就是测量真空度。
实际的皮拉尼真空计一般做成四臂电桥,并有用于温度补偿的电阻丝与其串联。
用于测量低于大气压的稀薄气体总压力的仪表,又称真空规。
真空计的测量单位沿用压力测量单位,压力的国际单位为帕(Pa),曾使用的单位还有托(Torr)和毫巴(mbar)等。
热阴极电离真空计(1)电子在电场中飞行时从电场获得能量,若与气体分子碰撞,将使气体分子以一定几率发生电离,产生正离子和次级电子。
其电离几率与电子能量有关。
电子在飞行路途中产生的正离子数,正比于气体密度n,在一定温度下正比于气体的压力p。
因此,可根据离子电流的大小指示真空度。
这就是电离真空计工作原理。
由灯丝加热提供电子源的电离真空计称为热阴极电离真空计,其型式繁多,各具不同特点和适用不同的压力测量范围。
热阴极电离真空计由测量规管(或规头)和电气测量电路(真空计控制单元和指示单元)组成。
规管功能是把非电量的气体压力转换成电量——离子电流(2)当气体导电时,电子与气体分子的碰撞频率跟气体分子的密度有关。
密度大,碰撞的频率就高,产生的离子也越多,气体中的电流就越强。
又由于气体分子的密度与气体的压强是直接相关的,因此,测定了气体中电流的大小,即可确定气体的压强。
根据上述原理即可制成热阴极电离真空计。
最简单的热阴极电离真空计就是一只三极管,F是灯丝电路,通电流后使灯丝受热向外发射电子。
皮拉尼真空计原理详解
皮拉尼真空计原理的原理,通过测量保持在不同温度的两固定元件表面间热能的传递来利用电阻丝随温度的变化而电阻随之变化的原理来测量的,而皮拉尼真空计,也称电阻式真空规。
其工作原理是:真空度不同,是温度的函数,所以不同的真空度就引起了电阻率的不同,则电阻就不同,电流在电阻丝上的压降就不同,根据电压的变化就能换算出空低温的气体分子碰撞高温固体时,会从固体夺取热量。
通过被气体分子夺取的热量来计算压力的真空计被成为热传导真空计。
热传导真空计主要被应用于中低真空领域。
代表性的热传导真空计包括Pirani真空计和热电偶真空计。
原理Pirani皮拉尼真空计构造如图所示。
金属圆筒内部设有一白金细线,两端连接电极。
通过电极给白金细线提供电流时,白金细线会发热,气体分子碰撞白金细线或热辐射或通过固体热传导等方式,白金线的热量会被夺走。
单位时间内以上三种方式夺走的热量为Qg,Qr,Qs,则平衡状态下时以下公式成立Q = I2R = Qg + Qr + Qs (1)Q是单位时间细线放出的热量,R是细线的电阻,I是细线的电流。
气体的平均自由行程比细线的直径大很多时,Qg通过自由分子的热传导被表示为Qg = αΛπda(T-T0)p (2)如图所示,T和T0分别为细线和金属圆筒的温度,P为气体压力,a是细线长度。
剩下的Qs和Qr可以分别表示如下Qs = Sκ(T-T0)/L (3)Qr = πdaσε(T4-T04) (4)(3)是电极的热传导,其中S是细线的断面积,κ是固体的传导率,L是电极的长度。
(4)式代表热辐射,σ和ε分别被称为常数和固体辐射率。
如果保持T和T0一定,则(3)和(4)式为常数。
如果用I02R表示一定量的固体热传导和热辐射,则式1可以表示为I2R = Ap+ I02R (5)A= αΛπda(T-T0) (6)I0是压力为0的时候细线的电流, 是弥补固体热传导和热辐射而带来的热量损失。
A式是不依存压力的定数如果已知细线的电阻R,电流I0及定数A,则可以通过(5)式求得压力P。
皮拉尼标准真空计
350-080 350-082 350-081 350-084 350-085 350-083 350-086
350-087
350-088
(DN 16 ISO-KF) (DN 16 CF-R) (1/8" NPT) (8 VCR®) (4 VCR®) (½"-管)
(7/16-20 UNF) (DN 16 ISO-KF 长管) (DN 16 CF-R 长管)
FCC 68 / RJ45, 仪表插头, 8 脚 8 芯, 加屏蔽 ≤ 100 米 (8×0.14 毫米 2)
接地 真空连接至 讯号公共端 电源公共端至 讯号公共端
暴露于真空的材料
灯丝 PSG500, PSG500-S PSG502-S
→ " 电气连接 " 通过 1MΩ 连接 (电压差 <50 V) 通导隔离, 用于 不同的测量
水平安装方向
测量讯号
有效范围 5×10-4 毫巴<p< 1000 毫巴
3.75×10-4 乇 <p< 750 乇
5×10-2 帕 <p< 1×105 帕
%
≤80,温度为+31 °C 时,当温度
上升至 +40 °C 时减至 50
仅室内,海拔高至 2000 米 NN
[毫巴]
[微米汞柱]
任意
[微巴]
[帕]
人员要求
授权人员
本说明书中所述的全部工作必须由经过技术培训和有经 验或由产品的最终用户授权的人员执行.
有效性
本文件适用于下列件号的产品:
PSG500 PSG500-S (W-丝)
350-060 350-062 350-061 350-064 350-065 350-063 350-066
皮拉尼真空计原理详解
皮拉尼真空计原理详解首先,正离子分子在电场的作用下会被加速并撞击到电极上,使得电极发生电子排斥现象,形成一个微弱电流。
这个电流被称为离子电流,其大小与真空度成正比。
当真空度较高时,正离子的数量较少,离子电流较小;而当真空度较低时,正离子的数量较多,离子电流较大。
因此,通过测量离子电流的大小,可以获得真空度的信息。
其次,电子在电场的作用下会被加速并撞击到另一个电极上,引起电子的泄漏电流。
这个电流被称为阴极电流,其大小与电极间的电压成正比。
当电压较低时,电子泄漏电流较小;而当电压较高时,电子泄漏电流较大。
阴极电流与电极的距离也有关系,当电极间的距离较大时,电子泄漏电流较小;而当电极间的距离较小时,电子泄漏电流较大。
因此,通过测量阴极电流的大小,可以判断真空度以及电极间的距离。
综上所述,皮拉尼真空计利用离子电流和阴极电流来测量真空度,并通过电流的大小来判断真空度的高低。
对于皮拉尼真空计,通常使用不同的量程来测量不同范围的真空度。
在使用皮拉尼真空计时,需要注意以下几点:1.真空计的量程选择:根据需要测量的真空度范围选择合适的皮拉尼真空计。
2.真空计的校准:真空计需要定期进行校准,以保证测量结果的准确性。
3.真空计的使用环境:避免将真空计暴露在高温、湿度或腐蚀性气体的环境中,以保证其正常工作。
4.真空计的保养和维护:定期清洁和维护真空计的电极和电路,以延长其使用寿命。
总结起来,皮拉尼真空计的原理是基于气体分子在电场中的电离现象,通过测量离子电流和阴极电流的大小来判断真空度的高低。
真空计的使用需要注意量程选择、校准、使用环境和保养维护等因素。
pirani真空计范围
pirani真空计范围Pirani真空计是一种常用的真空度测量仪器,广泛应用于科研实验室、工业生产以及航天航空等领域。
它以其高精度、稳定性和可靠性而备受青睐。
本文将介绍Pirani真空计的工作原理、测量范围以及应用领域。
Pirani真空计的工作原理基于热导率的变化。
它由一个细丝电阻和一个热电偶组成。
当细丝电阻通电时,电流通过细丝产生热量,使细丝温度升高。
同时,热电偶测量细丝的温度变化。
在真空环境中,气体分子的热导率较低,细丝的温度升高速度较快。
而在高真空环境中,气体分子的热导率较高,细丝的温度升高速度较慢。
通过测量细丝的温度变化,可以推算出真空度的大小。
Pirani真空计的测量范围通常在10^-3至10^3帕之间。
在这个范围内,Pirani真空计具有较高的精度和灵敏度。
对于低真空度的测量,Pirani真空计可以提供较为准确的结果。
而对于高真空度的测量,Pirani真空计的灵敏度较低,需要结合其他类型的真空计进行测量。
Pirani真空计在科研实验室中有着广泛的应用。
在材料科学研究中,Pirani真空计可以用于监测材料的真空热处理过程,确保材料在适当的真空环境中进行处理。
在物理实验中,Pirani真空计可以用于测量真空室的真空度,保证实验的准确性和可靠性。
此外,Pirani真空计还可以用于半导体制造、光学薄膜沉积、真空冷冻干燥等工业生产过程中的真空度监测。
在航天航空领域,Pirani真空计也扮演着重要的角色。
在航天器的真空测试中,Pirani真空计可以用于测量航天器的真空环境,确保航天器在太空中的正常运行。
此外,Pirani真空计还可以用于航空发动机的真空测试,确保发动机在高空环境中的正常工作。
总之,Pirani真空计是一种常用的真空度测量仪器,具有高精度、稳定性和可靠性。
它的测量范围通常在10^-3至10^3帕之间,适用于科研实验室、工业生产以及航天航空等领域。
通过Pirani真空计的使用,我们可以准确地监测和控制真空环境,确保实验和生产的顺利进行。
真空技术 真空计 皮拉尼真空计的规范、校准和测量不确定度-最新国标
真空技术真空计皮拉尼真空计的规范、校准和测量不确定度1 范围本文件给出了皮拉尼真空计的参数,描述了其校准步骤,规定了使用这些真空计时要考虑的测量不确定度。
本文件适用于工作压力范围为 0.01 Pa ~150 kPa 的皮拉尼真空计。
当对皮拉尼真空计进行校准并将其用作参考标准时,本文件是对GB/T 34873 和 ISO 27893的补充。
另外,本文件描述了皮拉尼真空计响应时间和迟滞的表征方法。
2 规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。
其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 34873-2017 真空计与标准真空计直接比较校准(ISO 3567:2011,IDT)ISO 27893 真空计与标准真空计直接比较校准结果的不确定度评定(Vacuum technology —Vacuum gauges —Evaluation of the uncertainties of results of calibrations by direct comparison with a reference gauge)注:G B/T 34876-2017 真空计与标准真空计直接比较校准结果的不确定度评定(ISO 27893:2011,IDT)ISO/IEC 17025 检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求(General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories)注:G B/T 27025-2019 检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求(ISO/IEC 17025:2017,IDT)3 术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
部组件定义3.1.1热传导真空计 thermal conductivity gauge通过测量保持不同温度的两个固定元件表面间的热量传递来确定压力的一种真空计。
皮拉尼真空计工作原理
皮拉尼真空计工作原理
皮拉尼真空计是发现真空的简易仪器,具有测量范围宽,结构简单,重量轻,可靠性高,成本低等优点,广泛应用于国内外空调、制冷行业等。
它的原理如下:
皮拉尼真空计由一个真空断头(多为U型乙烯塑料管)、一个活塞(以金属或塑料制成)构成,两端固定在底座上。
活塞底部安装有一个游标,当真空度变化时,活塞的运动会引起游标的上下移动,使得游标根据真空度的变化而变化。
皮拉尼真空计工作原理:光滑的U型管中安装有一个称重元件,当真空度改变时,称重元件会受空气内压力的影响而产生变形,从而改变重心位置,使得游标发生位移,仪器上会出现一个分,提供旋转刻度盘,指针会随着真空度的变化而指向相应的分,从而测出真空度大小。
皮拉尼真空计的测量范围宽,通常为空气中的几个百万分之一的气压,最高可达10-3动物斯,可根据实际需要而进行调整。
皮拉尼真空计具有结构简单,重量轻,可靠性高,成本低,维护保养方便等优点,是在大多数真空技术下优先考虑的测量,然而,皮拉尼真空计的测量精度稍低于其他仪器,但不会影响实际的测量结果。
皮拉尼真空计 对数
皮拉尼真空计对数皮拉尼真空计是一种常见的计量设备,用于测量低压或高真空下的气体压力。
它的设计简单,操作方便,广泛应用于科研实验室、工业生产和医疗设备中。
本文将从原理、使用方法和注意事项等方面介绍皮拉尼真空计的相关内容,以帮助读者更好地了解和使用这一仪器。
皮拉尼真空计依靠一种称为皮拉尼效应的物理原理来测量气体压力。
简单来说,当气体进入真空计的量度芯片时,气体分子会与芯片碰撞,产生微小的应力。
这些应力会导致芯片产生微小的形状变化,称为硅薄膜的弯曲。
通过测量硅薄膜的弯曲程度,我们可以确定气体的压力大小。
使用皮拉尼真空计需要注意以下几点。
首先,确保真空计的接口和管道清洁,避免灰尘或油脂污染影响测量结果。
其次,要保持测量环境的稳定,避免温度和压力的突变。
在测量过程中,注意不要超出真空计的量程范围,否则可能导致损坏或不准确的测量结果。
另外,及时更换和校准好真空计的感应器,以确保测量的准确性和可靠性。
在实际应用中,皮拉尼真空计可以测量从常压到高真空范围内的气体压力。
例如,在科研实验室中,研究人员可以使用皮拉尼真空计来监测实验室的真空度,确保实验环境的纯净和稳定。
在工业生产中,皮拉尼真空计可以用于监测和控制生产过程中的气体压力,如化学反应的真空度控制、金属制品的烘干过程等。
在医疗设备中,皮拉尼真空计可用于监测呼吸机、血液透析机等设备中的负压和正压情况,一旦超出安全范围,及时发出警报保证患者安全。
总之,皮拉尼真空计作为一种常用的测量设备,在各个领域都有重要的应用价值。
正确使用和维护皮拉尼真空计,能有效保证实验结果的准确性和安全性。
读者在使用皮拉尼真空计时,应了解其原理和操作方法,并注意事项,以得到可靠和准确的测量结果。
真空计
皮拉尼真空计皮拉尼真空计是全压真空计,利用了气体热传导性与压力有关的原理,通过测量保持在不同温度的两固定元件表面间热能的传递来测量压力的一种真空计。
皮拉尼复合真空计BPG400/ BPG402-S产品描述HPG400高压强热电离皮拉尼真空计INFICON皮拉尼复合真空计产品型号:BPG400/ BPG402-SINFICON生产的Bayard-Alpert皮拉尼复合真空计, BPG402-S,两种真空计集成在一个小型的单元内,测量范围从5x10-10 毫巴至大气压(3.8x10-10乇至大气压). 复合的技术降低了安装,设置和集成的复杂性.在一个小特点:极宽的测量范围从5x10-10毫巴至大气压(3.8x10-10乇至大气压)极好的重复性,过程压强范围10-8… 10-2毫巴均为5%皮拉尼连锁保护灯丝,防止过早烧毁双敷涂钇的氧化铱长寿命灯丝可选图形显示和现场总线接口自动高真空皮拉尼调整,减少操作人员的干预容易更换具有在机校准的传感元件,保证高度重复性应用:半导体工艺和输送室中的压强测量工业镀膜一般真空测量和控制,从低至超高真空范围INFICON B-A皮拉尼电容薄膜真空计产品型号:BCG450INFICON公司生产的BCG450型B-A皮拉尼电容薄膜真空计将三种不同的规管综合在一个小型经济的规管中,测量过程压强和基本压强从5×10-10至1500毫巴(3.75×10-10至1125乇)。
BCG450用于取代三种传感器(热离子,对流增强型皮拉尼和真空开关),从而节省成本和宝贵的空间。
特点:BCG450节省成本和设备空间,降低真空测量的安装与设置的复杂性10乇以上的与气体类型无关的压强测量,对许多混合气体提供更可靠的自锁控制皮拉尼联锁保护热灯丝,防止过早烧毁自动的高真空和大气压皮拉尼调整,无需操作人员干预相对于大气压的差压测量避免了与大气压变化有关的不稳定性传感元件容易更换,带机载校准数据保证数据的再现性备有可选的图形显示器和现场总线接口典型应用半导体工业,传送和自锁室的压强测量工业镀膜在低至超高真空范围中系统的一般真空测量和控制订购资料产品图片。
皮拉尼真空计量程
皮拉尼真空计量程皮拉尼真空计量程,是指皮拉尼管在不同真空度下的测量范围。
皮拉尼管是一种常用的真空度测量仪器,可以通过气压的变化来确定所处的真空度,广泛应用于各种真空系统中。
皮拉尼真空计量程的选择是根据所需测量的真空度范围来决定的。
不同的皮拉尼管具有不同的计量程,通常分为标准计量程和扩展计量程两类。
标准计量程一般为1000帕至10-3帕,扩展计量程可以达到更低的真空度,一般为1帕至10-6帕。
在选择皮拉尼真空计量程时,需要综合考虑以下几个因素。
首先是被测系统的真空度范围,要确保所选计量程能够覆盖实际需求的真空度范围。
其次是测量的精度要求,不同计量程的皮拉尼管具有不同的精度,较高的精度通常需要使用较小计量程的皮拉尼管。
另外,还需要考虑所测气体的种类和压强,不同气体的测量范围和精度也可能有所差别。
为了确保测量结果的准确性和可靠性,使用皮拉尼真空计量程的过程中,还需要注意一些操作细节。
首先是在进行测量之前,需要对皮拉尼管进行校准,确保其准确度和稳定性。
其次是要保证测量环境的干净和稳定,避免外界因素对测量结果的干扰。
此外,还需要掌握正确的使用方法,例如正确连接气路、调节波特率等。
在使用过程中,还需注意对皮拉尼管的保养和维护,及时清洁和更换损坏的零部件,以确保其正常运行和延长使用寿命。
综上所述,皮拉尼真空计量程在真空系统中起到了至关重要的作用。
通过选择适当的计量程,根据实际需求进行测量,我们可以准确地了解系统的真空度,为科学研究和工程应用提供有力的支持。
同时,在使用过程中要注意操作细节,保证测量结果的可靠性和准确性。
通过合理的选择和正确的使用,皮拉尼真空计量程必将为我们带来更多的科学发现和工程创新。
皮拉尼真空计校准方法
皮拉尼真空计校准方法皮拉尼真空计是一种常用的气体压力测量仪器,广泛应用于科研实验室、工业生产以及空间探测等领域。
为了确保皮拉尼真空计的测量准确性,需要进行定期的校准。
本文将介绍一种常用的皮拉尼真空计校准方法。
为了准确校准皮拉尼真空计,我们需要准备一套标准压力源。
标准压力源可以是一个已知准确压力值的气缸,也可以是一个已经校准过的压力传感器。
选择合适的标准压力源对于校准结果的准确性非常重要。
接下来,我们需要将标准压力源与皮拉尼真空计连接起来。
可以使用适当的连接器或者软管将两者连接在一起。
确保连接紧密,防止气体泄漏。
在开始校准之前,需要确保皮拉尼真空计处于正常工作状态。
可以通过查看仪器的显示屏或者指示灯来确认仪器的工作状态。
如果有异常情况,需要先修理或更换仪器。
接下来,我们可以开始校准过程。
首先,打开标准压力源并调整其输出压力至一个已知的准确值。
等待一段时间,使得压力稳定。
然后,记录下标准压力源的输出压力值。
可以使用一个记录仪器或者简单的笔记本来记录压力值。
确保记录的数据准确无误。
接下来,将皮拉尼真空计连接到标准压力源上,并打开真空计的电源。
等待一段时间,使得仪器的读数稳定下来。
然后,记录下皮拉尼真空计的读数。
与记录标准压力源输出压力值时一样,确保记录的数据准确无误。
接下来,比较标准压力源的输出压力值和皮拉尼真空计的读数。
如果两者之间存在较大的偏差,说明皮拉尼真空计需要进行校准。
可以使用校准软件或调节仪器上的校准钮来进行校准。
校准过程中,需要根据皮拉尼真空计的型号和使用说明书来进行相应的操作。
校准过程可能包括调整仪器的零点、灵敏度和线性度等参数。
校准完成后,可以再次进行比较测试,以确认校准结果的准确性。
如果两者之间的偏差在可以接受的范围内,说明校准成功。
需要将校准结果记录下来,并在仪器上做相应的标记。
记录校准日期、校准人员以及校准结果等信息,以备将来参考。
总结起来,皮拉尼真空计的校准方法包括准备标准压力源、连接标准压力源和真空计、记录标准压力源输出压力值和真空计读数、比较并调节仪器、确认校准结果、记录校准信息等步骤。
APG100 Active Pirani Gauge
CHINAKOREAEDWARDS TRADING HEADQUARTERS(SHANGHAI) CO. LTD.SONGWON EDWARDS LTD.23 Fu Te Road (N)5th FL. Daewoo Engineering Bldg.Wai Gao Qiao Free Trade Zone 9-3 Sunae-dongPudongBundang-gu, Sungnam City Shanghai, 200131Kyungki-do PRC ChinaKoreaTel +86 21 5866 9618Tel +82 31 716 7070Fax +86 21 5866 9993Fax + 82 31 738 1001TAIWAN, R.O.C.SINGAPORE EDWARDS TAIWAN LIMITED EDWARDS (ASIA)No. 434 Chung hua Road 42 Loyang DriveToufen Town, Miaoli County Loyang Industrial Estate 351 TaiwanSingapore 508962Tel +886 37 611422Tel +65 6546 8408Fax +886 37 611401Fax +65 6546 8407APG100 Active Pirani GaugeDescriptionItem Number APG100 - XM NW16D026-01-000APG100 - XM NW25D026-02-000APG100 - XLC NW16D026-03-000APG100 - XLC NW25D026-04-000Instruction ManualD026-01-880 Iss BJan 09GraphicIntroductionScope and definitionsThis manual provides installation, operation and maintenance instructions for the Edwards APG100 Active Pirani Gauge. You must use the APG100 as specified in this manual.Read this manual before you install and operate the APG100.Important safety information is highlighted as WARNING and CAUTION instructions; you must obey these instructions. The use of WARNINGS and CAUTIONS is defined below.The following symbols appear on the APG100:Edwards offer European customers a recycling service.CAUTIONCautions are given where failure to observe the instruction could result in damage to the equipment, associated equipment andprocess.DescriptionThe APG100 is a Pirani gauge which measures vacuum pressures in the range 10-4mbar to 1000 mbar. It operates using the principle of thermal conductivity in which the rate of heat loss from a heated filament is dependent on the pressure of gas surrounding the filament.The APG100 is available in two versions: the 'M' version can measure pressure down to 10-3 mbar and is suitable for general applications;the 'LC' version can measure pressure down to 10-4 mbar and is also suitable for use in corrosive applications.A general view of the gauge is shown in Figure 1. The gauge features a detachable tube which allows a replacement to be fitted in the event of contamination or failure of the filament. There are two push-button switches on the top of the gauge. The switch labelled "CAL" is used for atmosphere and vacuum calibration and the switch labelled "S/P" is used to adjust the set-point threshold.1.Electrical connector2.Set-point button3.Cal button4.Status LED5.Electronics housing6.Vacuum flangeFigure 1 - General view of the APG100T echnical DataMechanical dataDimensions Refer to Figure 2Mass:NW16 versions 85 g NW25 versions 100 g Internal volume of tube 5 cm 3Enclosure ratingIP40Performance, operating and storage conditionsMeasurement rangeAPG100-XM 10-3 to 1000 mbar APG100-XLC 10-4 to 1000 mbarAccuracyAPG100-XM typically ± 15 % at < 100 mbar APG100-XLC typically ± 15 % at < 10 mbar Ambient temperatureOperating 5 to 60 °C Storage-30 to +70 °CBakeout temperature 150 °C (with electronics housing removed)Humidity80 % RH up to 31 °C decreasing linearly to 50 % RH at 40 °C and aboveMaximum altitude3000 m (indoor use only)Maximum internal pressure 10 bar absolute (9 bar gauge)Filament temperature100 °C above ambientElectrical dataElectrical supply voltage15 to 30 V d.c. nominal 13.5 V minimum 32 V maximum Maximum power consumption1 W Max inrush current 150 mAElectrical connector FCC68 / RJ45 8-wayPressure output signalRange1.9 to 9.1 VError rangeoutput < 1.8 V or output > 9.2 V Min load impedance 10 k ΩMax output current 1 mASet-pointAdjustment range 1.8 to 9.2 V Hysteresis500 mVMax external load rating 30 V d.c., 100 mA Gauge identification resistanceAPG100-XM 36 k ΩAPG100-XLC43 k ΩMaterials exposed to vacuumFilamentAPG100-XM Tungsten / Rhenium APG100-XLC Platinum / IridiumTube Stainless Steel 316L & 304L Filter Stainless Steel 316LOtherGlass, Ni, NiFe, PTFE (APG100-XLC only)Figure 2 - Dimensions (mm)InstallationUnpack and inspectRemove all packing materials and protective covers. Check the APG100.If the APG100 is damaged, notify your supplier and carrier in writing within three days: state the Item Number of the gauge together with your order number and your suppliers invoice number. Retain all packing materials for inspection. Do not use the APG100 if it is damaged.If the APG100 is not to be used immediately, replace the protective covers. Store the APG100 in suitable conditions as described in Technical Data section.Fit the APG100 to a vacuum systemThe APG100 can be mounted in any orientation however the gauge tubes are individually factory calibrated in nitrogen whilst vertical. For correct pressure indication in your chosen gauge orientation, the gauge should be recalibrated at atmospheric pressure. Edwards recommends mounting the gauge tube vertical in order to minimise the build up of process particulates and condensable vapours within the gauge.For optimum accuracy it is recommended that both the atmosphere and vacuum adjustment is carried out before use. Refer to the Maintenance section.To connect the APG100 to your vacuum system:•Use an 'O' ring / centring-ring or Co-Seal to connect an APG100 with an NW16 or NW25 flange to a similar flange on the vacuum system.•Use a stepped 'O' ring carrier or Co-Seal to connect an APG100 with an NW16 flange to an NW10 flange.In accordance with good practice, we recommend that your vacuum system has a secure Earth (ground) connection, and that the tube of the APG100 is electrically connected to the vacuum system.Connect to an Edwards ControllerThe APG100 is compatible with the TIC and ADC digital controllers and the AGD analogue display from Edwards. The controllers will automatically recognise the gauge and display the measured pressure.To connect to a Edwards controller use a cable which is terminated in suitable connectors. These cables are available from Edwards.Connect to your own electrical equipmentA schematic diagram of the recommended electrical connections to the APG100 is shown in Figure 4. The pins on the electrical connector are used as shown in Table 1. Refer to the Technical Data section for more detailed specifications.Figure 3 - RJ45 8-way connectorTable 1 - Pins on the APG100 electrical connectorCAUTIONDo not make any connection to the gauge identification pin (pin 4) asthis may cause the gauge to malfunction.Pin numberUse12345678Electrical supply positiveElectrical supply ground (0 V)Pressure measurement output signal Gauge identification Signal groundSet-point output signal Remote calibration input Not connected1. APG100 electrical connector socket2. Cable electrical connector plug3. Electrical supply4. Voltmeter5. d.c. relay (optional)6. Back EMF suppression diode (optional)7. Remote calibration switch (optional)Figure 4 - Recommended electrical connectionsDo not connect the electrical supply ground (pin 2) to the signal ground (pin 5). If you do, the APG100 output signal will be inaccurate.When using the APG100 in an electrically noisy environment you should ensure that your measuring equipment is adequately immune to interference. All Edwards controllers have adequate immunity.The set-point output on pin 6 is an active low open-collector transistor suitable for driving a d.c. relay or control logic. If you connect a relay you must use a suppression diode, to protect the gauge from transient voltages generated when the relay is switched off, as shown in Figure 4.Make a connection to pin 7 if you require remote calibration. Momentarily (>50ms) connect pin 7 to pin 2 (ground) to automatically adjust the atmosphere or vacuum reading. Refer to the Maintenance section for the correct procedure.OperationPressure measurementWhen the APG100 is connected to a power supply the status LED will turn amber for approximately 2 seconds. The status LED will then turn green if the gauge is operating correctly or red if an error is detected.Refer to the fault finding guide.If the gauge is connected to a Edwards controller the display will indicate the measured pressure.If the gauge is connected to a voltmeter convert the voltage (V) to pressure (P) using the following equations:P = 10(V - 6)P in mbar P = 10(V - 6.125)P in Torr P = 10(V-4)P in PaFor example if the measured voltage V = 4 V , then the measured pressure P = 1 x 10-2 mbar. Refer to Figures 5 and 6.Figure 5 - Voltage to pressure conversion for APG100-XMFigure 6 - Voltage to pressure conversion for APG100-XLCGas dependencyThe APG100 is calibrated for use in nitrogen, and will read correctly with dry air, oxygen and carbon monoxide. For any other gas type a conversion is required in order to obtain the correct pressure reading. Figures 7 and 8 show the conversion for 6 common gases: nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, krypton and neon.If you are using a Edwards TIC controller, the gas calibration data is built into the controller.Figure 7 - Gas dependency of APG100-XMFigure 8 - Gas dependency of APG100-XLCPLEASE CONTACT ANY OF THESE COMPANIES FOR DETAILS OF OTHER SALES AND SERVICE CENTRES IN YOUR AREA.EUROPE/AMERICASUNITED KINGDOM USA HEADQUARTERS EDWARDS EDWARDSManor Royal One Edwards Park Crawley 301 Ballardvale Street West Sussex Wilmington, MA 01887RH10 9LWTel +1 978 658 5410Tel +44 (0)1293 528844Fax +1 978 658 7969Fax +44 (0)1293 533453Toll free (USA only)1 800 848 9800CANADA GERMANY EDWARDSEDWARDS5975 Falbourne StreetAmmerthalstraße 36Mississauga, Ontario L5R3W685551 Kirchheim CanadaMunichTel +1 800 387 4076Tel +49 89 991 9180Fax +1 905 501 1225Fax +49 89 991 91899ITALY EDWARDSEDWARDSWilhelm Klein GmbH Via Carpaccio 35Eckenerstrasse 120090 Trezzano sul Naviglio D-73730 Esslingen MilanPostfach 10 03 28Tel +39 02 48 4471Tel +49 (0)711/93 18 30-0Fax +39 02 48 401638Fax +49 (0)711/93 18 30-3FRANCE BELGIUM EDWARDSEDWARDS125 Avenue Louis Roche Bergensesteenweg 70992238 Gennevilliers, Cedex B1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw ParisBrusselsTel +33 1 47 98 24 01Tel +32 2 363 0030Fax +33 1 47 98 44 54Fax +32 2 363 00640INDIA ISRAELEDWARDSEDWARDS ISRAEL VACUUM LTD INDIA HEADQUARTERS 5 Habarzel Boulevard 203 Surya Kiran Building Gat 2000 Industrial Zone 19 Kasturba Gandhi Marg Qiryat Gat 82000New Delhi - 110 001IsraelIndiaTel +972 8 681 0633Tel +91 11 5151 0065Fax +972 8 681 0640Fax +91 11 5151 0245BRAZILJAPANDO BRASIL LTDAHEADQUARTERS Rua Bernado Wrona 222EDWARDS02710 São Paulo-SP 5F Sanshikaikan BuildingBrazil1-9-4 Yurakucho Chiyoda-Ku Tel +55 11 3952 5000Tokyo, 100-0006Fax +55 11 3965 2766Tel +81 (0)3 6212 6771Fax +81 (0)3 6212 67801245378610119131412Fault finding guideTable 4 - Fault finding informationSymptom Possible causeRemedyLED not litIncorrect electrical supply voltage. Supply polarity reversed.Check electrical supply and connections Pressure reading incorrectVacuum leak Leak check vacuum system T ube has drifted and requires adjustmentPerform the atmosphere and vacuum adjustments T ube contaminatedReplace the tubeGauge indicates calibration error Adjustment has been attempted at aninappropriate pressureRepeat the adjustment but make sure that thepressure is at atmosphere or good vacuumWrong type of tube is fittedCheck that correct type of tube is fitted (M or LC)New tube has been fittedPerform ‘Adjustment for new tube’T ube has drifted outside permissible limits and can no longer be adjustedReplace the tube Gauge indicates broken filamentT ube is missing Fit the tube and remove then re-insert the electrical connector Wrong type of tube is fittedCheck that correct type of tube is fitted (M or LC)Filament is brokenReplace the tubeFor pressures below 1mbar a simple calibration factor can be used to correct for different gas types. Gas Calibration Factors (GCFs) for common gases are shown in Table 2.True pressure = GCF x indicated pressureTable 2 - Gas calibration factors below 1 mbarSet-point adjustmentNote:If you use a Edwards Controller the APG100 set-point is not used.To read the pressure at which the set-point output turns on, push the "S/P" button with an appropriate tool (see Figure 9). The signal output of the gauge will change to indicate the set-point threshold for three seconds after which the output will return to normal.Gas GCF He Ne N 2Ar CO 2Kr1.11.51.01.71.02.6CAUTIONWhen the ‘S/P’ button is pushed the gauge output will change. Do not push the ‘S/P’ button to adjust the set-point if the change inoutput could cause a malfunction of your system.The set-point has a fixed hysteresis of 500mV. When the measured pressure falls below the set-point pressure the transistor output changes to ON (closed). The transistor output will turn OFF when the measured pressure rises to 500mV above the set-point pressure.An external relay connected as shown in Figure 4 will turn on when the pressure falls below the set-point and turn of when the pressure rises to 500 mV above the set-point.To adjust the set-point threshold push the "S/P" button and hold it down for more than three seconds. The threshold value will increase steadily. Release the button when you reach the required value. To make finer adjustment release the button just before the required value is reached and immediately push the button as many times as required. Each time you push the button the threshold value will increase by 10mV. If during adjustment the threshold reaches the maximum value (9.2V) it will jump to the minimum (1.8V) and increase again.If you do not need to use the set-point or if you require the set-point to be permanently off, you can adjust the threshold to 1.8V. This will ensure that the set-point does not operate. The APG100 is shippedfrom the factory with the threshold set to 1.8V.The set-point can also be used to indicate that the gauge is operating correctly. If you adjust the threshold to 9.2V then the set-point output will be ON as long as the gauge is operating correctly and will turn OFF if an error is detected.Figure 9 - Adjusting set-pointError monitoringIf an error occurs during operation of the APG100 then the status LED will turn red to indicate an error and the output voltage will change to indicate the error condition. Error voltages are shown in Table 3 below.The set-point will be disabled as soon as an error is detected. Refer to the fault finding guide.If you use a Edwards Controller then an error message will be shown on the display.Table 3 - Error indicationBakeoutIn some UHV applications it is desirable to bake the vacuum system components in order to achieve a lower base pressure. The tube of the APG100 can be baked to 150°C, but the electronics housing must be removed.•Referring to Figure 12, remove the electronics housing.•Bake the tube on your vacuum system. Do not exceed 150°C.•Allow the tube to cool before refitting the electronics housing.Error condition Output (V)TIC Display ADC Display AGC Display Broken filament or tube removed 9.5Filament FailErr 25Err ECalibration error9.6Cal Error Err 26Err FMaintenanceAtmosphere and vacuum adjustmentEvery APG100 is individually adjusted before shipment, however thermal conductivity gauges can drift with time or as contamination builds up on the filament. Use the procedures outlined below to adjust the atmosphere and vacuum settings of the gauge. The frequency with which they should be repeated will vary depending on the level and nature of the contamination associated with the process.Figure 10 - Adjustment of APG100Atmosphere adjustment1.Switch on the power supply to the APG100 and allow it to operate at atmospheric pressure for at least 10 minutes. Ensure that the green status LED is lit.2.Press the 'CAL' button. The status LED will flash and the gauge will automatically adjust to read atmospheric pressure. Do not hold the ‘CAL’ button down for longer than 5 seconds (see ‘Adjustment for new tube’ below).Vacuum adjustment1.Reduce the system pressure to 1 x 10-4 mbar (or below) for the APG100-XM, or to 1x10-5 mbar (or below) for the APG100-XLC.2.Allow the gauge to operate for at least 10 minutes.3.Press the 'CAL' button. The status LED will flash and the gauge will automatically adjust to read vacuum.Remote adjustmentThe atmosphere and vacuum adjustments can be performed remotely using a switch connected as shown in Figure 4. Follow the procedure described above, but momentarily close the remote switch instead of using the ‘CAL’ button on the gauge. Edwards controllers use this feature so that the atmosphere and vacuum readings can be automatically adjusted from the front panel of the controller.Adjustment for new tubeIf a replacement tube is fitted to the gauge it will be necessary to adjust the gauge to match the new tube. Note that this is not required unless a newtube is fitted, and it is always necessary to perform a vacuum adjustment afterwards.1.Switch on the power supply to the APG100.2.With the gauge at atmospheric pressure, press the 'CAL' button and hold it down for longer than 5seconds. The status LED will begin to flash red / green alternately and the gauge will automatically adjust to match the new tube. This may take several seconds.3.Allow the gauge to operate at atmospheric pressure for at least 10minutes and then repeat step 2.4.It is now necessary to perform the vacuum adjustment as described above.Replace the filterThe filter that is fitted inside the vacuum flange of the gauge provides protection from process contamination. With use the filter can become dirty or blocked, and it will be necessary to replace the filter.Refer to Figure 11 and follow this procedure to replace the filter.1.Unplug the electrical cable, vent the vacuum system to atmospheric pressure and remove the gauge from the vacuum e circlip pliers to remove the retaining circlip. T ake care not to damage the sealing surface of the vacuum flange or the inside of the gauge tube.3.Remove and discard the old filter.4.Refit the filter into the gauge tube and refit the circlip.CAUTIONDo not clean the interior of the gauge tube as you can damage thefilament.1. Gauge tube 2. Filter 3. CirclipFigure 11 - Replacement of filterReplace the gauge tubeIf the gauge tube has become severely contaminated so that atmosphere or vacuum adjustment cannot be achieved, or if the filament is broken,then you can fit a replacement tube to the gauge.Refer to Figure 12 and follow this procedure to replace the gauge tube.1.Unplug the electrical cable, vent the vacuum system to atmospheric pressure and remove the gauge from the vacuum system.2.Pull the retaining clip from side of gauge.3.Pull the tube from the electronics housing.4.Fit the replacement tube into electronics housing, noting the correct alignment.5.Refit the retaining clip.Whenever a new tube is fitted it is necessary to adjust the gauge to match the new tube. Refer to ‘Adjustment for new tube’ above.1.Electronic housing2.Retaining clip3.Gauge tubeFigure 12 - Replacement of gauge tubeFor printable copies of the HS2 form below please contact your supplier or Edwards.Return of Edwards Equipment - ProcedureINTRODUCTIONBefore returning your equipment, you must warn Edwards if substances you used (and produced) in the equipment can be hazardous. This information is fundamental to the safety of our Service Centre employees and will determine the procedures employed to service your plete the Declaration (HS2) and send it to Edwards before you dispatch the equipment. It is important to note that this declaration is for Edwards internal use only, and has no relationship to local, national or international transportation safety or environmental requirements. As the person offering the equipment for shipment, it is your responsibility to ensure compliance with applicable laws. GUIDELINES•Equipment is 'uncontaminated ' if it has not been used, or if it has only been used with substances that are not hazardous. Y our equipment is 'contaminated ' if it has been used with any substances classified as hazardous under EU Directive 67/548/EEC (as amended)or OSHA Occupational Safety (29 CFR 1910).•If your equipment has been used with radioactive substances,biological or infectious agents, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s), dioxins or sodium azide, you must decontaminate it before you return it to Edwards. Y ou must send independent proof of decontamination (for example a certificate of analysis) to Edwards with the Declaration (HS2). Phone Edwards for advice.•If your equipment is contaminated, you must either:•Remove all traces of contamination (to the satisfaction of laws governing the transportation of dangerous/hazardous substances).•Or, properly classify the hazard, mark, manifest and ship the equipment in accordance with applicable laws governing the shipment of hazardous materials.Note: Some contaminated equipment may not be suitable for airfreight.PROCEDURE1.Contact Edwards and obtain a Return Authorisation Number for your equipment.plete the Return of Edwards Equipment Declaration (HS2).3.If the equipment is contaminated, you must contact your transporter to ensure that you properly classify the hazard, mark,manifest and ship the equipment, in accordance with applicable laws governing the shipment of contaminated/hazardous materials.As the person offering the equipment for shipment, it is your responsibility to ensure compliance with applicable law.Note: Equipment contaminated with some hazardous materials, such as semiconductor by-products, may not be suitable for airfreight - contact your transporter for advice.4.Remove all traces of hazardous gases: pass an inert gas through the equipment and any accessories that will be returned to Edwards. Where possible, drain all fluids and lubricants from the equipment and its accessories.5.Seal up all of the equipment's inlets and outlets (including those where accessories were attached) with blanking flanges or, for uncontaminated product, with heavy gauge tape.6.Seal equipment in a thick polythene/polyethylene bag or sheet.7.If the equipment is large, strap the equipment and its accessories to a wooden pallet. If the equipment is too small to be strapped to a pallet, pack it in a suitable strong box.8.Fax or post a copy of the D eclaration (HS2) to Edwards. The Declaration must arrive before the equipment.9.Give a copy of the D eclaration (HS2) to the transporter. Y ou must tell your transporter if the equipment is contaminated.10.Seal the original D eclaration in a suitable envelope: attach the envelope securely to the outside of the equipment package, in a clear weatherproof bag.WRITE YOU R RETU RN AU THORISATION NU MBER CLEARLY ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE ENVELOPE OR ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE EQUIPMENT PACKAGE.Order spare parts and accessories from your nearest Edwards company or distributor. When you order, please state for each part required:•Model and Item Number of your equipment •Serial number (if any)•Item Number and description of partSparesSpareItem Number Replacement electronics housingAPG100-XM D026-01-800APG100-XLC D026-03-800Replacement tubeAPG100-XM NW16D026-01-801APG100-XM NW25D026-02-801APG100-XLC NW16D026-03-801APG100-XLC NW25D026-04-801Replacement Filter KitD026-01-805AccessoriesThe cables for use with the APG100 are as follows. These cables are supplied with 8-way male electrical connectors on both ends.Cable length Item Number 0.5 m 18 inches D400-01-0051 m 3 feet D400-01-0103 m 10 feet D400-01-0305 m 15 feet D400-01-05010 m 30 feet D400-01-10015 m 50 feet D400-01-15025 m 80 feet D400-01-25050 m 150 feet D400-01-500100 m325 feetD400-01-999Calibration serviceA calibration service is available for all Edwards gauges. Calibration is by comparison with reference gauges, traceable to National Standards.Contact Edwards for details.Storage and DisposalDispose of the APG100 and any components safely in accordance with all local and national safety and environmental requirements.Alternatively, you may be able to recycle the APG100 and cables: contact Edwards or your supplier for advice (also see below).The APG100 and associated cables are within the scope of the European D irective on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, 2002/96/EC.Edwards offers European customers a recycling service for the APG100and cables at the end of the product’s life. Contact Edwards for advice on how to return the APG100 and cables for recycling.Particular care must be taken if the APG100 has been contaminated with dangerous process substances.Spares and AccessoriesIntroductionEdwards products, spares and accessories are available from Edwards companies in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy,Japan, Korea, Switzerland, United Kingdom, U.S.A. and a world wide network of distributors. The majority of these centres employ Service Engineers who have undergone comprehensive Edwards training courses.Form HS1Return of Edwards Equipment - Declaration You must:•Know about all of the substances which have been used and produced in the equipment before you complete this Declaration•Read the Return of Edwards Equipment - Procedure (HS1) before you complete this Declaration•Contact Edwards to obtain a Return Authorisation Number and to obtain advice if you have any questions•Send this form to Edwards before you return your equipmentSECTION 1: EQUIPMENTEquipment/System Name Part Number Serial NumberHas the equipment been used, tested or operated? YES Go to Section 2NO Go to Section 4IF APPLICABLE:Tool Reference No.Process Failure DateSerial No. of Replacement EquipmentSECTION 2: SUBSTANCES IN CONTACT WITH EQUIPMENT Are any substances used or produced in the equipment:•Radioactive, biological or infectious agents, mercury, poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins or sodium azide? (if YES, see Note 1)YES NO•Hazardous to human health and safety? YES NONote 1: Edwards will not accept delivery of any equipment that is contaminated with radioactive substances, biological/infectious agents,mercury, PCB’s, dioxins or sodium azide, unless you:•Decontaminate the equipment •Provide proof of decontaminationYOU MU ST CONTACT EDWARDS FOR ADVICE BEFORE YOU RETURN SUCH EQUIPMENTForm HS2Return Authorisation No;:SECTION 3: LIST OF SUBSTANCES IN CONTACT WITH EQUIPMENT Substance name Chemical SymbolPrecautions required Actions required after a spill, (e.g. use protective gloves, etc.) leak or exposureSECTION 4: RETURN INFORMATIONReason for return and symptoms of malfunction If you have a warranty claim:•who did you buy the equipment from?•give the supplier’s invoice numberSECTION 5: DECLARATIONPrint your name:Print your job title:Print your organisation:Print your address:Telephone number:Date of equipment delivery:I have made reasonable enquiry and I have supplied accurate information in this D eclaration. I have not withheld any information, and I have followed the Return of Edwards Equipment - Procedure (HS1).Signed: Date:Note: Please print out this form, sign it and return the signed form as hard copy.151617181920212223242526。
增强皮拉尼真空计安全操作及保养规程
增强皮拉尼真空计安全操作及保养规程1. 前言皮拉尼真空计常用于科研实验、工业制造等领域中,它是一种测量低压区间的装置。
作为实验室常用设备,保障其操作时的安全非常重要。
本文主要介绍增强皮拉尼真空计的安全操作及保养规程。
2. 安全操作规程2.1. 仪器安装在仪器使用前,需先安装并校正。
在安装时,需遵守以下几点安全规范:1.仪器应安装在干燥、通风、无震动和无磁场干扰的地方。
2.仪器的密封和接口部分应无损坏。
3.仪器安装位置应远离电源线和电磁设备。
4.仪器应使用与其参数匹配的真空泵。
5.仪器操作时遵守其使用说明书的规定。
2.2. 仪器启动在启动仪器前,需做好以下几点准备工作:1.校准仪器并确定读数是否正常。
2.长时间未使用的仪器应先进行空运转,清洁工作。
3.确保仪器无看不到的漏气现象。
4.连接电源和真空管路,并检查接口是否安装正确。
2.3. 实验操作在进行实验操作时,需遵循以下操作规范:1.操作人员应经过相关培训,并由经过实验技术鉴定的人员跟踪指导;未经指导人员不得擅自操作。
2.操作人员尽量避免操作时长时间暴露在真空环境中。
3.禁止在仪器上进行损坏性较强的实验,如加热、打火、爆炸等操作。
4.操作人员需佩戴相关防护设备,如防护手套、防护眼镜等。
2.4. 关闭仪器当实验操作完成后,需要及时关闭仪器,在关机时需注意以下事项:1.关闭真空泵及所有连接仪器的管路。
2.依次关闭仪器采集电源,仪器电源。
3. 保养规程仪器的保养对保障实验的稳定进行至关重要。
在使用仪器时,应遵循以下保养规程:3.1. 保养周期保养周期依据仪器使用频率而定,若仪器需在每天使用,则应该每周至少保养一次。
同时也需关注仪器的存储情况,尤其是在高温、高湿的环境下。
3.2. 保养方法在仪器保养时应注意事项:1.仪器不铁锈和结晶。
2.仪器表面应保持干净,去除脏污,避免化学药品中的腐蚀等等。
3.仪器底座应保持干燥、清洁,避免进水和灰尘的侵袭。
4. 结语本文主要介绍了增强皮拉尼真空计的安全操作及保养规程,从仪器安装、启动、实验操作和关闭、仪器保养等方面逐一阐述了安全注意事项,并提供了实用的保养方法。
皮拉尼真空计工作原理 温度测量
皮拉尼真空计工作原理温度测量下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
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AP2004皮拉尼真空计AP2004模拟输出:2个设置点 + 模拟输出2个设置点 + RS485ADIXEN在使用这个真空计之前,请仔细阅读此文件。
1、安全1-1.符号注意关于正确处理或使用的重要信息。
1-2.一般安全指令·这个真空计不要使用在腐蚀性或毒性气体的工况腐蚀性气体如含氟的气体可能造成传感器内部损坏,从而导致外部气体泄漏。
这可能造成人身伤害。
·小心安装或拆除真空计将真空计安装在真空管路上之后或拆除其之前,用干净和干燥气体去除传感器内部残余的气体和蒸气。
1-3.专业技术人员注意所有在这个文件中描述的工作要由经过适当技术培训和有足够经验的专业人去执行。
2、质量保证1.这个真空计的保修期为交货后一年。
2.如果这个真空计在这个文件描述的正常操作下发生任何故障,我司将提供免费维修。
3.质量保证是针对该产品。
任何因产品造成的其他损伤不在保质范围内。
4.即使在保质期内,如遇以下损坏需付费维修:ⅰ) 因不正确使用或非法维修及修改造成的损坏。
ⅱ) 在交货之后, 机械撞击造成的损坏。
ⅲ) 连接装置导致故障或损坏。
ⅳ) 因颗粒或外部物体进入传感器造成的损坏。
ⅴ) 因自然灾害造成的损坏例如火灾、地震、洪水或雷击。
ⅵ) 其它不在我们的责任范围之内的损坏。
5.维修或更换零件后的保修期为90天或遵从原先保质期的到期日,两种情况中相对晚到的日期为准。
3、技术参数3-1.详述测量压力范围:5E-2~1E5 (Pa)测量精确性 :5E-2~1E-1 (Pa):±50%:1E-1~1E4(Pa):±15%:1E4~1E5 (Pa):±50%重复性 :1E-1~1E4:2% / 环境温度25℃输入电压 :+14~30VDC(标准 24VDC) / 允许脉动:在2Vp-p下面消耗功率 :2W (消耗电流<150mA)模拟输出:0~10V (查阅 4-1)真空计辨识阻抗:13kΩ (D-sub 5-9pins)设置点:2 个接点输出 (1A30V, DC) ∕ SP・485 version only界面:RS485∕485 version onlyI∕O接口 :D-sub 9 pin(4-40)最大线长:200 m (0.34mm2)工作温度范围:5~60℃贮藏温度范围:-20~70℃匹配皮拉尼传感器:MP-1 (NW16,NW25,φ34ICF ,1/8NPT ,φ15adapter)3-2.尺寸 (下图为NN25接口的传感器)80×40×23mm3-3.零件名称 (下图为NN25接口的传感器M-350 PG-485)3-4.I/O接口的插头分配D-sub 9 Pin (公接头) M-350PG-STDM-350PG-SP M-350PG-4851 模拟输出(+) RS485(+)2 不使用 设置点 COM (继电器触点)3 不使用(N.C.)4 DC 电源输入(+):24VDC5 真空计辨识 (13kΩ)6 不使用 设置点1 (继电器触点)7 不使用设置点2 (继电器触点)8 模拟输出(-) RS485(-) 9DC 电源输入(-):0VDCADIXEN皮拉尼真空计传感器 皮拉尼真空计 控制器 I/O 接口 (D-sub 9P) 设置面板注意不要连接不使用的插脚。
忽视的话在连接调节电路时可能会导致故障。
3-5.I/O接口的接线下图显示每个I/O 接点的连接方式。
Ear t h注意·为电压阻抗和允许电流选择正确导线尺寸。
·连接防护接地线(黄色/绿色)。
没有接地连接,可能导致电击。
·在电源处安装保险丝。
在电路故障时忽视可能导致失火。
·使用信号线和电源线,当使用弯曲金属线可导致降低噪声杂波作用。
·例如,如果使用5厘米弯曲线,噪声杂波减少至1/112(41dB)。
3-6.安装必须使用相应的配件。
如果连接电线造成传感器向下的负载,需在传感器和控制器之间的连接区域加上保护。
为避免此情况,请将电线固定在相应构架上。
注意·在真空系统中安装真空计时,不要用手直接接触腔体里面。
忽视可能导致真空系统脱气的增加。
可能对真空工艺造成负面影响。
·安装真空计时小心不要污染真空系统的密封表面。
它可引起真空泄漏。
·在真空系统安装真空计时特别小心不要扭转或弯曲传感器头。
忽视可引起这个真空计的故障。
·安装这个真空计时远离振动。
忽视可引起这个真空计的故障。
·在真空系统安装这个真空计时,水平安装真空计避免测量误差。
·安装这个真空计时,远离温度变化激烈(在热源附近或热空气吹动)的地方和振动。
3-7.设置面板④ ⑤ ⑥② ③ ①① 电源显示灯接电源:绿色灯闪烁在校准过程内:橙色灯打开2秒 ② AT M∕VAC 大气压∕真空校准开关 ③ SP SEL 开关(STD 不含在内):设置点选择开关④ SP1 LED (STD 不含在内):设置点 1绿色LED ,打开时灯亮 ⑤ SP2 LED (STD 不含在内):设置点 2绿色LED ,打开时灯亮⑥ 数字开关 (STD 不含在内):SP :输入设置点数据:485;RS485的地址设置4、测量压力4-1.输出信号在I/O 接口针脚①+和⑧-之间可得到模拟信号(0 ~10V)输出。
输出值U 和压力P 之间的转换,请遵从以下规则:P = 10(U-d)(Pa) (计算P=10^(U-d) on PC) U:输出电压(V) d: 常数单位 Pa mbar Torr 常数 3.5 5.5 5.62下图显示测量气体为N2时,测量信号和压力之间关系。
当测量气体为其他气体且压力在500 Pa以下时,请乘以以下修正系数计算压力。
气体*C 气体*C氢气0.5 空气,氧气,一氧化碳,氮气 1.0氦气0.8 氪气 2.4氖气 1.4 氙气 3.0氩气 1.7 水蒸气0.5二氧化碳0.9 氟里昂 12 0.7*C:修正系数4-2.输出信号对于AP2004,在I/O 接口针脚①+和⑧-之间发送和接收命令及数据(RS 485系列)。
查阅RS485手册。
4-3.压力校准大气压以及真空状态的压力调节压力校准必须在2点进行,大气压和真空。
在真空室测量压力为大气压(1×105 Pa)或高真空(1×10-2 Pa)时,按设置面板上的②ATM∕V AC键。
当接受校准请求后,电源灯①点亮2秒(橙色灯),然后自动获得压力数据和温度补偿数据。
控制器自动地判断当前状况是大气压或真空。
如果②AT M∕VAC开关长按3秒以上,将强制设定为大气压校准。
4-4.设置点的设定使用设置面板。
设置点1和设置点2的设定都采用一个步骤(仅AP 2004 SP系列)。
使用数字开关⑥输入数字。
直接设置尾数。
转换和输入值请根据下图。
指数设置表数字开关符号指数设置值(Pa)数字开关符号指数设置值(Pa)0 0 8 -81 -1 9 -92 -2 A +63 -3 B +54 -4 C +45 -5 D +36 -6 E +27 -7 F +14CD例如:设置点 1: 5×102 = 500 (Pa) 设置点 2: 8×10-1 = 0.8 (Pa)操作描述显示 开始正常测量模式1.按SP SEL 开关 准备为SP1设置尾数2.设置数字开关:5 设置SP1尾数(1~9):5SP1橙色灯稳定3.按SP SEL 开关 储存SP1尾数 & 准备设置指数4.设置数字开关:E 根据设置表设置SP1指数:+2SP1橙色灯间隔每0.5秒闪动一次48C 46.设置数字开关:8 设置SP2尾数(1~9):8 7.按SP SEL 开关 储存SP2尾数 & 准备设置指数 8.设置DIGI 开关:1 根据设置表设置SP2指数:-1SP2橙色灯间隔每0.5秒闪动一次9.按SP SEL 开关储存SP2指数 & 准备设置单位10.设置数字开关:0 SP 的压力单位1:Torr 2:mbar 其它:Pa SP1,2橙色灯间隔每0.5秒闪动一次11.按SP SEL 开关储存压力单位 &回到初始测量模式初始状态4-5.设置输出点设置点的继电器输出需要和SP 数值有10%压力差距。
(开:SP 值,关:+10%SP 值)。
O NO FFO NR el ay O ut putP r essur Set P oi H yst er esi sV al ue4C4C注意·当从真空系统上拆除真空计时,不要用手直接接触系统内部。
忽视可能导致真空系统脱气的增加,并且对系统工艺产生负面的作用。
·从真空系统拆除真空计时小心不要污染真空系统的密封表面。
它可导致真空泄漏。
·当从真空系统拆除这个真空计时,不要扭转和弯曲传感器头。
忽视可能导致传感器故障。
①关闭供应电源。
②对真空系统放气使系统回复到大气压。
③拆除电信号接头。
④拆除这个真空计与真空系统的连接。
⑤在这个真空计接口处安装防护盖。
6、维护注意·污垢进入真空计造成的故障不在保修范围内。
·当需要维修时,阿尔卡特高真空技术(上海)有限公司联系。
·用户维修或拆卸过的产品不在保修范围内。
6-1.故障排除症状可能原因采取措施输出信号小于0.1v没有供电检查电源电压、电线、接线和保险丝输出信号低于0.4v控制器故障维修控制器输出信号大于8.5v压力过大检查真空室压力输出信号大于9.5v传感器故障维修传感器—传感器鉴定阻抗I/O 接口的阻抗值可通过测量⑤和⑨针之间获得,为13KΩ。
如果用户无法发现原因,阿尔卡特高真空技术(上海)有限公司联系。
6-2.传感器更换①拆除传感器:拆除M2.6 螺丝,然后根据箭头指示的方向拔出传感器。
②安装传感器:③慢慢地将定位针插入孔内安装传感器,不要使针弯曲。
在安装之后,用M2.6螺丝锁紧。
校准:校准请查阅4-3。
6-3.清洗注意·不要用液体清洁剂清洗真空计内部。
忽视的话可能造成真空计的故障。
·经常使用酒精清洗外表面。
不要使用丙酮这类产品。
6-4.贮藏长久贮藏真空计时远离热﹑湿气和灰尘。
注意产品没填好〝安全调查表〞的话,将被退回寄件人。