Airplane Flight Controls

Where the pilot controls the aircraft
Airframe
Mechanical structure of the airplane
FUSELAGE


Fixed or moveable structure that can support the elevator Tailplane


Flight controls are what allow us to control the airplane We have to know what they do in order to fly properly Knowing how the primary flight controls work is essential to flight Knowing how to work the secondary flight controls will help to reduce our workload
the ground and allows it to taxi, takeoff, and land Undercarriage Wheel Wheel gear Gear
LANDING GEAR


Main body section that holds passengers, crew, and cargo Cockpit


Set pitch, power and configuration then adjust the trim Any time one of those variables in changed, the trim must be adjusted
vertical stabilizer ho aileron rudder elevator

How can we overcome it?
Use the rudder
roll to the right


Byproduct of lift is drag Drag on the left wing is also greatly increased which causes a momentary yaw to the left

Several ways to overcome adverse yaw
Flaps
Trim
Baidu Nhomakorabea

Located on the wing closest to the fuselage Can be extended or retracted as needed They allow us to pitch down to descend but not gain airspeed
Thumbs rule

Upward deflection on the right decreases that wing’s lift while downward deflection on the left increases that wing’s lift
Increased lift on the left wing causes the plane to
Ailerons Elevator Rudder

What is the purpose of secondary flight controls?
To reduce our workload and improve flight
characteristics

What are the secondary flight controls?
RUDDER


When you step on the left rudder pedal, the rudder moves left Causes lift to the right side of the tail which moves the nose left


Located on the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer Controls pitch about the lateral axis

Propeller

What causes adverse yaw?
When you deflect an aileron downward it
increases lift and drag. The extra drag pulls the nose toward that wing, away from the direction you want to turn
wing horizontal stabilizer
propeller fuselage
landing gear

What is the purpose of primary flight controls?
To safely control the airplane

What are the primary flight controls?
Airfoil can be other structures as well
WING

Structure that turns rotational motion into thrust
PROPELLER
The structure that supports the aircraft on

Your plane likely won’t have either type of ailerons so what can you do to overcome adverse yaw?
RUDDER!!



Located on the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer Controls yaw about the vertical axis
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER


Structure that supports the rudder Fin
VERTICAL STABILIZER


Those required to safely control the airplane What are the primary flight controls?
Ailerons
Rudder
Elevator

Attached to the trailing edge of the wing on the outboard side

Control roll about the longitudinal axis

Moving the yoke to the right causes the right aileron to deflect upwards and the left ailerons to deflect downwards

Discuss:
Parts of the airplane structure Primary flight controls
Secondary flight controls
vertical stabilizer aileron flap wing horizontal stabilizer rudder elevator
Trim Flaps

What is an airfoil? Body that moves through a fluid and creates lift
Which surfaces on the airplane are airfoils?
Wing Horizontal stabilizer Vertical stabilizer

Moves in opposite direction of the elevator
When you pitch up, the elevator deflects up and
when you put in nose up trim the trim tab deflects down This gives you downward lift on the elevator The air flowing over the tail hits the trim tab and creates lift on the tab which holds the elevator up
ELEVATOR


Moving the yoke aft deflects the elevator up Creates downward lift which moves the tail down and the nose up


Designed to reduce our workload Allows us to improve flight characteristics Which are secondary flight controls?
Need to pitch down to descend for landing Want to land at a slow airspeed


Used to relieve pilots of having to hold constant pressure on the flight controls Most common type is a single tab located on the trailing edge of the elevator

These deflect the up aileron more than the down deflected one which increases drag on the up wing so it’s equal to the one that’s down

These jut the leading edge of the up wing into the airflow which causes drag to equal the down wing
propeller
fuselage
landing gear


Structure with a surface that produces lift Airfoil
Body that moves through a fluid and creates lift
Wing is an airfoil