reference

1 Reference in pragmatics.
In semantics , it is often assumed that the words we use to identify things are in some direct relationship to those things . However , it is not as simple as that .
Introduction R.H. Robins: General Linguistics Jacob L. Mey: Pragmatic An Introduction Stephen C. Levinson；Pragmatics 何兆熊：《现代语言学》 刘润清，刘旭：《新编语言学教程 胡壮麟： 《语言学教程》
e.g: A:How do you know I am here? B:Li Bin told me.
Discourse deixis
Any expression used to refer to earlier or forthcoming segments
of discourse is an example of discourse deixis. For example ,in the previous or next paragraph .
B:I am going to seaside.
Time deixis
Words used to point to a time are examples of time deixis ,for examples ,now ,then ,tonight ,last week ,this year .
e.g:In the previous paragraph ,we have learned the style of deixis. Now we start to learn some functions of deixis.
Social deixis Honorifics are often encountered in
Similarity
e.g : We have just flown back from Paris .
In this sentence , the speaker uses the word “ Paris ” to refer to or denote the city . This action of identifying with words is often called “ referring “or “ denoting “.
Conclusion :Both reference and denotation deal with the relationship between linguistic expressions and non-linguistic entity in the real world.
Differences
Reference
Class 5 Group 6 Leader : Yan Lina Representers:Song Yunyun
Wang Xiaomin Answerers: Zhao Min
Chen Wenwen PPT Maker: Wang Cong
ⅠDefinition ⅡReference and Denotation
A :Where is the fresh salad sitting? B :He is sitting by the door.
Inຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidupragmatics ,the act by which a speaker or writer uses language to enable a hearer or reader to identify something is called
Person deixis
Any expression used to point to a person is an example of person deixis , for example ,me ,you , him ,them.
e.g: A: Li Ming ,where are you going ?
the languages of the world .
e.g: A: Professor Li , how do you think of my paper ? B: It is still need to improve .
Reference: John I.Saeed: Semantics John Lyons: Linguistic Semantics :An
e.g :You will have to bring that back tomorrow , because they cannot here now.
e.g: I will be back in an hour .
Classification of deixis
1 Person deixis 2 Time deixis 3 Space deixis 4 Discourse deixis 5 Social deixis
Denotation is a stable relationship in
a language which is not dependent
on any one use of a word . Reference is a moment by moment relationship : what entity somebody refers to by using the word depends on the context.
e.g: A: Would you like to go shopping with me tomorrow?
B: I am sorry .I have an exam.
Space deixis Words used to point to a location
are examples of space deixis For example ,here , there ,yonder.
Denote is used for the relation between a linguistic expression and the world , while refer is used for the action of a speaker in picking out entities in the world.
1.Similarity 2.Difference
ⅢReference and Deixis
1.Reference in Pragmatics 2.Deixis
Example
What does “dog” mean?
This is a dog.
Definition
Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world , it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
reference.
Deixis
In all languages there are many words and expressions whose reference depends entirely on the situational context of the utterance and can only be understood in light of these circumstances .This aspect of pragmatics is called deixis .