论《了不起的盖茨比》美国梦的破灭【文献综述】
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭《了不起的盖茨比》是一部描述美国在20世纪初期经济繁荣但道德沦丧的小说。
小说作者菲茨杰拉德展现了人们对美国梦的执着追求和对梦想的破灭。
小说的主人公盖茨比是一个有钱有势但内心空虚的人,他希望通过追求自己的心灵伴侣黛西来弥补内心的空虚,但最终却在自己孤独的死亡中结束了自己的一生。
爱情悲剧成为了表现美国梦破灭的最佳方式。
首先,小说中的盖茨比代表了美国梦中的成功和财富。
盖茨比过去是一个穷苦的青年,但他通过努力工作和机智的商业头脑成为了一个富有的男人。
他拥有了豪华的别墅和昂贵的车子,他的花园里布满了名流和权贵。
但是,尽管盖茨比生活在富裕的物质环境中,他却常常感到空虚和失落。
他的内心无法满足,因为金钱和权力并不能让他得到真正的幸福。
这暗示了美国梦的虚无和空洞,它将人们研究的心灵抛在一旁,而只注重于表面上的物质成功。
其次,小说中的黛西代表了美国梦中的破灭。
她是一个人人都羡慕的女人,有着美丽的外貌和迷人的个性。
但是,她的生活却充满了不幸和痛苦。
她爱盖茨比,但却嫁给了富有的汤姆,而且还曾经抛弃过盖茨比。
这代表了美国梦中的对爱情的无能和追求不寻常的愿望的悲哀的焦虑。
小说中的黛西和盖茨比的关系,表明人们对于美国梦的执着追求是使真正的爱情不可能存在的。
此外小说所描述的华丽富裕的生活,暗示了美国梦不可持续的狂热性。
小说中的角色们生活在奢侈和无忧无虑的环境中,盛宴上有着无穷无尽的食物和饮料。
但是,这种生活无所事事和浪费导致了黑色和破灭。
小说中的每个角色都有一个悲剧性的命运。
他们中的一些人都在横跨的宝藏和失败之间无法摆脱。
总之,小说《了不起的盖茨比》揭示了美国梦的破灭。
人们对美国梦的渴望和追求,往往误导了他们的心灵,导致了人与人之间的冲突和矛盾。
小说通过爱情悲剧的方式表现了美国梦的悲哀和破灭,揭示了金钱和权力并不能带来真正的幸福和逆来顺受,而是导致了人的心灵的空洞和脆弱。
只有在追求真正的精神和人性的价值的过程中,才能在内心获得真正的满足和幸福。
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭1. 引言1.1 简介《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家菲茨杰拉德的代表作之一,被誉为20世纪最伟大的小说之一。
小说以20世纪20年代的美国为背景,展现了一个关于爱情、财富和美国梦的悲剧故事。
主人公盖茨比是一个自信、富有和具有迷人魅力的男人,他对自己的爱情执着不渝,却最终导致了悲剧的结局。
在这个故事中,美国梦的象征与破灭在盖茨比身上得到了充分体现,反映了菲茨杰拉德对美国社会的深刻思考和批判。
通过分析《了不起的盖茨比》中的爱情悲剧和美国梦的象征与破灭,我们可以更深刻地理解美国梦的本质以及其在现实生活中的影响。
在本文中,我们将从这几个方面来探讨这部经典小说所呈现的主题和内涵。
2. 正文2.1 盖茨比的爱情悲剧盖茨比的爱情悲剧在小说中体现得淋漓尽致,他为了追求黛茜不惜一切,但最终却发现自己的爱情无法与现实相抗衡。
他的爱情不仅受到阶级差异的阻碍,还受到道德观念和社会规范的束缚。
盖茨比心甘情愿为了爱情牺牲一切,但最终却发现自己的美国梦只是一场空欢喜。
他的爱情悲剧反映了美国社会中现实与理想的冲突,以及个人努力与社会现实之间的矛盾。
盖茨比的爱情悲剧警示着人们在追求美国梦的过程中要理性思考,不要盲目追求虚幻的幸福。
他的爱情悲剧也使人反思美国社会中的悲剧现实,以及个人命运与社会环境之间的关系。
通过盖茨比的爱情悲剧,我们可以更深刻地理解美国梦的象征与破灭,以及对美国梦的反思。
2.2 美国梦的象征与破灭盖茨比的财富和派对生活被描绘为虚荣和空洞,反映了美国梦的虚假性。
尽管他财大气粗,但他内心的孤独和失落却无法用金钱来弥补。
而黛西也是被虚荣和社会地位所蒙蔽,最终选择留在有地位的丈夫汤姆身边。
这表明了在现实生活中,美国梦并非真正的幸福之源,而是一个虚幻的幻想。
美国梦在《了不起的盖茨比》中被揭示为一个破碎、虚幻的梦想。
盖茨比用财富和地位来追求幸福和爱情,最终却发现这并非真正的幸福。
这让人反思,美国梦到底是什么?是金钱和地位,还是内心的满足和真实的爱情?在现实生活中,我们需要思考美国梦的真正含义,以避免陷入虚幻和空洞的幻想中。
从《了不起的盖茨比》看“美国梦”的破灭【毕业论文+文献综述+
本科毕业论文(二〇一一届)题目从《了不起的盖茨比》看“美国梦”的破灭学院专业汉语言文学班级学号学生姓名指导教师完成日期教务处制二〇一一年五月目录摘要.............................................................................................................. 2 关键词.. (2)Abstract............................................................................................................2 Keywords ........................................................................................................2 一、弗司各特菲茨杰拉德简介..............................................................2 二、“美国梦”的历史渊源和主题变奏......................................................4 三、作品中盖茨比“美国梦三部曲”的寻求与幻灭..................................5 (一)发财梦..........................................................................................5 (二)地位梦..........................................................................................8 (三)爱情梦..........................................................................................9 四、盖茨比美国梦破灭引起的思考............................................................12 注释........................................................................................................15 参考文献........................................................................................................16 致谢........................................................................................................18从《了不起的盖茨比》看“美国梦”的破灭摘要:对“美国梦”的形成与发展以及小说主人公盖茨比“美国梦”进行分析。
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家菲茨杰拉德创作的一部经典小说,通过描写主人公盖茨比的一段爱情故事,深刻地反映了美国梦的破灭。
在小说中,盖茨比是一个年轻有为的富豪,他深深地爱着黛西,而黛西则成为了他追求梦想的象征。
这段爱情最终以悲剧收场,彰显了美国梦的破灭。
盖茨比对黛西的爱情是盲目的、虚幻的。
他对黛西的迷恋远远超过了对黛西本身的了解。
在盖茨比心中,黛西代表了他对美好生活的向往和梦想的实现。
他相信只要拥有黛西,就能实现自己的美国梦。
随着故事的发展,盖茨比发现黛西并不像他所幻想的那样完美,她是一个自私、虚荣的女人,对金钱和社会地位有着极强的追求。
这个真相的揭示让盖茨比意识到自己的爱情是空洞无物的,他的美国梦已经开始破灭。
爱情的悲剧在于黛西不愿意放弃她的经济地位和婚姻来追随盖茨比的美国梦。
黛西希望过上富豪般的生活,而盖茨比则期望黛西能够挑战现有的社会制度,与他共同追求梦想。
黛西最终选择了安逸的生活,嫁给了富商汤姆。
她对盖茨比的梦想冷漠和背叛,让盖茨比深陷绝望和痛苦的境地。
黛西的选择意味着美国梦的破灭,她代表了一个迷失在物欲和束缚中的美国人。
盖茨比最终悲剧性地死于一个错误的身份认同,这也是他的美国梦彻底破灭的象征。
为了追求黛西和美国梦,盖茨比改变了自己的身份背景,创造了一个神秘而富有的形象。
他的真实身份在小说的结尾被揭穿,他从一个梦想家变成了一个土得掉渣的农场主的孩子。
这个错误的身份认同让盖茨比无法追求自己的梦想,最终导致了他的悲剧性死亡。
通过《了不起的盖茨比》中的爱情悲剧,我们可以看到美国梦的破灭。
小说揭示了美国社会虚荣、势利和贫富差距的问题。
它表达了对美国梦的怀疑和批判,认为这个梦想不过是空洞的幻想。
梦想与现实之间的悲剧性冲突成为了小说的核心主题,也反映了当时美国社会的现实困境。
最终,盖茨比的爱情悲剧彰显了美国梦的破灭。
他对黛西的爱情虽然执着而真诚,但无法改变黛西和社会制度的冷漠和背叛。
《了不起的盖茨比》与美国梦的破灭
了不起的盖茨比与美国梦的破灭概述《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德所著的一部经典小说。
这部小说通过描述20世纪1920年代的美国社会,揭示了“美国梦”的破灭与现实之间存在的巨大鸿沟。
本文将探讨主人公盖茨比塑造的美国梦以及他最终面对挫折和失败时所引发的反思。
美国梦与社会背景在20世纪初,美国迎来了蓬勃发展和经济繁荣的时期。
人们相信只要通过努力工作,每个人都可以实现自己的梦想,追求财富、成功和幸福。
这种理念被称为“美国梦”。
盖茨比塑造的美国梦盖茨比是小说中一个富有且神秘的角色。
他通过腾跃而来,在尼克·卡拉威(故事叙述者)眼中,成为无与伦比、令人叹服和“了不起”的化身。
据尼克的叙述,盖茨比是个认真追求成功、致力于改变自己出身的人。
为了实现自己的美国梦,他远离贫困故乡,凭借激情和决心来到纽约。
通过掌握投机和赚钱的技巧,他成为了一个富有的商人。
盖茨比美国梦的破灭然而,在《了不起的盖茨比》中,菲茨杰拉德描绘了美国梦与现实之间不可调和的矛盾。
尽管盖茨比取得了财富和社会地位,但他并没有融入上层社会圈子。
对于许多人来说,美国梦意味着创造新机会,突破社会障碍,并最终实现幸福与满足感。
然而,在小说中,菲茨杰拉德揭示了虚假性社交关系、浮华夜生活以及对金钱与权力无尽欲望的批判。
最终,盖茨比被一个虚弱愚昧的世界所淹没,并且面对着一次次失败和失去自我的经历。
在小说结尾处,他最终在努力追求的梦想和现实之间的冲突中遭到了悲剧性的命运。
反思与启示通过《了不起的盖茨比》的故事,我们可以发现菲茨杰拉德对美国梦所持的批判态度。
他揭示了超出财富和成功之外真正幸福与满足感的欠缺。
小说对社会浮华、空虚和个人身份探索提出了深刻问题。
这使我们反思,美国梦是一种伟大的理想,但若仅依赖物质追求,并忽视人性需求,就会导致精神上的空虚和破碎。
同时,作为读者也应该审视自己对于成功、财富和幸福的定义,并思考是否我们也存在类似的困惑和挣扎。
了不起的盖茨比美国梦的破灭
了不起的盖茨比美国梦的破灭了不起的盖茨比:美国梦的破灭在弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的经典小说《了不起的盖茨比》中,探讨了美国梦的主题。
小说以20世纪20年代的庞大富贵和社交上流为背景,通过主人公盖茨比的兴衰叙述了一个关于欲望、追求和破灭的故事。
本文将分析《了不起的盖茨比》中的主要人物形象和情节,探讨美国梦在小说中所带来的破灭感。
首先,小说中的主人公杰·盖茨比是一个充满野心和爱情的人物。
他通过欺骗和犯罪手段聚敛财富,勾结黑社会成为一个富有的人,但他的成就并不是为了物质的享受,而是为了追求爱情,重新获得他深爱的黛西。
尽管他为了达到目的不择手段,但他的行为背后流露出对追求梦想的渴望和不屈不挠的精神。
然而,无论盖茨比如何努力追求,他的美国梦最终被现实所破灭。
他所追求的黛西,代表着他心中的完美女性形象,但黛西却始终无法满足他的期望。
她选择了婚姻和社会地位,而不是盖茨比那单纯的爱情。
盖茨比将黛西美化成一种理想化的存在,但这种理想化只存在于他的幻想中,现实中的黛西并不具备盖茨比心中的那种品质。
因此,他所追求的美国梦最终变得破碎且产生了无法挽回的破灭感。
另一个展示美国梦破灭的角色是托姆·布坎南。
作为一个富有权贵的人物,托姆具备了传统意义上的美国梦的实现条件。
然而,托姆并没有满足于自己的地位和财富,他对权力和威望的追求导致了他对婚姻的不忠和道德的堕落。
尽管他拥有物质上的富足,但他内心的虚无感却让他陷入不满和无聊中,最终使得他对美国梦的追求变得空洞和虚伪。
通过盖茨比和托姆两个人物的对比,小说揭示了美国梦在现实社会中的脆弱性和虚假性。
无论是通过努力工作还是通过欺骗手段富起来的人,他们内心深处的追求都无法得到满足。
富有并不能带来真正的幸福和满足感,相反,它更多地是导致人们迷失自我,失去真正价值的人生。
这种破灭感在小说中通过盖茨比和托姆的命运得到了生动地描绘。
此外,《了不起的盖茨比》还通过描写那个繁华世界的另一面,展现了美国梦的虚假和触不可及性。
谈《了不起的盖茨比》中破灭的美国梦
谈《了不起的盖茨比》中破灭的美国梦本文从网络收集而来,上传到平台为了帮到更多的人,如果您需要使用本文档,请点击下载按钮下载本文档(有偿下载),另外祝您生活愉快,工作顺利,万事如意!《了不起的盖茨比》使司各特·菲茨杰拉德一夜成名,他毫无争议的站在了上世纪二十年代美国文坛的前列,在美国文学史上有“迷惘的一代”的说法,他不仅是其中之一,而且才华横溢。
《了不起的盖茨比》是其经典之作,先后被译为多种语言,并被改变为电影,名噪一时。
司各特·菲茨杰拉德以美国第一次世界大战后的发展为背景,叙写了“迷惘的一代”的代表杰伊·盖茨比“美国梦”的幻灭,揭露了战争对社会风气的影响,以及人们价值观的改变,战后的泡沫经济催生了一批富翁,而这些人面对资产阶级的传统道德和现实的放荡不羁也感到纠结和无助,经济富足,但精神荒芜。
这个时代在菲茨杰拉德笔下被命名为“爵士时代”,他的作品客观真实,再现了那个时代美国社会的现状,以及人们的精神面貌。
菲茨杰拉德的作品掷地有声,可以说是这个时代的代言人,因此拥有“爵士时代的桂冠诗人”的美称。
一、《了不起的盖茨比》分析及“美国梦”的解读菲茨杰拉德是个多产的小作家,但小说《了不起的盖茨比》是他影响力最大的作品,评论界极力推荐,称其为二十年代美国现实社会的写照,具有无可取代的现实意义。
“美国梦”幻灭是小说的题旨,关于美国梦主题的探讨此起彼伏。
小说的主人翁盖茨比出身于贫寒家庭,有着自己心仪的爱情和梦中人,但战争震断了他的爱情梦。
战后,他寻觅曾经的意中人,却发现她早已移情别恋。
盖茨比认为是金钱所导致,所以在今后几年奋发致富,一举成为社会名流,拥有财产无数。
他痴心不改,建别墅遥望对岸的佳人,并数度举行宴会以引起“意中人”的注意,以便鸳梦重温。
最后被无情的社会现实和贬值的道义击碎,以死亡而告终。
盖茨比的悲剧具有一定的代表性,是“美国梦”发展的规律。
小说的构思很精巧,主线是故事的旁观者尼克·卡罗威。
《了不起的盖茨比》的美国梦为何破灭
《了不起的盖茨比》的美国梦为何破灭《<了不起的盖茨比>的美国梦为何破灭》在菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》中,主人公盖茨比怀揣着对财富、地位和爱情的炽热梦想,奋力追逐那看似璀璨夺目的“美国梦”。
然而,最终他的梦想却在残酷的现实面前支离破碎。
这一悲剧的背后,有着多方面深层次的原因。
首先,社会阶层的固化是盖茨比美国梦破灭的重要因素之一。
20 世纪 20 年代的美国,尽管表面上经济繁荣,但阶层之间的差距却愈发明显,上升通道狭窄。
盖茨比出身贫寒,无论他如何努力积累财富,试图挤入上流社会,都难以改变他在那些传统贵族眼中的“底层”身份。
在那个时代,财富和出身紧密相连,社会地位更多地取决于家族背景而非个人奋斗。
那些老牌贵族们,如汤姆,对盖茨比这样的新贵充满了鄙夷和排斥。
他们坚守着自己的阶层优越感,将盖茨比视为一个粗俗的暴发户,不愿意真正接纳他进入自己的圈子。
其次,道德的沦丧和价值观的扭曲也给盖茨比的梦想蒙上了阴影。
在那个物欲横流的时代,人们追求的往往是金钱和享乐,而忽略了道德和精神层面的追求。
汤姆虽然出身上流社会,但他却道德败坏,背着妻子在外寻欢作乐。
黛西,这个盖茨比心中的女神,也不过是一个虚荣、自私、怯懦的女子。
她在盖茨比和汤姆之间摇摆不定,最终还是选择了汤姆的财富和地位,而放弃了与盖茨比的爱情。
整个社会弥漫着虚伪、贪婪和自私的气息,使得盖茨比所追求的纯真爱情和美好梦想在这样的环境中显得格格不入。
再者,盖茨比自身的盲目与天真也是导致他梦想破灭的原因之一。
他将黛西视为自己梦想的象征,过度美化了她和他们之间的爱情。
他以为只要拥有足够的财富,就能重新赢回黛西的心,却没有意识到时间已经改变了一切,包括黛西。
他沉浸在自己编织的美好幻想中,忽略了现实的复杂性和残酷性。
他的梦想建立在虚幻的基础上,缺乏对人性和社会的清醒认识,这使得他在面对挫折时毫无招架之力。
此外,当时动荡的社会环境也对盖茨比的美国梦造成了冲击。
20 世纪20 年代,美国经历了一战后的经济繁荣,但随后也迎来了经济危机。
《了不起的盖茨比》与美国梦的破灭
《了不起的盖茨比》与美国梦的破灭嘿,朋友们,今天咱们来聊聊那本让人又爱又恨的《了不起的盖茨比》。
你可能会问,这书和美国梦有啥关系?别急,听我慢慢道来。
首先,得说说这本书的背景。
故事发生在20世纪20年代的美国,那是个繁荣昌盛的年代,人们都在追求所谓的“美国梦”——财富、地位和幸福。
听起来是不是挺诱人的?但别急,这梦可没那么容易实现。
咱们的主角盖茨比,一个出身贫寒的小伙子,通过自己的努力,摇身一变成了富有的商人。
他的生活奢华至极,豪宅、豪车、豪华派对,应有尽有。
这看起来不就是美国梦的完美体现吗?但别急着下结论。
盖茨比的财富来得并不光彩,他通过非法手段积累了财富。
而他追求的,是那个早已嫁给别人的黛西。
他以为,只要有足够的钱,就能赢得黛西的心。
但现实是残酷的,黛西并不爱他,她爱的只是他的钱。
这是不是让你想起了那些为了金钱而放弃真爱的人?盖茨比的悲剧,正是美国梦破灭的缩影。
他以为金钱能带来一切,但最终却失去了一切。
他的豪宅成了空壳,他的财富成了泡影,他的生命也走到了尽头。
这是不是让你想起了那些为了追求梦想而迷失自我的人?《了不起的盖茨比》告诉我们,美国梦并非遥不可及,但也不是那么容易实现。
它需要我们付出努力,更需要我们坚守原则。
金钱和地位固然重要,但它们并不能带来真正的幸福。
只有当我们找到内心的平静和满足,才能真正实现美国梦。
所以,朋友们,下次当你在追求梦想的时候,别忘了问问自己:这真的是我想要的吗?还是只是被金钱和地位蒙蔽了双眼?记住,真正的美国梦,是内心的满足和幸福,而不是外在的财富和地位。
让我们一起努力,去追寻那个真正的美国梦吧!。
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家菲茨杰拉德的一部著名小说,这部小说讲述了20世纪1920年代美国社会的繁荣和腐败。
小说的主题之一是爱情悲剧与美国梦的破灭,通过盖茨比和黛西的爱情故事,展现了美国梦的虚幻和破灭。
本文将从爱情悲剧的角度,分析《了不起的盖茨比》中揭示的美国梦的破灭。
盖茨比对黛西的爱情是一个典型的悲剧。
盖茨比是一个出身卑微的穷苦孤儿,凭借自己的才华和勤奋打拼,成为了一个富甲一方的商业巨头。
他内心深处一直无法忘记自己对黛西的深爱。
黛西是一个美丽动人的女人,她也曾爱过盖茨比,但最终选择与富有的汤姆结婚。
盖茨比为了重获黛西的芳心,用尽一切手段,包括通过犯罪手段获取财富,来打造一个让黛西嫁给自己的幻想世界。
当盖茨比看到黛西已经与汤姆有了孩子,他绝望地发现自己无法挽回黛西的心。
最终,盖茨比在试图帮助黛西摆脱罪责时,被误认为是肇事逃逸的罪犯而遭到暗杀。
整个爱情故事以盖茨比的悲剧结局结束,展现了美国梦中爱情的虚幻和破灭。
《了不起的盖茨比》中的爱情悲剧也揭示了美国梦的虚假和破灭。
在20世纪20年代的美国社会中,金钱和社会地位成为了人们追求的最高目标,而美国梦也被塑造成了一个拥有财富和权力就能得到幸福的理想境界。
盖茨比通过刻意打造自己的身份和世界,试图获得黛西的爱情而最终失败,反映了美国梦的虚幻和破灭。
盖茨比的努力和牺牲最终都化为泡影,他并没有获得真正的幸福,而是在自己的执着中失去了一切。
而黛西的婚姻选择更是成为了她内心痛苦和迷茫的象征,她虽然生活在富有的环境中,却无法得到真正的幸福。
简析《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的悲剧成因【文献综述】
文献综述英语简析《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的悲剧成因一、前言部分(说明写作的目的,介绍有关概念,扼要说明有关主题争论焦点)《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家弗·斯格特·菲茨杰拉德所写的一部以20世纪20年代的纽约市及长岛为背景的短篇小说,被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征。
小说讲述了出身卑微的盖茨比为能进入美国上流社会,实现其“美国梦”,不惜付出一切代价积累财富,但最终以失败告终的故事。
对于这部作品,国内外争论的焦点也非常多。
有从女性形象分析,反应作者本人对美国20世纪20年代妇女及美国社会精神价值的严肃思考。
通过对黛西、乔丹、茱特尔三位女性性格、金钱观、爱情的描写,菲茨杰拉德成功刻画了那个时代美国社会中典型的女性形象,其外表虽然绚丽,但其本质是浅薄空虚的。
有分析作品中的“二元主角”现象,“二元主角”代表了梦想的两极:一个迷恋,一个清醒。
作者的矛盾态度也在两个主角身上体现的淋漓尽致。
但目前研究的最多的是导致盖茨比的悲剧的原因。
有人从爱情、金钱角度分析,也有人将其归结于当时的消费特点,更多评论家将盖茨比的死亡悲剧、梦想的破灭归结于美国梦。
但基于这部小说的写作背景,以及故事本身的情节来看,盖茨比的悲剧成因远非是仅仅一个美国梦那么简单。
从社会和个人多角度分析更能全面解释盖茨比的悲剧,进而也更好的理解作者的意图——批判美国社会中的“财阀野心”及其诱惑给人们带来的毁灭性代价。
因此本文将从四个方面出发来分析盖茨比的悲剧。
一、变质的美国梦。
从某种意义上来说,盖茨比的梦幻并非真正的美国梦,他的梦与传统意义上的美国梦有本质上的差别。
二、“爵士时代”美国社会中存在的阶级关系。
以汤姆为代表的富人阶级和以盖茨比为代表的下层阶级的矛盾体现了这两个阶级的对立。
富人阶级始终瞧不起下层阶级出身的盖茨比,也暗示了盖茨比最终不可能成功的悲剧。
三、盖茨比的爱情理想主义。
盖茨比对于黛西近似女神的对待,明显地表现了他对理想的不遗余力的追求。
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家菲茨杰拉德的一部经典小说,也是20世纪美国文学史上的重要作品之一。
小说以爱情悲剧为主题,讲述了主人公盖茨比为了追求自己的美国梦而不幸破灭的故事。
通过对小说的分析,我们可以看到盖茨比爱情悲剧的故事正是美国梦的破灭,反映了20世纪美国社会中金钱、权力和虚荣的堕落、欺诈和空虚。
本文将从盖茨比与黛茜的爱情、金钱与虚荣心以及社会地位的角度来分析美国梦的破灭。
盖茨比与黛茜的爱情被认为是美国梦的破灭的象征。
盖茨比对黛茜的爱情是全文的核心,也是他生活的意义所在。
黛茜却是一个虚荣、自私和肤浅的女人,她选择了有钱的汤姆而不是真心爱她的盖茨比。
这种爱情的悲剧正是美国梦的破灭之一,即金钱和地位胜过了真挚的感情和真爱。
在盖茨比看来,只要他有足够的金钱和地位,他就可以拥有一切,包括黛茜的爱情。
事实证明他是错的,黛茜并不爱他,并且将他彻底拒绝。
盖茨比的爱情悲剧表明,现实世界中并非所有人都能够实现他们的美国梦,有时候,即使你拥有一切,也未必能够拥有你真正渴望的爱情。
金钱和虚荣心是美国梦破灭的另一个关键因素。
盖茨比是一个从穷苦家庭出身的年轻人,通过自己的努力成为了一个百万富翁,他的一生都在追求着财富和地位,这也是他对黛茜爱情的动力所在。
随着他追求金钱和地位的过程中,他却失去了自己真正的价值和追求。
在小说中,盖茨比将他的豪宅凯旋门庄园布置成了金碧辉煌的世外桃源,他开豪车、举办聚会和热情接待客人,一切都是为了展现他的财富和地位。
事实证明,这些金钱和虚荣心并不能带给他真正的快乐和满足感。
最终,在黛茜的死亡和自己被谋杀的悲剧中,盖茨比认识到了自己所追求的金钱和地位并不能给他带来真正的幸福。
正如小说中所描述的一样,“金钱和地位并不能让你快乐”。
社会地位的重要性也是美国梦破灭的重要原因。
在20世纪美国社会中,社会地位是一切的代名词,拥有了社会地位的人才能够获得尊重和认可。
《了不起的盖茨比》:美国梦的幻灭
《了不起的盖茨比》:美国梦的幻灭《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德于1925年出版的一部小说。
这部小说以20世纪20年代的美国为背景,描绘了一个充满繁荣和浮华的时代,同时也展现了美国梦的幻灭。
本文将从主人公盖茨比的追求、社会阶层的固化以及道德堕落等方面来探讨《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的幻灭。
首先,盖茨比是一个追求美国梦的典型代表。
他出身贫寒,但通过自己的努力和机智,成为了一个富有的人。
然而,他的财富并没有带给他真正的幸福和满足感。
他对美国梦的追求并非只是追求金钱和地位,更多的是追求爱情和幸福。
他对邻居黛西的执着追求,体现了他对美国梦的追求。
然而,最终他发现,金钱和地位并不能带来真正的幸福,他的美国梦最终破灭了。
其次,社会阶层的固化也是导致美国梦幻灭的原因之一。
小说中描绘了上层社会的奢华和浮华,以及下层社会的贫困和艰辛。
社会阶层的固化使得贫穷的人很难改变自己的命运,而富有的人则更加追求虚荣和享乐。
盖茨比虽然通过自己的努力跻身上层社会,但他始终无法被上层社会所接受和认同。
他的财富和地位只是一层外壳,无法改变他的出身和社会地位。
社会阶层的固化使得美国梦变得遥不可及,让人们对美国梦的追求感到绝望。
最后,道德堕落也是导致美国梦幻灭的原因之一。
小说中描绘了上层社会的道德沦丧和虚伪。
人们追求金钱和享乐,不择手段地追求自己的利益。
盖茨比为了追求黛西,不惜用各种手段来获取财富和地位。
他的追求虽然出于爱情,但却违背了道德和伦理。
社会的道德堕落使得美国梦变得虚幻和不可信,让人们对美国梦的追求感到失望和绝望。
总之,《了不起的盖茨比》通过描绘盖茨比的追求、社会阶层的固化以及道德堕落等方面,展现了美国梦的幻灭。
这部小说告诉我们,金钱和地位并不能带来真正的幸福和满足,社会的固化和道德的堕落使得美国梦变得遥不可及。
然而,尽管美国梦幻灭了,但人们仍然要坚持追求自己的梦想,努力改变自己的命运。
只有通过自己的努力和奋斗,才能实现真正的幸福和成功。
论文论《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭
论文论《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的破灭摘要:弗朗西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉尔德是美国“爵士时代”的代言人,他在其代表作《了不起的盖茨比》中以细腻的笔触表现了二十世纪二十年代美国的风貌,用主人公盖茨比的悲剧人生隐喻了“美国梦”的虚幻及其不可企及性,揭示了“美国梦”破灭的必然规律。
论文从作者和小说人物分析着手,通过对《了不起的盖茨比》的写作背景,作者自身的经历、故事的主要内容、小说主人公盖茨比之梦的破灭等多方面的分析和解剖,深刻地揭示了“美国梦”的发展与破灭。
本文第一部分简要介绍了菲茨杰拉尔德和他的小说《了不起的盖茨比》, 以及小说的社会和文化背景;第二部分介绍美国梦,包括它的定义,起源和内涵;第三部分分析美国梦及其破灭的原因;最后一部分我总结了一下这本小说,并提出了自己的观点。
关键词:了不起的盖茨比美国梦破灭爵士时代Analysis of the disillusion of American dream from" The Great Gatsby"Abstract: Francis ? Scott Fitzgerald, a spokesman of "the Jazz Age" in the United States.In his masterpiece,"The Great Gatsby”, he uses delicate brush strokes to show the style of American in the 1920s. Hero Gatsby's tragic life, as a metaphor for the illusory and entertainment of the "American Dream", reveals the inexorable law of the disillusion of "American dream".The paper begins with the analysis of the author and characters of the novel, which profoundly reveals the development and disillusion of “The American Dream” by analyzing and anatomizing writing background of "The Great Gatsby”, the author's own experience, the main content of the story, novel leading character Gatsby’s shattered dream andother aspects.The first part of this paper briefly introduces the Fitzgerald and his novel "The Great Gatsby", and the social and cultural background of the novel; the second part introduces the "American dream", including its definition, origin and connotation; the t hird part analyzes “the American dream” and its bursting reasons; At last, I summarize this novel and present my own point of view on the issue.Key words: the great Gatsby, the American dream, disillusion, Jazz ageCONTENTS摘要 (I)Abstract..... ............................................................................... ........................ ........ II Chapter One Introduction (I)1.1 Introduction of Scott Fitzgerald and his novel " The Great Gatsby" (1)1.1.1 Introduction of Scott Fitzgerald (1)1.2.2 Introduction of the novel " The Great Gatsby (1)1.2 Introduction of social and cultural background of the novel (2)Chapter T wo Introduction of American Dream (3)2.1 The definition of American dream (3)2.2 The origin of American dream (4)2.2.1 The traditional American dream (4)2.2.2 The American dream in 20th century (4)2.3 The connotation of American dream in different historical background (5)2.3.1 The American dream from 18th to 19th century (5)2.3.2 The American dream after Industrialization (6)2.3.3 The American dream in 21st century (6)2.4 The different interpretation to American dream (7)Chapter Three Analysis of the disillusion of American dream and its bursting reason...................................................................................(8)3.1 The disillusion of love (8)3.2 The disillusion of wealth................................................................................. .93.3 The disillusion of status (9)3.4 The bursting reason of American dream (10)3.4.1 From the point of view of the hero (10)3.4.2 From the point of view of the whole society and age (11)Chapter Four Conclusion (13)References (14)Acknowledgements (15)Chapter One Introduction1.1 Introduction of Scott Fitzgerald and his novel "The Great Gatsby"1.1.1 Introduction of Scott FitzgeraldFitzgerald was born in1896 into a St .Paul middle –class family .His father was gentlemanly but unsuccessful in business .Scott had an expensive education first in private schools ,and then at Princeton ,where he became part of the intellectual set ,the Triangle Club ,which included ,among others ,Edmund Wilson. He began to write for the shows of the club, became editor of a university magazine, and was developing a reputation .He felt that he was heading for the upper class life in which he would play a leading part as a writer.Then he had to leave Princeton ,probably partly because of his academic record that had suffered from his illness and from too heavy an extra-curriculum schedule and also because the First World War that was going on offered him a good excuse to stay away for a while . A year’s absence from the university wounded his pride and ambition so that it ironed itself into his consciousness as one of the major disappointments he suffered in his short, unhappy life .He returned to Princeton only to stay for another year in which he managed to finish the draft of his first novel, the Side of Paradise. Then in 1922, Fitzgerald finished his second novel, The Beautiful and the Damned. The Beautiful and the Damned is interesting especially as a sort of first attempt as writing is not as great .Meanwhile, the Fitzgerald were living, on the proceeds of Scott’s books and stories, the life of the people who go to Gatsby’s crazy parties. In 1925, he wrote his masterpiece, The Great Gatsby in Pairs. The Fitzgerald had gone there from Y ork and met Hemingway and Gertrude Stein, among others. (Referring to 美国文学史,第三版,南开大学出版社)1.1.2 Introduction of the novel "The Great Gatsby"" The Great Gatsby" is one of the most representative works of Fitzgerald. At the end of 20th Century, the United States academic authority selected the one hundred best novels in hundreds of years of history of English Literature," The Great Gatsby" enjoyed popular confidence, topping the second, and were proudly among the contemporary and classic ranks. The novel is use of impressionistic description, its style is of both warm and cool, and it has played an indispensable role in the history of literature of the world for the status of Fitzgerald.This novel is narrated by Nick, a young bachelor who returns to the Midwest before setting to the New Y ork City. Daisy, theheroine, is Nick’s second cousin and Nick knows of her husband, Tom. With the development of the novel, Nick knows that his next-door neighbor is the wealthy Gatsby,who always hosting lavish parties of hundreds of peoples, Jordan Baker takes interests in Nick, and he reveals that In 1917 Gatsby as Army Lieutenant stationed near Daisy’s hometown and then had fallen in love with Daisy. But Gatsby had no money to marry Daisy, so Daisy wasmarried to the wealthy T om, after that Gatsby is aiming to be a millionaire. With few years of smuggling, Gatsby accumulates a great amount of wealth. He would like Nick to arrange a meeting with Daisy, and Nick agrees to invite Gatsby and Daisy to his house, so they begin a love affair again. But actually, Daisy only treats this relationship as an exciting game. Daisy invites Gatsby and Nick to her mansion and Tom finds that Gatsby loves Daisy. Tom knows Daisy’s nature very well. And by taking away Daisy’s financial security, Tom thinks that Daisy is no w beyond his reach. Because of the situation between them, Daisy runs out of the hotel and Gatsby follows her into his car. Daisy insists on driving because it will calm her moods. But in the later Daisy knocks down and kills Myrtle, Tom’s mistress. Gatsby absolve Daisy from her guilty to protect her. After that Tom talks into Myrtle’s husband to shoot Gatsby dead. So the magic bubble of love and dreams broke up. Despite Nick’s efforts, only Gatsby’s father, a woman and Nick attend his funeral. Discussing with Tom and Daisy, Nick returns to his hometown, reflecting on Gatsby’s dreams and cyclical nature of the past.1.2 Introduction of social and cultural background of the novelIt's a special era in the history of the United States when theWorld War I (1918) ended; the Great Depression (1929) was not yet to come. During pre-war of the world warⅠ, the United States profiteered. In the post-war, it won a precious opportunity of developing economy. Due to the cruelty of the war, many people had doubtable attitude towards the traditional values, such as honor, democracy, freedom and lost faith, thus indulging in pleasure. In addition, traditional Puritan ethics disintegrated, and hedonism began to flourish. The economy of the U.S experienced a rapid development of the postwar and dramatic change that the crash of New Y ork stock market brought, so the economy of U.S has experienced recession for10 years. Affluent and easy life in the post-war made people dizzy in the bustle. While at this time, American intellectuals had fled, and spent his lonely youth in pain and confusion.What's more, it was a changeable and rebellious era when the younger generation finally chose to break with tradition. In Fitzgerald's words, "That is a miraculous era and an era full of mockery." Fitzgerald called this era the "Jazz Age".At that time, with the introduction of radio and the end of the war, jazz and dance emerged. Jazz became an entirely new cultural movement in places, such as the United States, England and France. Cities, such as New Y ork and Chicago, were cultural centers of jazz. In urban areas, African American jazz was played on the radio more often than in the suburbs. The youth of 1920s, influenced by jazz, rebelled against the traditional culture of previous generations.Chapter Two Introduction of American Dream2.1 The definition of American DreamThe term, "American dream" was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book "The Epic of American" which was written in1931. The American Dream is a dream that had land where every one could live a better and richer and fuller life. What’s more, everyone had opportunity to match ability with achievement.It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us have grown wearily and mistrusted it. It is not merely a dream of motor cars or high wages, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain the fullest stature and be recognized by others for who they are, regardless of the condition or position of birth."The so-called American Dream is a kind of belief that as long as people went through a hard struggle in the United States, they will be able to achieve a better ideal life. That is, people must work diligently, courageously, creatively, and have determination to success, rather than rely on a particular social class and the assistance of others. This usually showed the economic success of people or entrepreneur’s spirit. Many Euro pean immigrants which having the ideal of American dream moved towards the United States. Despite some criticized the American dream excessively emphasized on the role of material wealth played in the measure of victory and happiness. But many Americans really believed that such an opportunity to get success cannot be found in the world. As different from the most other countries, the United States had considerable economic freedom; the role of government is limited, making the U.S. has a great social mobility. Any person may go towards the top through their own efforts. From Independence of the United States to the end of the 19th century, large areas of land were uninhabited and unoccupied by people. Anyone could occupy, invest and reclaim to lands. By the time of the Industrial Revolution, the hugenatural resources of United States and advanced industrial technology made rapid social mobility possible, and this trend is still increasing day by day.According to the historians, they think that the reason why the economy of the United States rapidly develops and industry expand is not just because the United States has rich natural resources, but also because everyone has the opportunity to get wealth through their own struggle .2.2 The origin of American Dream2.2.1 The traditional American DreamThe term “American Dream” is first used by American writer and historian James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America written in 1931.He defined American Dream as "dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, everyone has an opportunity according to their ability or achievement"(James Truslow Adams, 1980) . Oneimportant feature of the definition is that everyone agrees with the equality of opportunity in succeeding, regardless of social class and circumstance of birth. The archetype of American Dream is Benjamin Franklin who is one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Without noble birth and top education, Franklin learned almost everything and succeeded in many aspects, including literature, science, philosophy and politics. Benjamin Franklin pioneered the spirit of self-help in America (Jim Powell, 1997). In the Declaration of Independence, there is a sentence which has been called one of the most famous sentences in the English language goes like this: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, including the right to life, liberty and the right of the pursuit ofHappiness. This sentence also represents a concept that everyone is born equal and has inalienable rights in pursuing freedom and happiness. Influenced by Dr Franklin, more and more Americans believe that in the country of equality, one can obtain both physical and spiritual wealth through one’s efforts. On the other hand, the American Dream may come from the ideals of the first group of immigrates. When settlers come to a land full of vitality and freedom, they have dreams to turn the land into their paradise. At that time, American Dream was equal to the ownership of farm, thus lead to the Westward Movement.2.2.2 The American Dream in 20th centuryIn 1920s, the American society enjoyed economic prosperity after the World War I. Such as automobiles, moving pictures and radio, these new inventions and discoveries were made significant changes to lifestyle and culture. Unprecedented industrial growth and accelerated consumer demand made the era known as “the Roaring Twenties”. The American Dream at that time has gradually changed into money-making. The Roaring Twenties is an age of explosion of social wealth and billionaire, but also is an age of spiritual poverty. Y oung generations suffered from the trauma of body and spirit; because of war they lose confidence to future. The urban society is full of depravity and corruption, consumerism and materialism become the major theme of the American Dream. People like Gatsby used all means to make money despite of moral and legal standards. From all that mentioned above, the definition of the "American Dream" has changed over the development of history. But it still acts as a core value in America and influences people from generation to generation.2.3 The connotation of American Dream in different historicalbackground300 years ago, when England emigrants to Maryland cross the Atlantic by the "May flower" and when they were looking for a piece of "pure land" in which the Puritans can lived, American Dream" has begun to quietly sprout. The United States gave everyone of the world an equal opportunity. Y ou can realize their dream as long as you work hard enough.300 years later, it has become powerful county. However," American Dream" did not die, but it has more" connotation" with the changes of history.W hat is the" American Dream"? “Many historians and sociologists have different perspectives, and different Americans have different interpretation.But generally speaking, the "American dream" includes several elements: the United States offered the chances of success for everyone. Success depends on their talents and efforts, rather than family and the background. Everyone has equal rights. Everyone has freedom of brief......These elements are inextricably linked with the history and must also be combined with the background." said Lang Mailer.2.3.1 The American Dream from 18th to 19th centuryAmerican dream in 18th-19th century is the original dream of land and gold. From 18th to 19th century, the nobility had not quit the stage of history. Social hierarchy was stern, and the distribution of wealth was inequitable, religious discrimination was serious in Europe. Montesquieu, Descartes and so many pioneers of the enlightenment movement began to praise American magical land, which sparked the "American dream" of the vulnerable groups. Immigrants which came to the United States in 18th century were vulnerable groups from Europe. Themost typical people are the Puritan of England and bankrupt small farmers of Germany. When they came to America which was still a colony, their requirements for political equality were particularly strong, and they also spontaneously carried out democracy. Thus, the "equal rights" has become a connotation of the "American dream".Mailer explained, "Everyone can succeed." Due to the vast land and small population in the early American, immigrants can get a large area of fertile land. At that time, the United States is based on agricultural economy, it is self-evident that the "land means wealth, and means success". As the western American found many gold mine in the end of the 18th century and early 19th century, and some lucky started became rich overnight because mining the gold, the legend of the "wave of gold rush" promoted the tide of immigration westward, but also casted a deep golden color for the "American dream".However, there is a bloody history behind of "American dream. The large tracts of land of European immigrants were "stateless place" and they got through killing millions of Indians; Most of cultivators of productive farmland were slaves which looting from Africa; the labors which mining gold in the westward were the drudgery of Chinese .It can be said that the early "American Dream" is European immigrants’ dream. Mailer pointed out that many of the contempor ary American history scholars are facing and reflecting this period of history, which is unjust side of the "American dream".2.3.2 The American Dream after IndustrializationDuring the Civil War, the United States began the industrialization. European immigrants mostly accessed to New Y ork, Chicago, Detroit and other emerging industrial city. Then,the "American Dream" has a new connotation. During that period, there were a lot of commercial and industrial giants. For example, Edison who depended on personal invention and created the General Electric Company, Rockefeller who mined oil, Morgan who was engaged in the bank, and Ford who invented the automobile production line. Their common characteristic is: first they are poor, but finally they founded their big career through hard work and became a legend. Perhaps, these "legend" were beautified more or less by later generations. Even the so-called "the invention of Edison” also was the results of many his assistants. Mailer thought that, at that time the United States has been in a period of rapid economic expansion. Before the first World War, the United States has became the most strongest country of economic power in the world and the domestic economy operation is in a stages of change " from disorderly to orderly" ,and the various industries appeared wealthy oligarchs.2.3.3 The American Dream in 21st centuryIn the information era of 21st century, Microsoft's Bill Gates, yahoo's jerry Y ang and Google's director, these three founders turned into new idols of the "American dream". By virtue of their own wisdom, they accumulated the huge assets of billions of dollars when they were young. Their living story seems to indicate that as long as there is wisdom and genius, you can succeed in the United States.What is the real driving force behind the "American dream"? Some historians believe that it is the desire and chase for wealth. "The pursuit of money is the same ingredients in the 'American Dream'". However, it is exactly that over pursuit of wealth that makes the "American Dream" turn sour and gradually lost its appeal to people around the world. If the early Americans alsoadvocate “honesty and diligence" to get rich, today they are increasingly keen to pursuit of "getting rich quick". For example, now Americans mostly respected the way to which gets rich is: to fight lawsuit for compensation with the big enterprises, to go gambling or to buy lottery tickets in the Las V egas, and to take part in a television game.Early Europeans immigrated to the United States believed in the equality of political rights and religious equality. Today, the American politics has evolved into a money game. V osel did not deny that success of the success of Bush family in the American politics is "the success of oil and money ". In the field of religion, the freedom advocated by the United States was limited in all denominations of Christian, and the Islam which rarely has little money to support and was only in the position of extremely weakness in the United States.In changing times, the appeal of the "American dream" to the world may be less andless.The hegemony and monopoly of American in the world politics causes many foreigners to be full of offensive as soon as they mention the word "American". An anti-terrorism bill block the way of a lot of immigrants into the United States; the speculation of economy make the common person forever fear their wealth suddenly disappears.2.4 The different interpretation to American dreamAmerican dream is not only a kind of version; some writers give the readers a new enlightenment from different perspectives. “the Grapes of Wrath" written by John Steinbeck described that the hero had to be forced to leave his hometown under the background of the" Great Depression" and drought. However, the exploitation to labor still makes their lives more distressed."Native Son" of Richard White and the" invisible man" of Ralph Ellison reflect the poverty and racism that discourage the people from the opportunity of the pursuit of development. "The Street "of Ann peltry recognizes the hardships of black mothers’raising children. From the point of view of the great social and age background, it is just a microscopic and idealized perspective that people will be able to realize the dream only through personal struggle. "Seize the Day" of Saul Bellow tells the story that the hero did not achieve the American dream, but realized his own growth. Compared with the traditional sense of American dream, a meaningful life is a better dream. The writer of “The house on Mango Street" , Sandra Cisneros ,expressed the desire for freedom, no ethnic discrimination, no sexual discrimination and a thinking of women’s pursuit of dreams through the point of view of a little girl. For women, the connotation of "a house truly belonging to their own" is richer.Chapter Three Analysis of the disillusion of American dream and itsbursting reasonAs the great depression in the 1930's put the prosperity and vanity of" Jazz Age" to an end, the failure of Gatsby finally showed that the so-called American dream is a false image. Though Gatsby lived in a seemingly extravagant life, he never successfully achieved their ultimate goal, that is to say, he lost all aspects: love, wealth and status.3.1 The disillusion of loveThe "American dream" of Gatsby was presented in his "love dream”. He believe d that money could buy Daisy's love. The reason why he was attracted by Daisy is that money decorated her as a noble princess, keeping her away from humble,unsecured life connected with poor. And thiskind of life was Gatsby familiar with in teens. As a farmers' child, the vanity of Gatsby satisfied greatly owing to staying with Daisy's, which shows his potential. He could become a rich man and a member of the high society with his own efforts. Loving a rich lady gave him great courage and driving force moving forward. However, Daisy did not Love him as deeply as he had imagined, she was just enveloped an ideal circle by his desire and his selfless love.Five years later, sometimes even if he was sure that Daisy whom he missed the day and night was not as beautiful as he imaged. But his dream beyond all, in this kind support of fantasy, Gatsby wanted to regain Daisy's heart. In fact, the determinations and motivations he wanted to regain Daisy were not from the unforgotten of Daisy, but from the call from heart to make dreams come true and his strong desire for bright future. Here, Daisy is the "love dream" of Gatsby. He put his ideal of life on Daisy, while Gatsby just chose a wrong object. Daisy is just a girl who heavily values money and status rather than love, so she only can represent illusory and worthless things. She can't be the embodiment of love and happiness, and could not bring meaning and sati sfaction to Gatsby’s life. Dais y met Gatsby again, and renewed old friendships with him, but she jointly planed Gatsby’s death with her husband. Her final selfishness, the ultimate betrayal, all these were inevitable. Daisy chose the latter between Gatsby and Tom, because the latter can provide her more stable, secure and comfortable life for her. "They are rich and cruel people. It is their maxim to destroy the others but to protect themselves.Although their world was not harmonious, the two peoplehad “little nonsense", they were partners of the same faction. If a third people threatened their Common security, it was natural for them to league to unanimously resist outside after a moment's discussion, Faced with cruel reality, Gatsby's dream was destroyed, and his efforts ended with failure. He finally realized that the past time could not come back; the unrealized dream was difficult to review. Therefore, his dreams, his soul and his body died together.In Gatsby's mind, Daisy was beautiful and pure, who symbolized all the virtues of American high society. Gatsby regarded Daisy as the incarnation of his pursuit of beauty, and then the tragedy of his life' started. In fact, his efforts to pursue the so-called beauty were alienated by money. It is not significant but tragic that he spared no efforts to realize dream. In the end, love in expense of life disil lusioned, while” America dream" of Gatsby was shattered.3.2 The disillusion of wealthThe “American Dream"of Gatsby also shows in his "wealth dream". Te former name of Gatsby known as “Jay G ats", his parents were crops person of mediocrity, he was eager to get rid of poverty ,and ranked among the upper class of society. At the age of 17years old, Gats met a man who named Dan Cody, and got fortune by the illegal behaviors. Little Gats admired him very much, and then he changed his name into Gatsby and followed Cody. Gatsby took the ideal focused on the acquiring of wealth. Because when Dan Cody was sober, he knew if he was drunk, he would do many stupid things, like profligacy. So he grew to trust Gatsby in order to prevent this kind of accidents from happening. After Dan Cody died, Gatsby used his heritage which was gained from Dan Cody to illegal sale private wine, andamassed a large of fortune.But for Gatsby no matter how rich, he still tried to blend in the upper circles which he has long wanted, just because of his humble birth. Finally, he has become their excellent material of suspicion and rumors for the upper class of the so-called celebrities. As constantly suspicion of people, his illegal businesses were eventually exposed by Tom. He worked hard to create material wealth, and it did not help him achieve pursuit, his dream of wealth was shattered. After Gatsby was died, the former guests did not show up in his funeral which Nick held for him, bleak and desolate in the funeral and hustle and bustle of the former party were clearly constituted a sharp contrast, it showed that he did not get the recognition of the upper class.3.3 The disillusion of statusAlthough during that time freedom and equality have been advocated, the social hierarchy was still exists. Jay Gatsby made all efforts to squeeze into the upper class, and he became to be admired and respected by other people. He wants everything that a man of noble birth has: a large amount of money, a splendid mansion and a satisfactory marriage. After he obtains these things, he gains money at all costs, he hosts party frequently in his mansion to show his riches, and he pursues Daisy as a qualified wife for a decent man. The description in Chapter three gives us a vivid picture about the extravagance of Gatsby’s life: There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whispering and champagne and the stars … (F. Scott Fitzgerald, 1993 .26) Besides showing off his wealth, he even changed his name to cover up his humble birth. When Nick asked about his life, he。
《了不起的盖茨比》:美国梦的幻灭
《了不起的盖茨比》:美国梦的幻灭《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德于1925年出版的一部小说,被誉为美国文学的经典之作。
小说以20世纪20年代的美国为背景,通过描绘主人公盖茨比追逐美国梦的故事,深刻地反映了当时社会的虚荣、堕落和幻灭。
本文将从不同角度探讨《了不起的盖茨比》中所展现的美国梦的幻灭。
美国梦的定义与追求美国梦是指每个人都有机会通过自己的努力实现成功和幸福的理念。
它是美国社会价值观念中重要的一部分,也是吸引无数移民来到美国的原因之一。
在《了不起的盖茨比》中,主人公盖茨比也是一个追逐美国梦的人物。
他通过勤奋工作和投机取巧,从贫穷出身逐渐积累财富,并且为了追求自己心中所爱的女人而不断努力。
社会阶层的固化与无法逾越的鸿沟然而,在《了不起的盖茨比》中,美国梦并非如此美好。
小说中描绘了20世纪20年代美国社会阶层固化的现象,贫富差距日益加大,社会上的鸿沟无法逾越。
尽管盖茨比通过自己的努力积累了财富,但他始终无法获得上层社会的认可和接纳。
他虽然在物质上取得了成功,但在精神层面却感到孤独和失落。
虚荣与堕落的诱惑在追逐美国梦的过程中,许多人被虚荣和堕落所诱惑。
小说中的角色们都追求着名利和享乐,他们沉溺于派对、酒精和放纵的生活方式。
这种虚荣和堕落最终导致了他们内心的空虚和幻灭。
盖茨比也不例外,他为了吸引黛西的注意而举办了一系列豪华派对,但最终却发现自己无法得到真正的爱情和幸福。
爱情的幻灭与无法实现的梦想除了社会阶层固化和虚荣堕落,小说中还揭示了爱情的幻灭和无法实现的梦想。
盖茨比对黛西抱有深深的爱恋,但黛西却选择了与社会地位更高的汤姆结婚。
这使得盖茨比对于自己的梦想感到绝望,最终导致了他的悲剧结局。
小说通过这一情节表达了美国梦的幻灭和现实的残酷。
结论《了不起的盖茨比》通过描绘主人公追逐美国梦的故事,深刻地反映了20世纪20年代美国社会的虚荣、堕落和幻灭。
小说中展现了美国梦在当时社会中的困境和无法实现的现实,以及追求美国梦所带来的空虚和失落。
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭《了不起的盖茨比》是一部由美国作家斯科特·菲茨杰拉德所著的小说,被誉为20世纪美国文学的代表作之一。
小说以20世纪20年代的纽约为背景,讲述了主人公盖茨比对达茜·布坎南的深情爱情以及他对美国梦的追求。
在这部小说中,菲茨杰拉德通过盖茨比的爱情悲剧展现了美国梦的破灭,揭示了20世纪美国社会的虚幻和荒谬。
本文将从盖茨比对达茜的爱情和对美国梦的追求的角度,分析小说中揭示的美国梦的破灭。
我们来看盖茨比对达茜的深情爱情。
在小说中,盖茨比对达茜的感情可以说是非常深厚。
无论是在他们初次相遇时,盖茨比因为爱慕之情而不能自己,或是在经过多年的分离后,盖茨比依然对达茜心有所属。
盖茨比对达茜的爱情是纯粹的、完全的,他认为达茜是他整个生命的意义所在。
达茜却并不像盖茨比一样真心爱他,在她眼里,盖茨比只是她过去生活中的一个经历,而在她私人生活中,她已经有了丈夫汤姆·布坎南。
盖茨比为了追求达茜,不惜一切代价,甚至牺牲自己的一切。
他通过非法手段致富,只是为了有资本能追求达茜,重新得到她的芳心。
盖茨比对达茜的爱情是执迷不悟的,他对她的感情如同一盏不灭的长明灯,照亮他孤寂的心。
但是他对达茜的爱情却是毫无意义的,正如小说中所揭示的那样,达茜并没有真心爱过他,她只是把盖茨比当作她过去人生中的一个美好的回忆。
盖茨比对达茜的爱情悲剧揭示了美国梦的破灭。
美国梦的本质是每个人都有平等的机会去追求自己的幸福和成功,而盖茨比的爱情观正是在这样一种理念的基础上产生的。
盖茨比相信,只要他有足够的财富和地位,就能够得到他心爱的达茜。
现实却证明了他的追求是枉然的。
达茜并不是因为盖茨比的财富和地位而对他动心,而是因为她对盖茨比曾经的热情和浪漫回忆。
小说中还展现了美国梦的破灭的另一个面向,那就是盖茨比通过非法手段致富是为了更好地追求自己的幸福。
在美国梦的理念中,每个人都应该通过勤劳和努力来获得成功和幸福。
《了不起的盖茨比》:美国梦的破灭与追寻
《了不起的盖茨比》:美国梦的破灭与追寻导言《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F. Scott Fitzgerald创作的一部经典小说,出版于1925年。
这部小说以20世纪20年代的美国为背景,通过展现主人公盖茨比对于实现自己塑造的“美国梦”的努力和最终破灭,揭示了美国社会阶层固化、财富与道德伦理之间冲突的主题。
本文将探讨《了不起的盖茨比》中所表达的美国梦的含义、主要角色及他们对于实现梦想所采取的策略以及这些策略最终带来的结果。
美国梦的含义在《了不起的盖茨比》中,美国梦被视为各个角色渴望追求和实现的东西。
它象征着每个人都有机会通过努力工作和奋斗来获得成功、财富和幸福。
然而,小说也暗示了这种追求可能只是一场幻灭,因为贫穷、社会阶级和道德束缚可能成为实现美国梦的障碍。
主要角色及策略1. 杰伊·盖茨比(Jay Gatsby)盖茨比是本书的主人公,他出生于贫寒,通过非法手段获取财富,并建立起一个豪华而奢侈的生活。
他的策略是改变自己的身份和背景,试图追求自己心中幻想中的“美国梦”。
然而,最终他发现虚荣、空洞以及对过去爱情的执念并不能带来真正的幸福。
2. 汤姆·布坎南(Tom Buchanan)汤姆是小说中另一个富有且有社会地位的角色,他更加直接地代表了那些靠家庭背景和财富得到社会地位的人。
汤姆并没有破坏自己或者采取极端措施来追求美国梦,相反,他满足于享受权力和财富所带来的优越感,并对别人的努力和梦想保持着一种傲视和轻蔑。
3. 黛西·布坎南(Daisy Buchanan)黛西是盖茨比心中的梦想与追求的象征。
她代表了对盖茨比来说最重要的东西,即爱情和与她共同实现美国梦的机会。
然而,黛西最终选择了安逸和稳定,并没有为了自己真正心灵深处的梦想而采取行动。
美国梦的破灭与追寻在《了不起的盖茨比》中,作者通过描绘主要角色们追求美国梦所采取的策略以及这些策略所带来的结果,探讨了美国社会阶层固化、财富和道德之间冲突导致美国梦破灭或难以实现的主题。
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家菲茨杰拉德的代表作之一,也是20世纪美国文学的经典之一。
小说以20世纪20年代的美国为背景,描绘了主人公盖茨比追求“美国梦”的故事。
随着故事的发展,我们看到了这一追梦之路的曲折和残酷,最终演变成了一场爱情的悲剧。
在小说中,盖茨比和黛西的爱情故事不仅仅是两个人之间的情感纠葛,更是对美国梦的深刻探讨,也反映了当时美国社会中“美国梦”的破灭。
盖茨比和黛西之间的爱情悲剧是美国梦的破灭的缩影。
盖茨比是一个从平民出身的军官,通过自己的努力和机遇获得了财富和社会地位,他成为了一个真正的“美国梦”的典型代表。
在他追逐自己的梦想的过程中,他却陷入了对黛西的痴迷之中。
黛西是一个富有的少女,她的家庭地位和财富符合了传统的“美国梦”的标准。
盖茨比深爱着黛西,而黛西也对他有好感,但她最终还是选择了和一个更有钱、更有地位的汤姆结婚。
这种爱情悲剧的结局,反映了当时美国社会中财富和地位对于“美国梦”的重要性,也揭示了“美国梦”的破灭在爱情中的残酷。
盖茨比和黛西的爱情故事也揭示了20世纪20年代美国社会中道德和精神的虚无感。
在小说中,盖茨比为了得到黛西,不惜一切代价,甚至放弃了自己的原则和信仰。
他经营着荒谬的派对、虚假的形象,试图用自己的财富和社会地位来吸引黛西的注意。
而黛西也是一个空洞的人,她在得知盖茨比变得富有之后,才决定放弃自己的感情来追求物质上的享受。
这种以物质和地位来定义幸福和爱情的空洞态度,反映了20世纪20年代美国社会中对于道德和精神的虚无感,也让“美国梦”的概念变得扭曲和虚假。
盖茨比和黛西的爱情悲剧也暗示了美国社会中阶层和种族的隔阂和冲突。
在小说中,盖茨比是一个靠自己的努力和机遇获得成功的典型移民,他代表了美国梦中的“公平竞争”和“社会流动”。
在追求黛西的过程中,盖茨比遭遇了上层社会的排斥和歧视,即使他拥有足够的财富和地位,也难以得到他想要的爱情和幸福。
了不起的盖茨比美国梦的破灭与无尽追求
了不起的盖茨比美国梦的破灭与无尽追求了不起的盖茨比:美国梦的破灭与无尽追求美国文学中最为著名和经典的小说之一,《了不起的盖茨比》讲述了20世纪20年代的美国社会机会与特权的巨大差距以及个人追求的主题。
小说以富有传奇色彩的盖茨比为中心,揭示了美国梦的破灭与人们对无尽追求的执着。
本文将探讨《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的内涵、主人公的追求与破灭以及小说对现实社会的启示。
美国梦被认为是美国社会的核心价值观,代表了每个人都有机会通过辛勤工作和自我奋斗实现成功和幸福的信念。
然而,《了不起的盖茨比》却展示了这一美国梦的破灭与虚假。
小说中,盖茨比是一个青年新贵,他通过追逐财富和虚荣心来追求属于自己的美国梦。
他无所不用其极地想重新获得他过去与黛西的感情,然而最终他面对的是破碎的阳光大道和失去的希望。
小说通过盖茨比的经历,揭示了美国梦对个人来说是脆弱且具有欺骗性的,它不仅仅是一个美好的梦想,更是一个不断破灭和追求的过程。
小说中的主人公盖茨比是一个具有神秘感和矛盾性的角色。
他通过积累财富和社交活动来证明自己的成功,并通过这种方式来吸引黛西重新回到他的生活中。
盖茨比的追求体现了对黛西和过去的留恋,他试图通过财富和社会地位来弥补他内心深处的空虚。
然而,黛西对盖茨比的感情并非真诚,她更加看重财富和地位。
当盖茨比认识到这一点时,他的梦想和追求最终破灭了。
小说中盖茨比的命运提示着我们,无论多么努力追求,我们不能仅仅依靠外部因素来衡量我们的幸福,真正的快乐和成功源于内心的满足和真挚的感情。
《了不起的盖茨比》不仅仅是一个对个人命运的描写,更是对当时美国社会阶级与财富分配不公的批判。
小说中的人物形形色色,他们的行为和价值观反映了当时社会的虚假和腐败。
浮华的派对、奢侈的消费以及为了满足自身欲望而牺牲他人利益的行为,都成为小说对社会现象的一种揭示。
小说通过盖茨比的身份和追求,暗示了人们对权力和财富的无尽追求会带来更多的道德沦丧与社会的不公平。
论《了不起的盖茨比》美国梦的破灭【文献综述】
毕业论文文献综述题目:论《了不起的盖茨比》美国梦的破灭专业班级:汉语言一、前言部分(说明写作的目的,介绍有关概念,扼要说明有关主题争论焦点)作者简介:菲茨杰拉德:司科特·菲茨杰拉德(F·Scott Fitzgerald,1896—1940)在美国文坛占据着重要的位置:他是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家,是“爵士时代”的桂冠诗人。
菲茨杰拉德的一生及其作品都充分说明,他是美国“爵士时代”的代言人,是美国20世纪2O年代最具代表性的作家,他有成功与辉煌的一面,又有苦涩和失意的一面,曾被称为“失败的权威”。
他的生命交织着雄心和现实、成功和失败、得意和潦倒、纵情和颓丧、爱情和痛苦、美国文明和欧洲文明的矛盾、东部和西部的冲突、梦想和幻灭……这一切都在他的小说里表现得淋漓尽致,而其中最有代表性的便是《了不起的盖茨比》,美国诗人与文学批评家艾略特称这部作品是“自詹姆斯以来美国小说迈出的第一步”。
《了不起的盖茨比》以精妙的构思、细腻的笔触、完美的形式描写了出身贫寒的盖茨比痴心不改地追求因“贫富差距”而未能“终成眷属”的情人,却以失败身亡而告终的悲惨爱情故事,揭示了“美国梦”必定破灭的规律,生动地再现了“爵士时代”残酷、冷漠、自私、无情的社会现实。
美国梦的简介以及和作品的联系:美国梦始于对美洲大陆的开发,它是对梦想的追求,对未来抱有乐观主义的态度。
但是随着时间的推移,美国梦失去了它的原始意义,一些新的想法出现,它成为人们追求物欲的一个借口。
为了达到个人的目的不惜使用一切卑劣和肮脏的手段,整个社会充满了浮躁和绝望,《了不起的盖茨比》就是在这样的社会情况下产生的。
二十世纪二十年代的美国经历了表面的经济繁荣,其背后其实隐藏着巨大的经济危机,经济的表面繁荣和商业的发展使人们的美国梦遭到扭曲,他们认为金钱可以买到一切,只要你拥有了财富,那么你就一定可以得到一切你想要的东西。
从一战到三十年代的经济危机,美国的青年盲目狂热地追求着美国梦,最后他们的梦都破灭了,盖茨比也不是个例外。
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毕业论文文献综述
题目:论《了不起的盖茨比》美国梦的破灭
专业班级:汉语言
一、前言部分(说明写作的目的,介绍有关概念,扼要说明有关主题争论焦点)作者简介:菲茨杰拉德:
司科特·菲茨杰拉德(F·Scott Fitzgerald,1896—1940)在美国文坛占据着重要的位置:他是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家,是“爵士时代”的桂冠诗人。
菲茨杰拉德的一生及其作品都充分说明,他是美国“爵士时代”的代言人,是美国20世纪2O年代最具代表性的作家,他有成功与辉煌的一面,又有苦涩和失意的一面,曾被称为“失败的权威”。
他的生命交织着雄心和现实、成功和失败、得意和潦倒、纵情和颓丧、爱情和痛苦、美国文明和欧洲文明的矛盾、东部和西部的冲突、梦想和幻灭……这一切都在他的小说里表现得淋漓尽致,而其中最有代表性的便是《了不起的盖茨比》,美国诗人与文学批评家艾略特称这部作品是“自詹姆斯以来美国小说迈出的第一步”。
《了不起的盖茨比》以精妙的构思、细腻的笔触、完美的形式描写了出身贫寒的盖茨比痴心不改地追求因“贫富差距”而未能“终成眷属”的情人,却以失败身亡而告终的悲惨爱情故事,揭示了“美国梦”必定破灭的规律,生动地再现了“爵士时代”残酷、冷漠、自私、无情的社会现实。
美国梦的简介以及和作品的联系:
美国梦始于对美洲大陆的开发,它是对梦想的追求,对未来抱有乐观主义的态度。
但是随着时间的推移,美国梦失去了它的原始意义,一些新的想法出现,它成为人们追求物欲的一个借口。
为了达到个人的目的不惜使用一切卑劣和肮脏的手段,整个社会充满了浮躁和绝望,《了不起的盖茨比》就是在这样的社会情况下产生的。
二十世纪二十年代的美国经历了表面的经济繁荣,其背后其实隐藏着巨大的经济危机,经济的表面繁荣和商业的发展使人们的美国梦遭到扭曲,他们认为金
钱可以买到一切,只要你拥有了财富,那么你就一定可以得到一切你想要的东西。
从一战到三十年代的经济危机,美国的青年盲目狂热地追求着美国梦,最后他们的梦都破灭了,盖茨比也不是个例外。
菲茨杰拉德在《了不起的盖茨比》里生动的刻画出了一个普通人“美国梦”的形成到破灭的故事,而菲茨杰拉德自己的一生也是一个破灭的“美国梦”。
时至今日,一代又一代的人们仍然追寻着属于他们自己的“美国梦”。
二、主题部分(阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向,以及对这些问题的评述)
美国,是一个充满了梦想的国度。
“美国梦”从哥伦布发现了美洲大陆,荷兰水手踏上新大陆时就开始了。
然而,传统的“美国梦”的模式从来都带有很大的虚假性,尤其到了本世纪20年代前期,当美国资本主义发展到垄断阶段,资本主义工业迅猛发展,两极分化日益加剧,大亨们获得巨额利润,而战后社会的各种问题重新暴露出来的情况下,一个人靠品性、勤劳和节俭出人头地,发财致富显然只是妄想。
实际上,往往是那些狡猾、贪婪、无情、不择手段的人攫取了财富。
年轻一代发现在这个时代里“一切神祇统统死光,一切仗都已打完,对人的信念完全动摇”。
⑴因此许多生活在二十年代的美国青年既体验到“爵士时代”的繁荣又感到失望、迷惘。
“物质上的丰富和精神上的空虚使得年轻一代反对一切的传统观念,纵酒享乐,挥金如土”,⑵体验到美国梦的虚无缥缈,“美国梦”的幻灭。
在小说《了不起的盖茨比》中,作者菲茨杰拉德以主人公盖茨比为代表,深刻揭露了在当时那个年代中“美国梦”的形成与幻灭过程。
盖茨比第一次见到黛西之后就深深地爱上了她,然而盖茨比对黛西的这份纯真面对的是浑浊的世界。
在那里,金钱成为至高的价值尺度,一切都染上了铜臭味,爱,也不例外。
黛西就是金钱的象征,盖茨比想要得到她,实现自己的爱之梦,就必须把自己投入到平庸的金钱现实中,用现实的价值标准来满足对方的要求,得到黛西的唯一方法就是拥有财富,付出金钱。
这种爱与所爱的对象,追求爱的理想与追求爱的手段之间的分离、对峙,决定了盖茨比追求爱的过程就是一个不择手段的追求金钱的过程,人类最圣洁的爱,无能为力地屈从于金钱,从而使之商品化、庸俗化、
邪恶化。
盖茨比的内心是圣洁的,但是他的行为对自己的爱进行了最残酷的自我摧毁。
盖茨比短暂的一生,经历了“美国梦”演变的不同阶段,他始终追求着他的“美国梦”。
然而,他的美梦最终还是破了。
《了不起的盖茨比》是对美国历史的嘲弄,正如批评家大卫.费.特拉斯克所言,“盖茨比的故事是不可实现的真实写照”。
⑶从表面上看,小说《了不起的盖茨比》只是作者选取的20世纪20年代,即所谓的“爵士时代”的一个画面或插曲,作者只是那个时代美国社会的种种腐败现象作了酣畅淋漓的描绘,但透过现象,可以直接感受到作者对于20年代表面繁荣的忧心,对于1929年证券市场的暴跌及稍后出现的大萧条的那种隐而不露的超验先觉。
同时也象征美国传统信念的沦丧,最后不可避免导致“美国梦”的破灭。
三、总结部分(将全文主题进行扼要总结,提出自己的见解并对进一步的发展方向做出预测)
通过对“爵士时代”的“美国梦”分析,我们可以知道,将全部的理想和希望寄予对财富狂热追求和不择手段攫取,将生活的全部目标放在个人极端享乐主义而置社会道德于不顾,这样的梦想注定要失败,有其走向失败与破灭的必然性。
而菲茨杰拉德通过《了不起的盖茨比》这篇小说向人们昭示:“美国梦”给人们带来的只是对财富的狂热追求和不择手段的攫取,如果金钱成为人们生活中的价值取向的话,美国将会变成一个唯利是图、道德沦丧的社会。
《了不起的盖茨比》告诉人们,仅有物质财富是远远不够的,精神上的充实才更持久、更高尚。
该作品揭露了“美国梦”迷惑性和空虚性,在欣赏这部小说时,应该对当时的美国社会有着清醒的认识:在金钱至上,追求虚荣和道德沦丧的社会大背景下,那种对美国社会抱有的美妙幻想注定会破灭,菲茨杰拉德已经离开了我们,但他所描述的美国梦,留给后人的除了这部文学史上不朽的诗篇外,更多的是对人生的思考和启迪。
四、注释(根据文中参阅和引用的先后次序按序编排)
⑴Henry James: “Letter to F.S.Fitzgerald,December 31.1925”in Edmund
Wilson Ed,The Crack-Up,New York:New Directions,1945:310.
⑵李习俭:美国梦的破灭[J].外国文学研究。
1985(4):123.
⑶David F.Trask:“The end of the American Dream”in the Henery Dan Piper(ed)Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatesby,Scribner Research Anthologies,1960:213.
五、参考文献
⑴毛信德.美国小说发展史[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2004
⑵赵宏伟.“美国梦”的幻灭及其语言学阐释[J].成都理工大学学报(社会科学版)2005
⑶毛燕安:《残破的美国梦——〈了不起的盖茨比〉的文化解读》,《涪陵师范学院学报》2004年第1期
⑷熊文:《菲次杰拉德和他的“美国梦想”》,《山东社会科学》2005年第5期
⑸肖明文:《盖茨比与他的美国梦——菲茨杰拉德〈了不起的盖茨比〉解读》,《新余高专学报》2006年第3期
⑹Henry James: “Letter to F.S.Fitzgerald,December 31.1925”in Edmund Wilson Ed,The Crack-Up,New York:New Directions,1945
⑺李习俭:美国梦的破灭[J].外国文学研究。
1985(4)
⑻David F.Trask:“The end of the American Dream”in the Henery Dan Piper(ed)Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatesby,Scribner Research Anthologies,1960
⑼巫宁坤等译. 菲茨杰拉德小说选[M ]. 上海译文出版社出版, 1983。