同位语从句
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一含义
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth, hope,problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence,report, explanation, suggestion,conclusion 等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
例: The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。; 析: they had won the game 说明The news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
1.名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.
王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。
(在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang')
2.短语作同位语
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.
我,作为家里最大的女孩,总是要照料家中的其他孩子。
3.直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”
4.句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定
二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who, whom, whose。连接副词how, when, where, why等。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。)
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1.that引导
that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2.whether引导(注:if不能引导同位语从句)
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
if和whether的区别:
1 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如:
例I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2 在whether ……or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例His father is worried about whether he loses his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4主语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如:例Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
5用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义。
在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如: There is no (little) doubt that we will win the final match.
I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time.