英语关系分句
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• I want to buy the house, which has a garden. （非限定性）
关系分句（Relative Clause)是由关系词 （Relative Word)引导的分句结构。关系 分句又叫定语从句。 关系分句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限定 性关系分句和非限定性关系分句。
• 4.the+名词+of+关系代词
• 在这种结构中，关系代词只能用which，它表示的是一种 所有关系.我们也可以用“whose+名词”和“of which the+名词”来代替.如：
• ①I have read the novel,the tittle of which (whose tittle /of which the tittle) is Red and Black.我读过名叫《红与黑》的小说. • ②I live in the house ,the window of which(whose window/of which the window)faces south.我住的房子窗户朝南.
4）Who,Whom
• who,whom用于指人，前者作主语，后者作 宾语。 • The man who greeted you was my neighbor. • Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working.
5)Whose
2)Where
• where 引导关系分句，相当于介词 in,at+which。
• Have you ever been in a situation__you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him？(2002,44) • A.by which B.that C.in where D.where
• All__remain for me to do is to say goodbye. • A.that B.\ C.what D.which
• 答案：A • 解析：all,any,anything,everything,a few,the only one,the one等作关系分句的先 行词时，或当关系分句的先行词被最高级 或序数词修饰时，一般用that而不用which 引导关系分句。
• ②Beijing is the place where （＝in which ）I was born.
• ③Is this the reason why （＝for which）he refused our offer？
• 2.复杂介词+关系代词 • 在这种结构中，可使用的关系代词有which，whom 和whose， 常用的复杂介词有at the back of ，as a result of ，because of ,by means of ,in front of ,in support of ,on account of等。
• whose+名词，可引导关系分句，在句中作 主语或宾语，whose既可指人，也可指物。 • People whose dogs bit other people should keep them tied up. • The house whose wondows are broken is unoccupied.
• The party,__I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. • A.by which B.for which C.to which D.at which • 答案：C • 解析：to which=I was the guest of honour to the party.
由“介词+关系代词”引导的限定分句
• 能做这种用法的关系代词 主要是which,其次是whom, 有时是关系限定词whose。 • 例句1：They tried to think of
a plan by which they could fulfil their task ahead of time.
• • • • • • •
• 例句2：I will now introduce
the candidate in support of whom i wish to speak.
• •
•
由“介词+关系代词”引导的非限定性分句
• 由“介词+which”引导的不定式分句，也 是一种关系分句 • 例句1 I had nothing on which to focus. • 例句2 At last there was something about which to write home.
几种形式
• 1.简单介词+关系代词
• 在这种结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which.关系副词 when，where，why的含义相当“介词+which”，因此常相互交替使 用.When＝on/in/by+which，where＝at/in/from+பைடு நூலகம்hich，why＝for which. • ①There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.
.关系代词前介词的选择 1.由定语从句中谓语动词或形容词的习 惯搭配决定 This is the hero with whose story we are very familiar. 2.由先行词的习惯搭配决定。 I don’t remember the day on which he left. 3.由句意来决定。表示所属关系的 On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence， the meaning of which I don’t understand. 4.。。。表示整体与部分关系的 I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.. 5.。。。表示同位关系的 Her sons， both of whom work abroad， rang her up this morning.
关系代词的选择
• 关系代词的选择取决于关系分句是限定性 的还是非限定性的，以及先行词是之人还 是指物，关系代词在分句中是作主语还是 宾语或补语。下面列举各关系代词的具体 用法： • which；where；that；who,whom；whose； as; but.
1)Which
• 1.which用来指物，不可指人。可以引导限定性和非限定 性关系分句。 • We've just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment,__should make great differences in our life next summer.(2002,45) • A,which B.what C.that D.they • 答案：A • 2.which的先行词有时可以是一个句子，而不是一个词。 • The physicist has made a discovery,__or great importance to the progress of science and technology.(1997,45) • A.I think which is B.that I think is • C.which I think is D.which I think it is • 答案：c
①They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a boy. ②There were some mistakes in my homework,because of which I couldn’t go home.
.
• 3.表示部分的词+of+关系代词
• 在这种结构中，指人的关系代词用whom，指物的用which. 表部分的词有one，second，some，many，several，a quarter，half等
①We have got 16 medals,most of which were won by women. ②Some students in our class are studying abroad,three of whom are girls.
• ②This is the editor for whose magazine LiMing writes.
• ③He is a millionare with whose money many houses have been built for the poor.
双重关系分句
• 双重关系分句是指同一个先行项之后跟有两个关系分
• 答案：D • 解析:where相当于in which,引导一个关系分 句修饰situation。
3）That
• that可用于指人或指物，但只用于限定性关系分 句中。 • Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff__is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.(2000,50) • A.whose B.as C.what D.that • 答案：D • 解析：that is needed for quality 为关系分句，修 饰staff。as用作关系代词时先行词需有such或the same修饰。
6)As
• 1.as在限定性关系分句中，既可指人，又可指物， 可与the same,such,so,as连用。 • You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago. • 2.as在非限定性关系分句中既可充当主语也可充 当宾语。 • Julia was sad,as could be judged from her tearful eyes. (作主语，代表前面的句子） • The world,as we know,is made up of small particles called atoms. (作宾语，代表整个句子）
1008班：姜晨 王慧红
主要区别：
• 限定性关系分句是名词或名词短语不可缺少的一 个组成部分，去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确； 而非限定性关系分句只对先行词的意义起补充说 明作用，省略后，原句意义仍完整。 • I want to buy the house which has a garden.(限 定性）
句的语法现象。
• 当一个先行项后面出现一个以上【主要是两个】
关系分句的现象。有两种情况：
• 1两个关系分句由并列连词连接，处于同一层次。 • You will easily find us;just look for a house whose windows need washing and whose fence needs repairing! • 2两个关系分句处于不同的层次。 • She is the only girl i know who can play the guitar.
7）But
• 作为关系代词引导关系分句时，其意义相 当于that...not,它的主句往往带有not或no。 • He has many pen-friends.No week passes__he receives several letters. • A.that B.which C.than D.but • 答案：D • 解析：but表否定，常用在否定词或疑问词 之后。
• 5. 简单介词+关系代词+名词
• 这种结构中关系代词可使用which 和whose .选择介词时 要考虑关系代词后的名词以及整个句子的意义.如
• ①The boss in whose department Mr.king worked had heard atout the accident.
关系分句（Relative Clause)是由关系词 （Relative Word)引导的分句结构。关系 分句又叫定语从句。 关系分句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限定 性关系分句和非限定性关系分句。
• 4.the+名词+of+关系代词
• 在这种结构中，关系代词只能用which，它表示的是一种 所有关系.我们也可以用“whose+名词”和“of which the+名词”来代替.如：
• ①I have read the novel,the tittle of which (whose tittle /of which the tittle) is Red and Black.我读过名叫《红与黑》的小说. • ②I live in the house ,the window of which(whose window/of which the window)faces south.我住的房子窗户朝南.
4）Who,Whom
• who,whom用于指人，前者作主语，后者作 宾语。 • The man who greeted you was my neighbor. • Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working.
5)Whose
2)Where
• where 引导关系分句，相当于介词 in,at+which。
• Have you ever been in a situation__you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him？(2002,44) • A.by which B.that C.in where D.where
• All__remain for me to do is to say goodbye. • A.that B.\ C.what D.which
• 答案：A • 解析：all,any,anything,everything,a few,the only one,the one等作关系分句的先 行词时，或当关系分句的先行词被最高级 或序数词修饰时，一般用that而不用which 引导关系分句。
• ②Beijing is the place where （＝in which ）I was born.
• ③Is this the reason why （＝for which）he refused our offer？
• 2.复杂介词+关系代词 • 在这种结构中，可使用的关系代词有which，whom 和whose， 常用的复杂介词有at the back of ，as a result of ，because of ,by means of ,in front of ,in support of ,on account of等。
• whose+名词，可引导关系分句，在句中作 主语或宾语，whose既可指人，也可指物。 • People whose dogs bit other people should keep them tied up. • The house whose wondows are broken is unoccupied.
• The party,__I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. • A.by which B.for which C.to which D.at which • 答案：C • 解析：to which=I was the guest of honour to the party.
由“介词+关系代词”引导的限定分句
• 能做这种用法的关系代词 主要是which,其次是whom, 有时是关系限定词whose。 • 例句1：They tried to think of
a plan by which they could fulfil their task ahead of time.
• • • • • • •
• 例句2：I will now introduce
the candidate in support of whom i wish to speak.
• •
•
由“介词+关系代词”引导的非限定性分句
• 由“介词+which”引导的不定式分句，也 是一种关系分句 • 例句1 I had nothing on which to focus. • 例句2 At last there was something about which to write home.
几种形式
• 1.简单介词+关系代词
• 在这种结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which.关系副词 when，where，why的含义相当“介词+which”，因此常相互交替使 用.When＝on/in/by+which，where＝at/in/from+பைடு நூலகம்hich，why＝for which. • ①There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.
.关系代词前介词的选择 1.由定语从句中谓语动词或形容词的习 惯搭配决定 This is the hero with whose story we are very familiar. 2.由先行词的习惯搭配决定。 I don’t remember the day on which he left. 3.由句意来决定。表示所属关系的 On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence， the meaning of which I don’t understand. 4.。。。表示整体与部分关系的 I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.. 5.。。。表示同位关系的 Her sons， both of whom work abroad， rang her up this morning.
关系代词的选择
• 关系代词的选择取决于关系分句是限定性 的还是非限定性的，以及先行词是之人还 是指物，关系代词在分句中是作主语还是 宾语或补语。下面列举各关系代词的具体 用法： • which；where；that；who,whom；whose； as; but.
1)Which
• 1.which用来指物，不可指人。可以引导限定性和非限定 性关系分句。 • We've just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment,__should make great differences in our life next summer.(2002,45) • A,which B.what C.that D.they • 答案：A • 2.which的先行词有时可以是一个句子，而不是一个词。 • The physicist has made a discovery,__or great importance to the progress of science and technology.(1997,45) • A.I think which is B.that I think is • C.which I think is D.which I think it is • 答案：c
①They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a boy. ②There were some mistakes in my homework,because of which I couldn’t go home.
.
• 3.表示部分的词+of+关系代词
• 在这种结构中，指人的关系代词用whom，指物的用which. 表部分的词有one，second，some，many，several，a quarter，half等
①We have got 16 medals,most of which were won by women. ②Some students in our class are studying abroad,three of whom are girls.
• ②This is the editor for whose magazine LiMing writes.
• ③He is a millionare with whose money many houses have been built for the poor.
双重关系分句
• 双重关系分句是指同一个先行项之后跟有两个关系分
• 答案：D • 解析:where相当于in which,引导一个关系分 句修饰situation。
3）That
• that可用于指人或指物，但只用于限定性关系分 句中。 • Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff__is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.(2000,50) • A.whose B.as C.what D.that • 答案：D • 解析：that is needed for quality 为关系分句，修 饰staff。as用作关系代词时先行词需有such或the same修饰。
6)As
• 1.as在限定性关系分句中，既可指人，又可指物， 可与the same,such,so,as连用。 • You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago. • 2.as在非限定性关系分句中既可充当主语也可充 当宾语。 • Julia was sad,as could be judged from her tearful eyes. (作主语，代表前面的句子） • The world,as we know,is made up of small particles called atoms. (作宾语，代表整个句子）
1008班：姜晨 王慧红
主要区别：
• 限定性关系分句是名词或名词短语不可缺少的一 个组成部分，去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确； 而非限定性关系分句只对先行词的意义起补充说 明作用，省略后，原句意义仍完整。 • I want to buy the house which has a garden.(限 定性）
句的语法现象。
• 当一个先行项后面出现一个以上【主要是两个】
关系分句的现象。有两种情况：
• 1两个关系分句由并列连词连接，处于同一层次。 • You will easily find us;just look for a house whose windows need washing and whose fence needs repairing! • 2两个关系分句处于不同的层次。 • She is the only girl i know who can play the guitar.
7）But
• 作为关系代词引导关系分句时，其意义相 当于that...not,它的主句往往带有not或no。 • He has many pen-friends.No week passes__he receives several letters. • A.that B.which C.than D.but • 答案：D • 解析：but表否定，常用在否定词或疑问词 之后。
• 5. 简单介词+关系代词+名词
• 这种结构中关系代词可使用which 和whose .选择介词时 要考虑关系代词后的名词以及整个句子的意义.如
• ①The boss in whose department Mr.king worked had heard atout the accident.