西方文化背景-文艺复兴(英文)[1]

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文艺复兴英语ppt

Humanism
• The humanists believed that it is important to transcend to the afterlife with a perfect mind and body.
• This transcending belief can be done with education.
Da Vinci has shown a very high talent in painting since childhood, so his father sent him to the painting workshop to learn painting. Before the start of the study, the teacher let da Vinci practice painting an egg for many days.
• The wealth of culture passed down from the artistic and architectural heritage of Rome and the fourth was the use of Latin as a common language in the Italian society .
• The purpose of humanism was to create a universal man whose person combined intellectual and physical excellence and who was capable of functioning honorably in virtually any siMedici, ruler of Florence and patron of arts

文艺复兴和启蒙运动的中英文介绍

文艺复兴（一）一、概念（Concept）意大利文艺复兴（Italy Renaissance）文艺复兴运动是发生在14—17世纪的欧洲，是正在形成中的资产阶级在复兴希腊罗马古典文化的名义下发起的弘扬资产阶级思想和文化的运动The Renaissance was occurred in 14 - seventeenth Century in Europe, is the emerging bourgeoisie in the revival of Greek classical culture in Rome under the name of initiating promoting bourgeois ideology and cultural movement为什么称这场运动为“文艺复兴”？Why is referring to this movement as " the renaissance "由于新生的资产阶级是借助古代希腊、罗马的文化来反对封建神学的，所以历史上称这场新兴的文化运动为“文艺复兴”。

The new bourgeoisie is have the aid of ancient Greece, the culture of Rome to oppose the feudal theology, so the history that the new cultural movement of the Renaissance " ".二、实质（Solid matter）是一场以古典文化复活为外衣的新文化运动，是当时欧洲社会经济与政治结构变革条件下的产物，是中世纪晚期欧洲世俗文化发展的必然结果，同时，它又反过来进一步加速欧洲社会的进步。

To be a classical culture the resurrection as the coat of the new culture movement, was the European social economy and political structure reform under the conditions of the product, is a late medieval secular European culture and the inevitable result of the development, at the same time, it in turn further acceleration of European society.实质：资产阶级文化的兴起性质：资产阶级性质Properties: bourgeois文艺复兴运动为什么首先开始于意大利？The Renaissance began in Italy why?(1) 资本主义萌芽最早出现在意大利，这是意大利成为文艺复兴发源地的前提条件。

文艺复兴英文

指导思想（Guiding thought）
人文主义： Humanism
代表人物On behalf of
一·达· 芬奇（Da Vinci）
The Last Supper Mona Lisa
二.米开朗基罗（Michelangelo）
摩西（Moses）
《最后的审判》（The Last Judgement）
伽利略在比萨斜塔上做了 “两个铁球同时着地”的实验，得出了重量不同的两个铁球同时下落的结论。
The Renaissance would bring what influence?
文艺复兴会给社会带来什么影响？
1、冲破了封建神学，解放了人们的思想。 1、 Broke the feudal theology, liberation of the th ought of people. 2、文艺复兴运动推动了自然科
《西斯廷圣母》（Sistine Madonna）
《圣母的婚礼》
四.但丁（Dante）
《神曲》（Commedia,Divine Comedy）
五. 莎士比亚（Shakespeare）
《哈姆雷特（Hamlet）》
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）
文艺复兴
意大利文艺复兴（Italy Renaissance）
文艺复兴运动是发生在14—17世纪的欧洲，是正在形成中的资产阶级在复兴希腊罗马古典文化的名义下发起的弘扬资产阶级思想和文化的运动 The Renaissance was occurred in 14 seventeenth Century in Europe, is the emerging bourg eoisie in the revival of Greek classical culture in Rome under the name of initiating promoting bourgeois ideo logy and cultural movement

文艺复兴背景英语作文

文艺复兴背景英语作文Title: The Renaissance: A Cultural Rebirth。

The Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" in French, was a period of immense cultural, artistic, and intellectual transformation that swept across Europe from the 14th tothe 17th century. It marked the transition from themedieval period to the modern era and brought about arevival of interest in classical art, literature, and learning. This essay will explore the key aspects of the Renaissance and its profound impact on Western civilization.One of the defining features of the Renaissance was the renewed interest in the literature and philosophy ofancient Greece and Rome. Scholars and artists studied classical texts and works of art, seeking inspiration and guidance from the achievements of antiquity. The revival of classical learning led to the development of humanism, an intellectual movement that emphasized the importance of human reason, individualism, and the pursuit of knowledgefor its own sake.Art flourished during the Renaissance, with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael producing some of the most iconic works in Western art history. These artists broke away from the rigid conventions of medieval art and embraced naturalism, perspective, and anatomical accuracy. Their masterpieces, such as da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" and Michelangelo's "David," continue to captivate audiences with their beauty and complexity.In addition to visual arts, the Renaissance witnessed significant advancements in literature, music, and science. Writers like William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes produced timeless literary works that explored the complexities of the human experience. Composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed music that remains an integral part of the Westernclassical music canon. Meanwhile, scientists like Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler revolutionized our understanding of the natural world through theirgroundbreaking discoveries and experiments.The Renaissance was also a period of great social and political change. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century facilitated the spread of knowledge and ideas, paving the way for the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution. The printing press allowed for the mass production of books, making literature and learning more accessible to people across Europe.Furthermore, the Renaissance saw the emergence of powerful city-states such as Florence, Venice, and Rome, which became centers of trade, finance, and culture. Wealthy merchants and patrons of the arts sponsored artists and scholars, fostering an environment of creativity and innovation. The rise of the merchant class challenged the traditional social hierarchy, leading to the growth of secularism and individualism.However, the Renaissance was not without its dark side. Despite its emphasis on humanism and enlightenment, it wasalso a period of religious intolerance, political intrigue, and social inequality. The Catholic Church, threatened by the spread of Protestantism and the questioning of its authority, launched the Counter-Reformation to suppress dissent and preserve its power.In conclusion, the Renaissance was a pivotal period in Western history that laid the foundations for the modern world. It brought about a revival of classical learning, artistic innovation, and scientific inquiry that continues to influence our society today. While it was a time of great achievement and progress, it was also a time of upheaval and conflict. Nevertheless, the legacy of the Renaissance endures as a testament to the enduring power of human creativity and intellect.。

文艺复兴的背景(英文版)

Renaissance thoughtWhile the humanists were not primarily philosophers and belonged to no single school of formal thought, they had a great deal of influence upon philosophy. They searched out and copied the works of ancient authors, developed critical tools for establishing accurate texts from variant manuscripts, made translations from Latin and Greek, and wrote commentaries that reflected their broad learning and their new standards and points of view. Aristotle’s authority remained preeminent, especially in logic and physics, but humanists were instrumental in the revival of other Greek scientists and other ancient philosophies, including stoicism, skepticism, and various forms of Platonism, as, for example, the eclectic Neoplatonist and gnostic doctrines of the Alexandrian schools known as Hermetic philosophy. All of these were to have far-reaching effects on the subsequent development of European thought. While humanists had a variety of intellectual and scholarly aims, it is fair to say that, like the ancient Romans, they preferred moral philosophy to metaphysics. Their faith in the moral benefits of poetry and rhetoric inspired generations of scholars and educators. Their emphasis upon eloquence, worldly achievement, and fame brought them readers and patrons among merchants and princes and employment in government chancelleries and embassies.The Renaissance was a cultural and scholarly movement which stressed the rediscovery and application of texts and thought from classical antiquity, occurring in Europe c. 1400 – c. 1600. The Renaissance can also refer to the period of European history spanning roughly the same dates. It's increasingly important to stress that the Renaissance had a long history of developments that included the twelfth-century renaissance and more.What Was the Renaissance?There remains debate about what exactly constituted the Renaissance. Essentially, it was a cultural and intellectual movement, intimately tied to society and politics, of the late 14th to early 17th centuries, although it is commonly restricted to just the 15th and 16th centuries. It is considered to have originated in Italy. Traditionally people have claimed it was stimulated, in part, by Petrarch, who had a passion for rediscovering lost manuscripts and a fierce belief in the civilizing power of ancient thought and in part by conditions in Florence.At its core, the Renaissance was a movement dedicated to the rediscovery and use of classical learning, that is to say, knowledge and attitudes from the Ancient Greek and Roman eras. Renaissance literally means ‘rebirth’, and Renaissance thinkers believed the period between themselves and the fall of Rome, which they labeled the Middle Ages, had seen a decline in culturalachievement compared with the earlier eras. Participants intended, through the study of classical texts, textual criticism, and classical techniques, to both reintroduce the heights of those ancient days and improve the situation of their contemporaries. Some of these classical texts survived only amongst Islamic scholars and were brought back to Europe at this time.The Renaissance Period“Renaissance” can also refer to the period, c. 1400 –c. 1600. “High Renaissance” generally refers to c. 1480 – c. 1520. The era was dynamic, with European explor ers “finding” new continents, the transformation of trading methods and patterns, the decline of feudalism (in so far as it ever existed), scientific developments such as the Copernican system of the cosmos and the rise of gunpowder. Many of these changes were triggered, in part, by the Renaissance, such as classical mathematics stimulating new financial trading mechanisms, or new techniques from the east boosting ocean navigation. The printing press was also developed, allowing Renaissance texts to be disseminated widely (in actual fact this print was an enabling factor rather than a result).Why Was This Renaissance Different?Classical culture had never totally vanished from Europe, and it experienced sporadic rebirths. There was the Carolingian Renaissance in the eighth to ninth centuries and a major one in the “Twelfth Century Renaissance”, which saw Greek science and philosophy returned to European consciousness and the development of a new way of thinking which mixed science and logic called Scholasticism. What was different in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was that this particular rebirth joined together both the elements of scholarly inquiry and cultural endeavor with social and political motivations to create a much broader movement, albeit one with a long history.The Society and Politics Behind the RenaissanceAcross the fourteenth century, and perhaps before, the old social and political structures of the medieval period broke down, allowing new concepts to rise. A new elite emerged, with new models of thought and ideas to justify themselves; what they found in classical antiquity was something to use both as a prop and a tool for their aggrandizement. Exiting elites matched them to keep pace, as did the Catholic Church. Italy, from which the Renaissance evolved, was a series of city-states, each competing with the others for civic pride, trade, and wealth. They were largely autonomous, with a high proportion of merchants and artisans thanks to the Mediterranean trade routes.At the very top of Italian society, the rulers of the key courts in Italy were all “new men”, recently confirmed in their positions of power and with newlygained wealth, and they were keen to demonstrate both. There was also wealth and the desire to show it below them. The Black Death had killed millions in Europe and left the survivors with proportionally greater wealth, whether through fewer people inheriting more or simply from the increased wages they could demand. Italian society and the results of the Black Death allowed for much greater social mobility, a constant flow of people keen to demonstrate their wealth. Displaying wealth and using culture to reinforce your social and political was an important aspect of life in that period, and when artistic and scholarly movements turned back to the classical world at the start of the fifteenth century there were plenty of patrons ready to support them in these endeavors to make political points.The importance of piety, as demonstrated through commissioning works of tribute, was also strong, and Christianity proved a heavy influence for thinkers trying to square Christian thought wit h that of “pagan” classical writers.The Spread of the RenaissanceFrom its origins in Italy, the Renaissance spread across Europe, the ideas changing and evolving to match local conditions, sometimes linking into existing cultural booms, although still keeping the same core. Trade, marriage, diplomats, scholars, the use of giving artists to forge links, even military invasions, all aided the circulation. Historians now tend to break the Renaissance down into smaller, geographic, groups such as the Italian Renaissance, The English Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance (a composite of several countries) etc. There are also works which talk about the Renaissance as a phenomenon with global reach, influencing – and being influenced by – the east, Americas, and Africa.。

文艺复兴英文资料

1RenaissanceThe Renaissance (UK/rɨˈneɪsəns/, US/ˈrɛnɨsɑːns/)[1] is a period in Europe, from the 14th to the 17th century, considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.The Renaissance's intellectual basis was humanism, derived from the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such as that of Protagoras, who said, that "Man is the measure of all things." This new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature. Early examples were the development of perspective in oil painting and the recycled knowledge of how to make concrete. Although the inventionof metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe.As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which contemporaries credited to Petrarch; the development oflinear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting; and gradual but widespread educational reform. In politics, the Renaissance contributed to the development of the customs and conventions of diplomacy, and in science to an increased reliance on observation and inductive reasoning. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions ofsuch polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man".[2][3]There is a consensus that the Renaissance began in Florence, in the 14thcentury.[4] Various theories have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics, focusing on a variety of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time; its political structure; the patronage of its dominant family,the Medici;[5][6] and the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Ottoman Turks.[7][8][9] Other major centres were northern Italian city-states such as Venice, Genoa, Bologna, Milan andfinally Rome during the Renaissance Papacy.The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and, in line with general scepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the "Renaissance" and individual culture heroes as "Renaissance men", questioning the usefulness of Renaissance as a term andas a historical delineation.[10] The art historian Erwin Panofsky observed of this resistance to the concept of "Renaissance":It is perhaps no accident that the factuality of the Italian Renaissance has been most vigorously questioned by those who are not obliged to take a professional interest in the aesthetic aspects of civilization—historians of economic and social developments, political and religious situations, and, most particularly, natural science—but only exceptionally by students of literature and hardly ever by historians of Art.[11]Some observers have called into question whether the Renaissance was a cultural "advance" from the Middle Ages, instead seeing it as a period of pessimismand nostalgia for classical antiquity,[12] while social and economic historians, especially of the longue durée, have instead focused on the continuity between the two eras[13] which are linked, as Panofsky himself observed, "by a thousand ties".[14]The word Renaissance, literally meaning "Rebirth" in French, first appears in English in the 1830s.[15] The word occurs in Jules Michelet's 1855 work, Histoire de France. The word Renaissance has also been extended to other historical and cultural movements, such as the Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the 12th century.[16]2RepresentativesAlfred Tennyson, among many others. In addition, the first use of the interlockingthree-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him.Dante has been called "the Father of the Italian language".[2] In Italy, Dante is often referred to as il Sommo Poeta("the Supreme Poet") and il Poeta; he, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also called "the three fountains" or "the three crowns".The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journeythrough Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso)Dante, like most Florentines of his day, was embroiled in the Guelph–Ghibelline conflict. He fought in the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with the Florentine Guelphs against Arezzo Ghibellines; then in 1294 he was among the escorts of Charles Martel of Anjou (grandson of Charles I of Naples, more commonly called Charles of Anjou) while he was in Florence. To further his political career, he became a pharmacist. He did not intend to practice as one, but a law issued in 1295 required nobles aspiring to public office to be enrolled in one of the CorporazionidelleArti e deiMestieri, so Dante obtained admission to the Apothecaries' Guild. This profession was not inappropriate, since at that time books were sold from apothecaries' shops. As a politician he accomplished little, but held various offices over some years in a city rife with political unrest.After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided into two factions: the White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, led by VierideiCerchi—and the Black Guelphs (GuelfiNeri), led by Corso Donati. Although the split was along family lines at first, ideological differences arose based on opposing views of the papal role in Florentine affairs, with the Blacks supporting the Pope and the Whites wanting more freedom from Rome. The Whites took power first and expelled the Blacks. In response, Pope Boniface VIII planned a military occupation of Florence. In 1301, Charles of Valois, brother ofKing Philip IV of France, was expected to visit Florence because the Pope had appointed him peacemaker for Tuscany. But the city's government had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks before, seeking independence from papal influence. It was believed that Charles had received other unofficial instructions, so the council sent a delegation to Rome to ascertain the Pope's intentions. Dante was one of the delegates.2. Leonardo da Vinci。

文艺复兴英文单词

文艺复兴英文单词单词：Renaissance1.1 词性：名词1.2 释义：文艺复兴（欧洲 14 至 16 世纪的文化运动、思想解放运动）1.3 英文释义：A period of great cultural and artistic change and development in Europe from the 14th to the 16th century.1.4 相关词汇：rebirth---2 起源与背景2.1 词源：源自法语，由 re-（再次）和 naissance（诞生）组成。

2.2 趣闻：文艺复兴时期产生了众多伟大的艺术家和作品，如达芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎》等，对欧洲乃至全球的文化发展产生了深远影响。

---3 常用搭配与短语3.1 短语：Renaissance art 文艺复兴艺术例句：The Renaissance art is famous for its beauty and detail.翻译：文艺复兴艺术以其美丽和细节而闻名。

3.2 短语：Renaissance literature 文艺复兴文学例句：Shakespeare is one of the most important figures in Renaissance literature.翻译：莎士比亚是文艺复兴文学中最重要的人物之一。

---4 实用片段（1） "I'm studying the Renaissance period in history class. It's so fascinating to learn about the great thinkers and artists of that time." said Tom. "Yes, the Renaissance was a time of great innovation and creativity." replied the teacher.翻译：“我在历史课上学习文艺复兴时期。

文艺复兴英文版

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance (16th and early 17th centuries): towards the end of the Middle Ages, after the loss of the English territories in France, England suffered thirty years of civil war fought by rival aristocratic families for the throne: the Wars of the Roses. The Welsh Tudor family was victorious and proceeded to secure its position. The dynasty ruled from 1485 to 1603, and was succeeded by Scottish relatives – and former opponents – the Stuarts. The military power of the aristocracy was removed: private armies were forbidden; only the crown was entitled to raise an army. The nobility’s great economic power based on land ownership remained intact. The Tudors no longer shared power with the aristocracy, as monarchs did in the Middle Ages, but ruled alone, or absolutely. Parliament existed, was involved in the legislative process but did not determine it.The Church of Rome was another factor limiting the king’s power which the Tudors soon dealt with. In 1531 Henry VIII set up the Church of England, with himself as head, thus nationalising religion, because Vatican politics had become a threat to him. In 1538 the English were given direct access to the bible in their own language; a year later the monasteries were suppressed. Under Henry’s daughte r Mary, Catholicism was restored and Protestants persecuted: 400 were burnt as heretics. I Elizabeth’s reign, when England was under threat of invasion by Spain, Catholics were regarded as foreign agents and punished accordingly. But those protestants unwilling to accept the authority of the new state church also found themselves in trouble with the law. These became known under the general name of Puritans because they demanded that Protestantism be purified of all traces of Catholicism. They felt the reformation had not gone far enough: they wanted the hierarchy within the new church abolished, they disapproved of bishoprics, wanted ministers of religion elected by their congregations, and insisted on their right to speak out. Such freedom of speech they did not regard as a general right, but one they were entitled to as God’s personal spokespeople. Elizabeth regarded the Puritans as dangerous and took measures to minimise the threat. In general, she tried to steer a middle course between the religious extremes of Catholicism and Puritanism.Parallel with the development of England s a modern nation came its growth as a colonial power. Ireland had been under England’s overlordship since the Middle Ages, but now it became a colony, that is occupied territory ruled in the interests of the so-called mother country. Revenue also came to the crown from trading expeditions to newly conquered overseas territories. The increase in overseas trade led to a great boom in manufacturing in England. A flourishing export trade in woollen cloth developed. The lucrative cloth trade made sheep farming more profitable than tillage: the result was the beginning of enclosures by landlords of areas traditionally used by the villagers as common lands. The crafts flourished due to the extra demand for ships, weapons, export goods of all kinds, and the condition of the common people improved compared to that of the Middle Ages. Towns and cities grew, but most of the people continued to live in rural areas.During the 16th and early 17th centuries, therefore, the people of England transformed the basis of their national and spiritual life. They also broadened their intellectual horizons and fashioned from a newly augmented language one of the great literatures of the western world. The period is known as the Renaissance; the term Renaissance (‘rebirth’) originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Renaissance writers returned to the classical sources of ‘humane letter’ in an attempt to find new ways of generating ideas and promoting a written and spoken eloquence greater in purity than the crabbed Latin of Medieval schoolmen.In line with the period’s enthusiasm for classical literature and art is a renewed b elief in humanism (a belief in human-based morality rather than in any supernatural authority). They believed, as Alexander Pope was to phrase it much later, that ‘the proper study of mankind is man’, rather than scholastic theology. For humanists the divi ne principle of reason was the guideline and that they found better realised in the classical world of antiquity than in the Middle Ages. They hoped to create a new civilisation in Europe at least equalling that of the old world. Thomas More wrote Utopia (1516) in which he puts forward his ideal of a future happy society. More’s book owes a considerable debt to Plato’s Republic and the Greek satirist Lucian. More’s topics include the corruption of the rich, the sufferings of the poor and the injustice of the death penalty for starving thieves. For More, only Utopia, where private property has been abolished, offers hope of an ideal state. The irony lies in the fact that utopia means ‘nowhere’. Utopia, however, provided a blueprint for a high-minded, money-free collective where a rational code is valued.Humanist ideals led to a widespread concern with education and many schools were formed, especially for boys who were educated in the faith of Christ and in classical literature (girls were for centuries deprived of a formal education). The study of Christian and pagan authors was seen as the best way to prepare men for the vicissitudes of life. Thus classical authors were studied as guides to life. An important aspect of the rhetorical training of the humanist schools in the Renaissance was the absorption of large numbers of received conventions or commonplaces of description (such as traditional similes) called topoi. All Renaissance students were taught, as part of their basic training, to amplify, vary, and enrich these topoi or received ideas in novel or copious ways. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73 (1609) can be seen as a virtuoso example of this Renaissance rhetorical training in which the poem’s speaker attempts to persuade the addressee to regard him in a certain way. Each of the quatrains contains a different, extended metaphor for the speaker’s age or condition: (i) as late autumn, (ii) as twilight, (iii) as a dying fire. All three metaphors are commonplace ways, or received topoi, of representing old age, yet the interesting thing about the poem is that it revitalises these ‘old’ or ‘tired’ metaphors by extending them, and making them precise and specific rather than vaguely general.A further shaping influence on the literature of the period were the religious movements of the Reformation. The authority of the Catholic Church was no longer seen as infallible; indeed, ordinary individuals believed that they did not need the help of a priest to interpret scripture.Luther did not believe that the Catholic Church could save souls but that a man’s salvation depended on God’s grace and justification by faith alone. Private experience became the means of the deepest spiritual discovery. Reading scripture became more important than listening to a priest. There was a move here towards individualism.Both Protestantism and humanism had a formative influence on the genius of William Shakespeare. In common with other Elizabethan dramatists, his dramas broke away from the religious domination evident in the crypto-Catholic mystery and morality plays of the medieval era, and show an interest in the classics that is matched by a vivid social realism. Of all his dramas, the tragedies are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s supreme achievement. As in Greek tragedy, many of the main figures are kings and queens (e. g. Claudius and Gertrude in Hamlet); ordinary individuals are not yet considered appropriate vehicles for edification. However, we do not remember Hamlet because he is the king’s son but, rather, because of his personality. During the Tudor age the fate of a nation depended to a greater extent than in medieval times on the character of the rulers; it is therefore not surprising that drama produced the greatest literary individuals the stage had ever seen. The tragic fate of these individuals is not caused by external forces outside their control but is of their own making: their downfall is caused by specific features of character or weaknesses exposed under exceptional circumstances. Consider Hamlet’s inability to make up his mind, for example; a tragic flaw that led to his own death and the death of many innocent people. The tumultuous nature of his time had made Shakespeare acutely aware of the precariousness of fortune and character, and how quickly the veneer of civilisation could disintegrate under adverse conditions.Sonnet no. 73 (William Shakespeare)That time of year thou mayest in me beholdWhen yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hangUpon those boughs which shake against the cold,bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.In me thou see'st the twilight of such dayAs after sunset fadeth in the west,Which by and by black night doth take away,Death's second self, that seals up all in rest.In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire,That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,As the death-bed whereon it must expireConsum'd with that which it was nourish'd by. This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long.(i)Identify the conceit and ‘Volta’ in Sonnet 73.。

文艺复兴英文PPT

Brief of shakespare
William Shakespeare ,who was a thinker, writer,
dramatist, and poet . He was born in a wealthy family in 1564. He has the strong cultural base, but has not read the university. When 18 years old marries with 26 year old female. He had study in the "grammar school", but after his father bankruptcy ,he had to dropout. At 21 years old who went to work in theatre of London . Later he began stage acting, and writing plays and poems.
1) comedy:
1595，A Midsummer Night's Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》 1596，The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》 1598，The Merry Wives of Windsor 《温莎的风流娘儿们》 1598，Much Ado About Nothing 《无事生非》 1599，As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》 1600，Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》
1.Political background
After long years of domestic year England enjoy a prosperity during

Renaissance文艺复兴英文介绍

David (1504) by Michelangelo
In essence,
the Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers attempted to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by Roman Catholic Church and to introduce new ideas expressing the interest of the rising bourgeoisie.
1.1 What is Renaissance?
Renaissance refers to the activity, spirit and time of the revival of art, learning, and literature in Europe extending over a period of 300 years (1350-1650), marking a transition from the Middle Ages to the modern time.
Assignment
A Presentation on William Shakespeare
Humanism
A Different View of Humanity Human beings are glorious creatures capable of individual development toward the direction of perfection. Human beings live in this world not to suffer merely but to interrogate, to explore and to enjoy.

文艺复兴英文 Renaissance ppt课件

When did the Renaissance Take Place?
Roughly the 14th to the 17th century
How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance?
Crusades (1095 – 1291) = Religiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by Roman Catholics against Muslims who had occupied the near east since the Rashidun Caliphate (founded after Muhammad’s death in 632, the Rashidun Caliphate was one of the largest empires of the time
• Trade and commerce increased • Cities grew larger and wealthier • Newly wealthy merchants and bankers supported the
growth of the arts and learning • The Renaissance was an age of recovery from the disasters
• Within days the disease spread to the city and the surrounding countryside
Bubonic Plague Continued
• After five years 25 million people were dead--one-third of Europe's population.

西方文化介绍introduction of western culture lesson4 Renaissance文艺复兴

• It is thought that two factors played a big part.
1. The Medici family, a banking family, in patronizing and stimulating arts. 2. Lucky birth of several great men: Da Vinci, Botticelli and Michealangelo.
• These men were only able to rise to such prominence because of the cultural conditions in Florence though.
Humanism
• Humanism is best understood by looking at what happened before it. • Medieval education was scholastic, preparing people to be doctors, lawyers of religious experts. • Humanism aimed not to produce professionals, but a better type of person.
– The scientific method,is the basis for all modern science, and made great contributions to astronomy, physics, biology and anatomy.
• Merchants are people who make use of the commercial system for profit. • Italian society was based on commerce and merchants, which made it different from the rest of Europe.

文艺复兴【英文】 Renaissance

Literature flourished during the Renaissance This can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type.
Northern Renaissance • Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. • Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. • The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas.
The Renaissance was a time of renewal
was recovering from the Dark ages and the plague. People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings.
The Bible
Erasmus
Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible “I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated . . . As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it”

全英文介绍世界文化历史之欧洲文艺复兴

POLITICAL
Political Economy of Renaissance Europe,
Theory of the State
• State was political organism independent of ruler • State has three essential attributes: legitimacy,
– Wealthy wanted to separate from masses – Encouraged new pride in human potential
Renaissance Attitudes
• Secularism
– Focus of attention from eternal to worldly affairs
– Were oligarchies
• Government run by wealthy aristocrats, headed by prince • Huge gap between rulers and the people
Renaissance Attitudes
• Individualism
fact, not as it “should” be
Title page of a 1ts
• France
– Recovered quickly from Hundred Years War – Charles VII created first truly royal army – Louis XI gained middle class support, expanded area
of royal control
Hundred Years’ War

文艺复兴的英文单词

文艺复兴的英文单词“文艺复兴”的英语是“Renaissance”。

一、单词翻译与解释- “Renaissance”源自法语，词干“naiss -”表示“出生”的意思，前缀“re -”有“重新、再”的含义，合起来字面意思就是“重生、再生”，在历史语境中特指14世纪到17世纪在欧洲兴起的一场思想文化运动，强调古典文化的复兴以及在其基础上的创新发展。

二、词干与加前后缀的情况1. 词干单独使用情况较少- 在英语中，词干“naiss -”单独使用的情况非常少，因为它是从法语等语言借入英语的部分词根，在英语中不符合常规的单词构造习惯。

2. 加前缀或后缀的情况- 以“Renaissance”为例，这个词本身已经是一个完整的、具有特定意义的名词，一般不需要再添加后缀来改变词性用于表达“文艺复兴”这个概念。

不过，在一些衍生用法中，可以添加后缀。

例如“Renaissance - like”（像文艺复兴那样的），这里添加“ - like”后缀，将名词“Renaissance”变成了形容词性的短语，表示具有文艺复兴特征的。

- 前缀“re -”在这个词中是不可或缺的，因为如果没有“re -”，“naissance”虽然在法语中有“出生、诞生”的意思，但不能准确表达“重生、复兴”这个对于“文艺复兴”概念至关重要的语义。

三、不同词式的造句及翻译1. 名词形式（Renaissance）- The Renaissance was a period of great cultural change in Europe.（文艺复兴是欧洲一个文化发生巨大变革的时期。

）- Many great artists emerged during the Renaissance.（许多伟大的艺术家在文艺复兴时期涌现出来。

）2. 形容词性短语形式（Renaissance - like）- The city has a Renaissance - like atmosphere with its beautiful architecture and vibrant arts scene.（这个城市有着像文艺复兴那样的氛围，有着美丽的建筑和充满活力的艺术景象。

西方文化背景-文艺复兴(英文)[1]

11
Start of Renaissance
Renaissance happened gradually at different places at different times. The movement occurred in different countries with different emphasis. The impact with Italy was mostly in fine arts. （艺术—指诗
7
Ⅱ. Distinctive Features began with the rediscovery of the GrecoRoman civilization Emphasized reason, a questioning attitude, experimentation, and free inquiry (rationalism) Glorified the individual and approved worldly pleasures, and focused attention upon secular matters (humanism)
3
II Historical Background
1558 Death of Mary, accession of Elizabeth I
1576 The first playhouse built in London 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada, apex of England 1603 Death of Elizabeth I, accession of James I
歌、音乐、绘画、雕塑、建筑等）
In France it was literature. In England it was philosophy and drama. The starting place of the Renaissance is almost universally ascribed to（把…归于）Central Italy, especially the city of Florence. Italy— cradle of the Renaissance.

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