润滑油基础培训
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倾点抑制剂Pour point inhibitor
抗泡剂Antifoaming agent
减少摩擦和磨损Reduce friction and wear
防止表面沉积Prevent collection in surface
保持不溶物的悬浮Keep suspension of the undissolved substance
Y
M
金属加工
Z
电器绝缘 风动工具 热传导 暂时保护防腐蚀 汽轮机Turbine 热处理 用润滑脂Grease 其它及特种合成油脂应用场合 蒸汽气缸
牌号说明示例NAME OF LUBRICANT
如46号抗磨液压油 Take #46 wear resistant hydraulic oil for example L-HM46的具体表示如下： The meaning of L-HM46 is as follows:
L - 表示润滑油 Means lubricant H - 液压油类 Means hydraulic oil M - 油品种（抗磨性）Means oil type (wear resistant) 46 - 等级（牌号）Means class
6、润滑油的选择考虑的因素 FACTORS FOR CHOOSING LUBRICANT
load condition to prevent the metal from jointing
5、润滑油的分类TYPES OF THE LUBRICANT
A
全损耗系统
N
B
脱模
P
C
齿轮Gear
Q
D
压缩机（包括冷冻机和真空泵） Compressor
R
E
内燃机
T
F
主轴、离合器、轴承
U
G
导轨
X
H
Fra Baidu bibliotek液压Hydraulic
三、水泥企业设备润滑知识 Basic lubrication knowledge in cement plant
1、回转窑大齿圈润滑ROTARY KILN GEAR RIM LUBRICATION
（1）、开式齿轮啮合特点 Exposed gear meshing characteristics
大小齿轮的啮合过程中，齿面的各区域受到的力既有滚动 产生的力，又有滑动产生的力； During the meshing process of the gears, there are forces from rolling and slipping to the surfaces of the gears. 在滚动和滑动的过渡区域之间有一段混合摩擦区域 There is an mixed friction area in the transitional of rolling and slipping
slippery.
润滑剂作用Function of lubricant 减少摩擦、降低磨损、散热、清洗、防锈、密 封、传递动力、缓冲防振。
Reduce friction, decrease wear, cooling, cleaning, rustproof, sealing,
driving force delivery, buffer and shockproof.
（3）、开式齿轮润滑剂的类型Types of the lubricants for exposed gear 润滑油类型的开式齿轮润滑剂Lubricants for exposed gear 沥青型开式齿轮润滑剂Bitumen typed exposed gear lubricant 特点：温度变化对粘度影响大，采用的溶剂污染大，维护工作量大 （如清理齿根堆积的硬化的润滑剂、清洗堵塞的喷射系统等） Characteristic: temperature change has a great influence to the viscosity,
EP （EXTREME PRESSURE）的含义： Meaning of EP (EXTREME PRESSURE) 抗极压添加在高温下起反应，防止齿面粘接 The EP reacts at high temperature to prevent slice or joint form the gear surfaces 齿面在极压添加剂的作用下可以相对滑动 The gear surfaces can relatively slip with the EP 抗极压添加剂只有在需要时才发挥作用 EP only take action when needed. 齿轮润滑油的特性： Characteristics of gear lubricant: 正确的粘度、合适的低温流动性、良好的化学稳定性、良好的抗乳化性能、高 油膜强度、良好的润滑性、防锈性能、无腐蚀、抗泡性、极压性能 Correct viscosity, appropriate low temperature flow ability, excellent chemical stability, excellent emulsification resistance, high strength of oil slick, excellent lubrication, no corrosion, bubble resistance, extreme pressure performance
抑制氧化分解Restrain oxidation
防止金属部件生锈Prevent the metal from rust
提高摩擦性能Improve friction 促使油和水迅速分离Separate oil and water promptly 降低基础油的倾点，提高低温流动性Decrease the pour point of the base oil, increase flow ability at low temperature 减少泡沫，促使油品表面的气泡迅速破裂Decrease foam, break the surface air bubble promptly
以齿轮油为例Take the gear oil for example： 影响润滑的因素The factors influence lubrication： 齿轮类型、齿轮速度（低速-高粘度，高速-低粘度）、减速比、运行温度 （环境温度、摩擦温度）、输入动力、载荷特性、驱动类型、润滑方式 （飞溅润滑、压力润滑）、水污染、润滑油的泄漏 Gear type, gear speed (low speed – high viscosity, high speed – low viscosity), reduction ratio, temperature (environment temp., friction temp.), driving force, loading type, driving method, lubrication method (splash lubrication, pressure lubrication), water pollution, lubricant leakage
润滑基础知识讲义
FUNDAMENTAL LUBRICATION
一、润滑管理LUBRICATION MANAGEMENT
“五定”润滑管理“5f”Lubrication management
1、定点：制定润滑点。 Fix point: Fix the lubrication points. 2、定人：定专人分别对各润滑点进行巡检维护。 Fix : Fix special staff for patrol of the lubrication points 3、定质：对润滑油品的油质进行监控。 Fix quality: Monitor the quality of the lubricant. 4、定量：制定各润滑点的加油量和补油量。 Fix quantity: Fix the changing quantity and filling quantity for each lubrication point. 5、定时：制定各润滑点的补油周期和换油周期，并严格执行。 Fix time: Fix the changing period and filling period for each lubrication point and carry
粘度指数改良剂Viscosity ameliorant
降 低 因 温 度 的 改 变 产 生 的 粘 度 的 变 化 Reduce the viscosity change caused by the changed temperature
极压添加剂Extreme pressure agent 控制大负荷条件，防止金属极压焊接Control extreme
（2）、开式齿轮润滑剂油膜的特点 Characteristics of oil slick of the lubricant for exposed gear 由于开式齿轮的转速通常较小以及齿轮的啮合特点，大小齿轮 齿面间无法保持流体动力润滑状态 The rotating speed of the exposed gear is usually low, and it’s impossible for the hydrodynamic lubrication between the gears’ surfaces for the mesh characteristics of the gears. 需要加入固体添加剂防止摩擦区域发生金属和金属的直接接触 The solid additive is needed to prevent the direct contact between the metal surfaces
2、基础油的成分Base oil ingredients 正烷烃、异烷烃、环烷烃、芳香烃 基础油中也含有硫、氧、氮、金属化合物
3、润滑油的组成Lubricant composition 基础油 + 添加剂 = 润滑油 Base oil + additives = lubricant
4、添加剂 ADDITIVES
添加剂类型 Additive type
目的 Purpose
抗磨剂Wear resistant agent 清净剂Cleaning agent 分散剂Dispersing agent 抗氧化剂Antioxidant 防腐剂Preservative
摩擦改良剂Friction ameliorant
解乳化剂Emulsification resistant agent
surfaces helps it to move smoothly and reduce friction and wear.
润滑剂Lubricant 减少摩擦副摩擦性能的物质。
A substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or
out strictly.
二、润滑油基本知识介绍
Fundamental knowledge of lubrication
1、几个相关的概念Related concepts 摩擦 Friction 两个物体表面相互接触，并做相对运动受阻的现象。 The force that makes it difficult for things to move freely when they are touching each other. 磨损Wear 因摩擦使机械摩擦副接触面产生微粒脱落、变形、重量减轻 等表层损坏现象。 Wear is the damage or change that is caused by friction, such as the phenomenon of granule drop, deformation and less weight happened in the contact surface.
润滑Lubrication 将具有减小摩擦副摩擦性能的物质，加到摩擦 面之间形成一层润滑膜，使摩擦面脱离直接接 触，达到减少摩擦、降低磨损的目的。
If you lubricate something such as part of a machine, you put a substance
such as oil on it, and the formed lubrication layer between the contact
抗泡剂Antifoaming agent
减少摩擦和磨损Reduce friction and wear
防止表面沉积Prevent collection in surface
保持不溶物的悬浮Keep suspension of the undissolved substance
Y
M
金属加工
Z
电器绝缘 风动工具 热传导 暂时保护防腐蚀 汽轮机Turbine 热处理 用润滑脂Grease 其它及特种合成油脂应用场合 蒸汽气缸
牌号说明示例NAME OF LUBRICANT
如46号抗磨液压油 Take #46 wear resistant hydraulic oil for example L-HM46的具体表示如下： The meaning of L-HM46 is as follows:
L - 表示润滑油 Means lubricant H - 液压油类 Means hydraulic oil M - 油品种（抗磨性）Means oil type (wear resistant) 46 - 等级（牌号）Means class
6、润滑油的选择考虑的因素 FACTORS FOR CHOOSING LUBRICANT
load condition to prevent the metal from jointing
5、润滑油的分类TYPES OF THE LUBRICANT
A
全损耗系统
N
B
脱模
P
C
齿轮Gear
Q
D
压缩机（包括冷冻机和真空泵） Compressor
R
E
内燃机
T
F
主轴、离合器、轴承
U
G
导轨
X
H
Fra Baidu bibliotek液压Hydraulic
三、水泥企业设备润滑知识 Basic lubrication knowledge in cement plant
1、回转窑大齿圈润滑ROTARY KILN GEAR RIM LUBRICATION
（1）、开式齿轮啮合特点 Exposed gear meshing characteristics
大小齿轮的啮合过程中，齿面的各区域受到的力既有滚动 产生的力，又有滑动产生的力； During the meshing process of the gears, there are forces from rolling and slipping to the surfaces of the gears. 在滚动和滑动的过渡区域之间有一段混合摩擦区域 There is an mixed friction area in the transitional of rolling and slipping
slippery.
润滑剂作用Function of lubricant 减少摩擦、降低磨损、散热、清洗、防锈、密 封、传递动力、缓冲防振。
Reduce friction, decrease wear, cooling, cleaning, rustproof, sealing,
driving force delivery, buffer and shockproof.
（3）、开式齿轮润滑剂的类型Types of the lubricants for exposed gear 润滑油类型的开式齿轮润滑剂Lubricants for exposed gear 沥青型开式齿轮润滑剂Bitumen typed exposed gear lubricant 特点：温度变化对粘度影响大，采用的溶剂污染大，维护工作量大 （如清理齿根堆积的硬化的润滑剂、清洗堵塞的喷射系统等） Characteristic: temperature change has a great influence to the viscosity,
EP （EXTREME PRESSURE）的含义： Meaning of EP (EXTREME PRESSURE) 抗极压添加在高温下起反应，防止齿面粘接 The EP reacts at high temperature to prevent slice or joint form the gear surfaces 齿面在极压添加剂的作用下可以相对滑动 The gear surfaces can relatively slip with the EP 抗极压添加剂只有在需要时才发挥作用 EP only take action when needed. 齿轮润滑油的特性： Characteristics of gear lubricant: 正确的粘度、合适的低温流动性、良好的化学稳定性、良好的抗乳化性能、高 油膜强度、良好的润滑性、防锈性能、无腐蚀、抗泡性、极压性能 Correct viscosity, appropriate low temperature flow ability, excellent chemical stability, excellent emulsification resistance, high strength of oil slick, excellent lubrication, no corrosion, bubble resistance, extreme pressure performance
抑制氧化分解Restrain oxidation
防止金属部件生锈Prevent the metal from rust
提高摩擦性能Improve friction 促使油和水迅速分离Separate oil and water promptly 降低基础油的倾点，提高低温流动性Decrease the pour point of the base oil, increase flow ability at low temperature 减少泡沫，促使油品表面的气泡迅速破裂Decrease foam, break the surface air bubble promptly
以齿轮油为例Take the gear oil for example： 影响润滑的因素The factors influence lubrication： 齿轮类型、齿轮速度（低速-高粘度，高速-低粘度）、减速比、运行温度 （环境温度、摩擦温度）、输入动力、载荷特性、驱动类型、润滑方式 （飞溅润滑、压力润滑）、水污染、润滑油的泄漏 Gear type, gear speed (low speed – high viscosity, high speed – low viscosity), reduction ratio, temperature (environment temp., friction temp.), driving force, loading type, driving method, lubrication method (splash lubrication, pressure lubrication), water pollution, lubricant leakage
润滑基础知识讲义
FUNDAMENTAL LUBRICATION
一、润滑管理LUBRICATION MANAGEMENT
“五定”润滑管理“5f”Lubrication management
1、定点：制定润滑点。 Fix point: Fix the lubrication points. 2、定人：定专人分别对各润滑点进行巡检维护。 Fix : Fix special staff for patrol of the lubrication points 3、定质：对润滑油品的油质进行监控。 Fix quality: Monitor the quality of the lubricant. 4、定量：制定各润滑点的加油量和补油量。 Fix quantity: Fix the changing quantity and filling quantity for each lubrication point. 5、定时：制定各润滑点的补油周期和换油周期，并严格执行。 Fix time: Fix the changing period and filling period for each lubrication point and carry
粘度指数改良剂Viscosity ameliorant
降 低 因 温 度 的 改 变 产 生 的 粘 度 的 变 化 Reduce the viscosity change caused by the changed temperature
极压添加剂Extreme pressure agent 控制大负荷条件，防止金属极压焊接Control extreme
（2）、开式齿轮润滑剂油膜的特点 Characteristics of oil slick of the lubricant for exposed gear 由于开式齿轮的转速通常较小以及齿轮的啮合特点，大小齿轮 齿面间无法保持流体动力润滑状态 The rotating speed of the exposed gear is usually low, and it’s impossible for the hydrodynamic lubrication between the gears’ surfaces for the mesh characteristics of the gears. 需要加入固体添加剂防止摩擦区域发生金属和金属的直接接触 The solid additive is needed to prevent the direct contact between the metal surfaces
2、基础油的成分Base oil ingredients 正烷烃、异烷烃、环烷烃、芳香烃 基础油中也含有硫、氧、氮、金属化合物
3、润滑油的组成Lubricant composition 基础油 + 添加剂 = 润滑油 Base oil + additives = lubricant
4、添加剂 ADDITIVES
添加剂类型 Additive type
目的 Purpose
抗磨剂Wear resistant agent 清净剂Cleaning agent 分散剂Dispersing agent 抗氧化剂Antioxidant 防腐剂Preservative
摩擦改良剂Friction ameliorant
解乳化剂Emulsification resistant agent
surfaces helps it to move smoothly and reduce friction and wear.
润滑剂Lubricant 减少摩擦副摩擦性能的物质。
A substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or
out strictly.
二、润滑油基本知识介绍
Fundamental knowledge of lubrication
1、几个相关的概念Related concepts 摩擦 Friction 两个物体表面相互接触，并做相对运动受阻的现象。 The force that makes it difficult for things to move freely when they are touching each other. 磨损Wear 因摩擦使机械摩擦副接触面产生微粒脱落、变形、重量减轻 等表层损坏现象。 Wear is the damage or change that is caused by friction, such as the phenomenon of granule drop, deformation and less weight happened in the contact surface.
润滑Lubrication 将具有减小摩擦副摩擦性能的物质，加到摩擦 面之间形成一层润滑膜，使摩擦面脱离直接接 触，达到减少摩擦、降低磨损的目的。
If you lubricate something such as part of a machine, you put a substance
such as oil on it, and the formed lubrication layer between the contact