肝细胞癌患者行根治外科疗法后的生存状况研究
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肝细胞癌患者行根治外科疗法后的生存状况研究
目的探討肝细胞癌患者行根治外科疗法后的生存状况,旨在分析影响患者的预后因素,为临床治疗肝细胞癌提供相应的方向及依据。方法回顾性分析2008年6月~2012年6月在惠州市中心医院(因手术组医师该期间尚在市中心医院工作)接受手术治疗的146例肝细胞癌患者的临床资料,针对所有病例术后5年的生存状况进行系统随访,对所有相关因素进行单因素分析,并对单因素分析有统计学意义的指标进行Cox回归多因素分析。结果146例肝癌患者均顺利完成手术,行解剖性肝切除术80例,非解剖性肝切除术66例。10例患者发生术后并发症,主要并发症为胸腔积液(4例)、切口感染(2例)、术后发热(2例)、肠梗阻(2例),其中部分患者合并多种并发症。术后随访5年,随访时间1~139个月,中位生存时间为59个月,5年总体生存率为47.95%(70/146),失访3例(2.05%)。单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、肝功能分级、肝门阻断、手术方式等因素不是影响肝细胞癌患者行根治外科疗法后生存状况的相关因素(P>0.05);肿瘤包膜、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、微血管浸润、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、肿瘤分化程度、总胆固醇、AJCC分期等因素为影响肝细胞癌患者行根治外科疗法后生存状况的相关因素(P<0.05)。多因素回归显示,肿瘤分化、微血管浸润、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、AJCC分期为影响肝细胞癌患者行根治外科疗法后生存状况的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论解剖性肝切除术、非解剖性肝切除术用于治疗肝细胞癌患者远期效果较好;肿瘤分化、微血管浸润、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、AJCC分期为影响肝细胞癌患者行根治外科疗法后生存状况的独立因素。
[Abstract]Objective To explore the survival status of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical surgery in order to analyze the prognostic factors and provide direction and basis for clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 146 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergone surgical treatment from June 2008 to June 2012 in the central hospital (because these surgeons still worked in the Central Hospital of Huizhou)were retrospectively analyzed.All cases were followed up for 5 years after operation.All related factors were analyzed by single factor analysis,after that the Cox regression multiple-factor analysis was carried out if the index was statistically significant after single factor analysis.Results All the participants were successfully performed.Eighty cases were performed with anatomical hepatectomy,and the rest cases were not.Postoperative complications occurred in 10 patients,including pleural effusion (4 cases),incisional infection (2 cases),postoperative fever (2 cases),and intestinal obstruction (2 cases).Among them,some patients had multiple complications.After 5-year follow-up,the follow-up was from 1 to 139 months,and the median survival time was 59 months.The total survival rate of 5 years was 47.95% (70/146),and 3 cases were lost accounting for 2.05%.Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,grade of liver function,hepatic portal occlusion,and surgical mode were not related factors influencing on the survival state of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical surgery therapy (P>0.05).The related factors were tumor capsule,aspartate aminotransferase,microvascular invasion,tumor size,amount of tumor,tumor
differentiation,total cholesterol,and AJCC stage (P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis displayed that tumor differentiation,microvascular invasion,tumor size,tumor number,and AJCC stage were independent factors that affected the survival status of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical surgery (P<0.05).Conclusion Both anatomical liver resection and non-anatomical liver resection for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have better long-term effects.Tumor differentiation,microvascular invasion,tumor size,number of tumor,and AJCC stage are independent factors influencing on the survival status of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical surgery.[Key words]Hepatocellular carcinoma;Radical surgical treatment;Survival status
肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)为临床较为常见的原发性肝癌,死亡率较高,备受医学界关注。HCC的病因主要与乙肝及丙肝病毒感染相关,主要的临床表现为上腹痛、包块、肝功能损害较重,严重影响患者的预后[1-2]。研究显示,HCC的恶性程度较高,为肝硬化患者的主要死因[3],故在临床中早日寻找及时有效的治疗方式对于HCC患者的意义重大。目前治疗HCC的主要方式为采用肝切除术,肝切除术主要包括解剖性肝切除术和非解剖性肝切除术[4-6]。非解剖性肝切除术主要考虑整体切除患者的肿瘤,但对患者自身的伤害较大。研究提示,解剖性肝切除术能够在根治患者病灶的同时,最大限度地保持肝部整体形状及功能[7-9],近年来以解剖性肝切除术为基础的精准肝切除理念备受患者及医师的青睐。本研究通过探讨HCC患者行根治外科疗法后的生存状况研究,旨在为临床治疗HCC提供相应的方向及依据,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
回顾性分析2008年6月~2012年6月在市中心医院(因手术组医师该期间尚在市中心医院工作)接受手术治疗的146例HCC患者的临床资料,其中男98例,女48例;年龄为44~62岁,平均(52.5±5.2)岁。纳入标准:①术后被病理学证实为HCC且行HCC根治术的患者,患者的临床资料完整;②肝功能Child A级或B级;③本研究经我院医学伦理委员會批准通过。排除标准:①合并其他脏器功能不健全,严重影响术后恢复;②存在其他恶性肿瘤疾病;③术后因肝癌及其并发症以外的原因死亡。
1.2方法
手术由同一组医师协同完成,术前均经CT检查以确定肿瘤的位置、数目,理清肿瘤与门静脉分支、肝静脉等重要脉管的位置关系,并根据Makuuchi标准[7-8],确定手术的范围。
1.2.1解剖型肝切除术游离患者肝周围的韧带,于第一肝门处解剖供应拟切除肝脏的门静脉及肝动脉分支,三级以上分支需于肝实质内解剖,患者肝切除平面的面积、范围应以患者的肝缺血线、肝外解剖标志作为辅助参考。