2016年高考复习高中英语五大基本句型

Ⅰ．了解英语简单句的五大基本句型。

Ⅱ．能够准确判断出简单句的句型。

Ⅲ．通过练习熟悉五大句型。

Ⅱ．简单句的基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns ）

英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五中基本句型。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

1. 主谓句型（主语 + 不及物动词）S + Vi.

1.1 Great changes have taken place.

1.2 We all breathe, eat and drink.

1.3 The blind study in special schools.

1.4 Fighting broke out between the South and North.

1.5 To tell the truth always pays.

1.6 What he said doesn ’t matter.

以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的______语。主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有_____, ______, _______, _______, _______等等。谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。以上例句中，我们不难看出，句子的谓语动词是不及物动词，这些不及物动词可以是单个动词也可以是短语，由此，可以归纳出这些例句都属于_______ 句型。

此句型的特点是谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需要跟宾语，但有时可跟副词、介词短语等做状语。如：

He laughted. John has read widely. He lives in London.

【练一练】找出下列句子的主语并注意谓语动词。

1）Two days passed.

2）The war ended peacefully.

3）The girl came in quietly.

4）The group of children went there on foot.

5）It is blowing.

6）Everybody is now studying hard.

7）The story spread all over the town.

8）The book sells well.

9）We live to devote.

10）The sun has risen.

2.主谓宾句型（主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语）S + Vt. + O

2.1I like China.

2.2He hates you.

2.3---How many do you need? ---I need two.

2.4We should help the old and the poor.

2.5I like working with you.

2.6I hope to see you again.

2.7Did you write down what he said?

2.8I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

2.9It took me a while to adapt to the job.

2.10He looks after his little daughter on Sundays

分析以上例句，可以看出斜体部分是句子的______语。句子的宾语可以由_____, ______, ______, _______, _______, ________等充当，它表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容。或者用于介词后构成介词短语。句子的谓语动词可以是单个的动词也可以是短语，如例句中的look forward to, look after等。这类句型即________句型。

此句型的特点是谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语。如：Our team beat all the others..

【练一练】翻译下列句子，并指出句子的主干（主谓宾）

1）I ride a bike to school.

2）You’d better follow my advice.

3）Do you mind my smoking.

4）You should practice writing more.

5）The room needs painting.

6）Do remember to lock the door.

3.主系表句型（主语+ 系动词+ 表语）S + Link.V + P

3.1He is a teacher.

3.2The best composition is hers.

3.3Five and five is ten.

3.4He is asleep.

3.5His father is thin.

3.6The picture is on the wall.

3.7My watch is gone/lost/missing.

3.8To see is to believe.