英语中的倒装句详解

倒装
英语句子通常是主语在前，谓语在后。

但有时出于语法或为达到某种修辞目的需要，就把谓语动词放在主语的前面，这种语序称作倒装语序。

1.完全倒装
将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，是完全倒装。

通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。

a.以表示时间、地点、方向的副词或介词短语开头,这些副词包括here,there,out,in,up down,now,then,away等；There goes the bell.
Away walked the stranger.
Here comes a bus.
Now comes your turn.
Out run two boys.
There is a girl.
Then followed a shot of gun.
On the wall hangs a large map of China.
Outside the classroom stood a girl.
East of the town lies a lake.
但当主语是代词时，则不能把谓语动词放在主语的前面。

In the bed she lay.
Here they come.
Away they went.
There he is.
Back he fight.
b.进行时和被动语态的倒装
A boy is sitting at the table.(正常语序)
Sitting at the table is a boy.（倒装语序）
At the table is sitting a boy. （倒装语序）
An old man was killed on the road. (正常语序)
Killed on the road was an old man. （倒装语序）
On the road was killed an old man. （倒装语序）
2.部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语动词的一部分（Be动词、助动词、情态动词，如无，加do、did、does）放在主语的前面。

1)‘only+状语’位于句首时，主句用部分倒装；
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
Only in the way can he win the first prize.
Only by doing exercise could he pass the P.E. examination.
Only after talking with your childrens can you really know them.
2)以否定或半否定的词或词组开头时；
never,never before,not,no,little,seldom,nowhere,not only...but also,not...until,by no means(决不)，in no case,neither,nor,in no way ,at no time,no longer,no sooner...than,hardly...when/before,scarcely...when/ before.
例句：
Not a single song did he sing at yesterday’s party. Never could I imagine the people are living in such poor conditions.
Seldom do we think of our parents.
Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else can you find such a beautiful place.
Hardly had he gone into the office when the telephone rang.
No sooner had my friend got home than it began to rain.
not only...but also引导的是并列句，以not only 开头的分句倒装，but also 引导的分句不到装。

Not only does he like beer but also he likes liquor. not until 引导的时间状语从句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

Not until he left his home did he know how much he love his parents.
At no time is smoking permitted in the meeting-room. M y brother can’t draw,and nor can I.
H e won’t go to Beijing,and neither will I.
3)as,though 引导的倒装让步状语从句；
有表语，表语提前,如表语是名词，名词前不用冠词；无表语，状语提前；无状语，主要动词提前。

Young as he is,he can speak 3 languages.
Child though she is,she can help her mother with housework.
Worm as it is,it has its own ideal.
Fast as you read,you cannot finish the book in a day.
H ard though the boy tried,he couldn’t make his mother change mind.
Lose my way as I did,I didn’t feel depressed.
Speak English though Jack can,he never speak it in public.
4)neither,nor,so 开头的倒装句；
如果上下文说的是同一人或同一事物，主谓不到装；
Your father often smokes.
So he does.
Tom asked me to join in his party and so I did.
如果上下文说的不是同一人或同一事物，主谓到装；
I can speak English and so can Jack.
I have never heard of such a thing,neither has Tim. 若前一分句中包含不同种类的动词，而后一分句所说也符合前文所说情况，可用It is/was the same with... 或So it is/was with...
Jack is from America and work in a Chinese factory. So it is with Johnson.
It is the same with Johnson.
5)省略if的倒装虚拟条件句(前文讲过)；
也就是将条件句中含有的的should、had、were提前，此时则省略掉if。

例句：
Were I you,I would study hard.
如果我是你，我就努力学习。

（与现在事实相反。

）
Had you finished you homework last night,you wouldn’t have been punished by your teacher.
如果你昨晚完成了作业，你就不会被老师惩罚了。

（与过去事实相反。

）
Should the meeting be over at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow,I would come to visit you on time.
如果明天的会议8点钟结束，我就按时来拜访您。

（与将来事实相反或不可能实现。

）
6)so...that,such...that句型中，当so,such位于句首时,so,such 引导的主句倒装；
So small is the worm that I can hardly see it. Such a smart girl is she that we all like her.
7)其他考点
He passed the exam as his sister did.
He passed the exam as did his sister.。