句法知识

句法知识

Step 1 分析下列句子

1.Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, but the way they actually are.

2. In the silence for the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats.

3. Polar bears live mostly on sea ice, which they use as a platform for hunting seals.

4. The biggest problem for most plants, which can’t just get up and run away when threatened, in that animals like to eat them.

Step 2 句子的种类

（一）按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.

1）陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法.

1)光比声速度快.

2)这部电影很乏味.

2）疑问句:提出问题,有以下四种:

A. 一般疑问句:

你能按时完成工作吗？

B. 特殊疑问句:

什么使得你如此伤心？

你怎么知道那件事？

C. 选择疑问句:

你是要茶还是要咖啡？

D. 反意疑问句:

他不认识她,对不对？?

3）祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令，省略主语you的句子。

Work hard, and you will succeed.

4）感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.由how 和what引导

多好的消息啊！

（二）句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.

Ex 判断下列句式

A Both my wife and I are from Beijing.

B My father and mother go to work at 7 in the morning.

C He likes playing basketball while I like playing volleyball.

D Remember to write to your parents as soon as you get there.

E . Peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon.

F . No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”

G The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons finished for the day.

1）简单句:只含一个主谓结构.

她喜欢集邮.

2）并列句:含两或两个以上主谓结构,句间由并列连词或分号连接.

食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.

3）复合句:含一个主句和一个或几个从句,从句由从属连词引导.

我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.

（三）简单句

1）主+动（SV）

2）主+系+表（SVP）

3）主+动+宾（SVO）

4）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）

5）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）

6）There be 句型

六种基本句型（基本句型:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的）:

1）主+动（SV）I work.

2）主+系+表（SVP）Things are getting better. She turned doctor.

表状态存在的系动词：be, seem, appear, prove, look, smell, taste, sound, feel

表状态延续：remain, stay, keep, continue

表状态变化：become, grow, get, come, go, turn

3）主+动+宾（SVO）She studies English.

4）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）My mother made me a new dress.

双及物动词有：give, send, teach, bring, show, tell, make, sing, sell, read etc.

5）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）I saw him come into the house yesterday.

能带宾补的动词：

1）感官动词：see, watch, look at, observe, notice, feel, find, hear, listen to

2）使让动词：have, make, let, get, force

3）其它：want, wish expect, allow, permit, forbid, ask, order, advise etc.

判断下列句子属于何种句式

1)You are sitting on the train home.

2)There comes the bus !

3)The ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.

4)Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.

5)There existed a nation in the ocean.

6)Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.

7)We think it our duty to study well.

改错：

1)What lovely children are !

2)What a fine weather it is !

3)There used to have an old temple over there.

4)Come here a moment, do you?

5)To try some of this juice--- perhaps you’ll like it .

6)May you happy!

7)Tom, cleans the window this afternoon.

8)He looked sad at me.

五种基本句型的推导：

1 英语句子必须有谓语动词。

他像他爸爸。

这本书值得一读。

我反对你的意见。