as...as用法

“ as … as …结构”在英语中用法较多，学生在平时的学习中会频繁地接触到此种结构。有部分学生认为“ as … as… 结构”中只能出现形容词或副词并且认为此结构只能用于原级比较，这种认识是单一的。实际上“ as … as… 结构”经过不同变化可以构成不同的短语和句式，这些短语和句式被灵活地运用于课文和练习中。如果学生对此结构的用法了解不多，就会在平时的学习中遇到障碍。为了帮助学生清除障碍，笔者就“ as … as… 结构”的几种用法介绍如下：

“as + 形容词或副词原级+ as…” 意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较，但要注意第一个as 为副词，第二个as 为连词。根据比较对象和性质的不同又可以把此种结构分为三种：

（一）“ as … as …结构”用于表示不同人或物同一性质的比较，意为“……和……一样…… " 。例如：

The tree is as tall as the building(is) ．

这棵树和那栋楼一样高。

注意此结构也常用于形象比喻中：as cool as cucumber 沉着的，as stubborn as a mule 非常顽强的，倔强的，as clear as crystal 非常透明的，as poor as a church mouse 非常贫困的，as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌，as easy as ABC 像ABC 一样容易，as deep as a well 像井一样深，as light as a feather 像羽毛一样轻，as soft as butter 像黄油一样软。这些短语生动活泼，浅显易懂，记住这些短语可以提高学生的英语写作和口语能力。

（二）“ as … as …结构”用于表示同一个人或物不同性质的比较，意为“既……又……” 。例如：

This swimming pool is as wide as it is long.

这个游泳池宽度和长度相等。

（三）“ as … as …结构”用于表示两个人或物不同性质的比较，表示程度相同或相当，意为“……而……”。在否定句中结构是“ so/as…as… ”。例如：

He was as handsome as his wife was beautiful ．

他长得非常英俊，他的妻子也长得非常漂亮。

He was as experienced as his brother was green ．

他经验丰富，而他兄弟却涉世未深。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

他没你跑得快。

Danny is not so/as wise as he is witty ．

丹尼为人风趣，但欠明智。

需要注意的是：“as + 形容词或副词原级+ as…” 结构的变体形式是“ as + 形容词+ a + 单数名词+ as 或as + many/much + 名词+ as ”。意为“……和……一样…… " 。例如：

I don't want as expensive a car as this. ＝I don't want a car as expensive as this ．

我不要这么贵的汽车。

This is as good an example as the other is.

这个例子和另外一个例子一样好。

Tony is as clever a boy as his brother ．

托尼是一个和他兄弟一样聪明的男孩。

I can carry as much paper as you can.

我能搬得动和你一样多的纸。

此外，变体结构的否定形式为“ so +adj. + a/an + n. ( 单数) + as " 。例如：

I am not so strong a man as I was.

我已经没有从前那么强壮了。

二、“as … as… 结构”中常见词组和句式的用法

“as … as… 结构” 中常见词组和句式有很多，最常见的词组有“ as soon as ”意思是" 一…… 就……", 引导一个时间状语从句，还有“ as much as ”和“ as many as ”意思是“像…… 一样多……” ，用来表达极其多的语气，学生在学习中时常会遇到这些词组，对这些词组的用法并不陌生。笔者对此无需赘述。下列笔者将要介绍“as … as… 结构” 中其他一些常用词组和句式：

（一）词组“ as long as ”意思是" 长达…… 之久；只要……" 。引导时间或条件状语从句。如：

It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.

我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。

You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back.

只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。

As long as you work hard, you are sure to succeed in everything.

只要你努力，你就一定会事事成功。

（二）词组“ as far as ” 意思是“那么远，就… … 而知，就… … 言，” 如：

He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.

昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。

As far as I’m concerned, she is the most qualified for the job.

在我看来，她是最适合这份工作的。

（三）句式“ as+ many/much+ 名词+as” 意思是“ …… 和…… 一样”。此结构是词组“ as much as ”和“ as many as ”的变体形式。如：

To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.

吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。

He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom.

他和汤姆同样是管弦乐队的成员。

Comets are just as much members of the sun’s family as(are) the other planets.

彗星和其他的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。

（四）以下几个结构的意思都差不多：“ as … as possible/as…as one can(could)/as…as…can be” 都表示“尽可能地… … ”的意思。如：

Read the story as quickly as possible. = Read the story as quickly as you can.

尽快地阅读这篇故事。

They watered the trees as often as possible. = They watered the trees as often as they could.

他们尽可能经常给树浇水。