公共演讲课,名词解释题,public speaking 知识总结

1.critical thinking:focused,organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas,the soundness of evidence,and the differences between fact and opinion.
2.extemporaneous delivery:a method of delivery in which the speech is carefully prepared and rehearsed but is presented from a brief set of notes.
3.peer testimony:testimory from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.
4.testimony:Ouotations or paraphrases used to support a point.
4.extended example:a story,narrative,or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
5.preview statement:a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body.
6.topical order :a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
7.Chronological order:时间A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.空间 a directional pattern.
7.crescendo ending:a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity.
8.dissolve ending:a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.
9. preparation outline:a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title,specific purpose,central idea, introduction,main points ,subpoints ,connectives,conclusion ,and bibliography of a speech.
10.rhetoric:the art of effective communication between a speaker(or writer)and an audience.
11.stage fright:anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.
12.plagiarism:presenting another person’s language or ideas as one’s own.
13.residual message:what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech.
14.hypothetical example:an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.
15.extended example: A story,narrative,or anecdote edveloped at some length to illustrate a point.
16.connective:a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them
17.credibility:the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on
a given topic.
18.antithesis:the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas,usually in parallel structure.
19.conversational quality:presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed.
20.question of value:a question about the worth,rightness,morality,and so forth of an idea or action.
21.motivated sequence:a method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.the five steps of the motivated sequence are
attention,need,satisfaction,visualization,and action.
22.main points: the major points developed in the body of a speech.Most speeches contain from two to five main points.
23.Internal preview:A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.
24.Internal summary:A statement in the body of the speech that summaries the speaker’s preceding point or points.
25.extemporaneous speech:A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
26.ethos:The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility
27.logos:The name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker.The two major elements of logos are evidence and reasoning.
28.pathos :The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal.
29.persuasion:The process of creating reinforcing,or changing people’s beliefs or actions.
30.Causal reasoning:Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.
31.Analogical reasoning:Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.。