2014年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院815英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院815英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学科目名称：英汉互译（同传）（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）

一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）

In the pre-modern era,political,economic,and social life was governed by a dense web of interlocking relationships inherited from the past and sanctified by religion.Limited personal freedom and material benefits existed alongside a mostly unquestioned social solidarity.Traditional local orders began to erode with the rise of capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,as the increasing prevalence and dominance of market relationships broke down existing hierarchies. The shift produced economic and social dynamism,an increase in material benefits, and personal freedoms,and a decrease in communal feeling.As this process continued,the first modern political ideology,classical liberalism,emerged to celebrate and justify it.

Liberalism stressed the importance of the rule of law,limited government,and free commercial transactions.It highlighted the manifold rewards of moving to a world dominated by markets rather than traditional communities,a shift the economic historian Karl Polanyi would call“the great transformation.”But along with the gains came losses as well—of a sense of place,of social and psychological

stability,of traditional bulwarks against life’s vicissitudes.

Left to itself,capitalism produced long-term aggregate benefits along with great volatility and inequality.This combination resulted in what Polanyi called a “double movement,”a progressive expansion of both market society and reactions against it.

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前现代时期，政治、经济、社会生活由一张错综复杂的严密网络支配着，它承袭过去，并因宗教而变得神圣化。有限的人身自由和物质利益同社会的有机团结并行不悖。但是，随着19世纪及20世纪资本主义的崛起，传统的地方秩序开始瓦解，市场关系逐渐流行并占据统治地位，打破了既有的社会阶层。这一转变产生了经济和社会的推动力，扩大了物质利益和人身自由，减少了公共情感。随着这一进程持续发展，第一个现代政治的意识形态，即古典自由主义应运而生。

自由主义推崇法治、有限政府（小政府）和自由通商。它强调市场而非传统社会主导下的多重回报，经济史学家卡尔·波兰尼将这一转变称为“大转型”。然而，有所得则必有所失，那种对一个地方、一个群体、一种心理的归属感消失了，同时传统的应对人生变迁的堡垒也没有了。

资本主义单枪匹马，带来巨大波动性和不平等的同时，却也产生了长远的集群利益。这样的组合构成了波兰尼所说的“双重运动”，即市场化的社会与其反对力量相并而生，不断滋长。

二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）

The European Union was established with a legal treaty and is founded on the

principle of the rule of law.This concept centers on a set of rules governing all society’s processes and interactions and being above all society’s institutions and organizations.The rules or laws set the moral and ethical standards by which the behaviour of members of society and organizations are judged.For the rule of law and thereby civil society to flourish,it requires,the citizens of a country to respect and trust legal processes,and the law to be applied in a consistent way to all.This gives people a feeling of inclusiveness and optimism about their future.The European Union’s Governance for Equitable Development(GED)project, implemented by the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)from2007 to2012,has assisted China to benefit from knowledge of Europe’s developed legal system and civil society through technical exchange,research and knowledge sharing.

As people’s incomes grow and material living standards rise,their expectations about the quality of life,participation in civil society,protection of property and individual rights increase.Meeting these expectations for a better life in a rapidly urbanizing society with a still significant rural population is one of the key challenges facing China today.This is where the GED project has supported China in moving to a more equitable,inclusive and vibrant civil society,based on the rule of law.

The project has worked with three key Chinese agencies,the National People’s Congress,the Supreme People’s Court and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on topics ranging from law drafting and court efficiency to registration of civil society