2002年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲范文
历年考研英语真题作文考研十年作文精选范文+翻译(2002-2011)(1)
考研英语十年真题大作文（2002-2011）2002Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International”In the essay you should1、describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2、give your comments on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.2003Directions:Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the followingdescribe the set of drawings and interpret its meaningpoint out its implications in our life.2004Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the drawing.2. interpret its meaning, and3. support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.2005Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2006Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you shoulddescribe the photos briefly;interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)图一：把崇拜写在脸上。
2002年考研英语真题及解析
【英汉对照】
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so.
人们曾经把 20 世纪电视的发展 和 15、16 世纪印刷术的传播作过比较。然而， 21 在这两个时段之间却发生了许多事情。 正如前面所讲的，直到 19 世纪，报纸 22 才继小册子和图书之后，24 与期刊一起， 成为电子时代到来之前的最重要的 23 传 播媒介。正是在这段时间，通信革命的发 展也 25 加快了步伐，从铁路运输开始， 26 发展到电报、电话、收音机和电影，27 直到 20 世纪的汽车和飞机时代。并不是 每个人都能 28 正确地看待这个发展过程。 而做到这一点其实是很重要的。
考研阅读逐句译2002年第1篇
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第1篇第1句If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.词汇：intend//v.打算，意欲，想要identify //v.辨认，认出，识别结构：If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, （if条件状语从句）//you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems（主句）.译文：如果想谈话幽默风趣，你必须要知道如何去弄清楚彼此共同的经历、共同的问题。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第1篇第2句Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.词汇：relevant //adj. 有关的，切题的sympathy //n. 同情，同情心；支持，赞同in sympathy with sb. orsth. //对某人某事表示支持或者赞同结构：Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them （主句，中间and并列了两个谓语动词）//that you are one of them （that宾语从句）//or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view（or并列的第二个that宾语从句，其中and并列了两个谓语动词）.译文：你的幽默必须要贴近听众，要有助于向他们表明：你是他们中的一员，你了解他们的处境，支持他们的观点。
考研阅读逐句译2002年第2篇
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第2篇第1句Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.词汇：dawn //n. 黎明，破晓；开端，发端ingenuity //n. 善于创造cunning //adj. 灵巧的，巧妙的burdensome //adj. 难以承受的，令人困扰的nasty //adj. 令人不愉快地；不善良的；危险的，威胁的；疼痛的结构：Since the dawn of human ingenuity（since状语从句）, //people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work （主句）//that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty（that定语从句）.译文：从人类具有创造力之初，就一直在设计日益巧妙的工具来处理那些危险、枯燥、繁重或者是讨厌的工作。
翻译思路：理解的要素词汇的理解：dawn，本义是“黎明”，这里是一种比喻意义的用法，指“开端、发端、起源”。
这种比喻意义中文也有，所以比较好理解。
ingenuity，这个词比较抽象，词典上的译文也不那么明确。
朗文词典英文释义为：skill at inventing things and thinking of new ideas（一种创造的能力，或者是一种想到新点子的能力）短语的理解：human ingenuity：那就是“人类具有的一种创造能力”或者“人类具有的奇思妙想的能力”。
the dawn of human ingenuity：“人类具有创造能力或者一种奇思妙想的能力之初”。
考研阅读逐句译2002年第4篇
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第1句The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.词汇：supreme //adj. 最高的，至高无上的；最重要的，最大的court //n. 法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；球场physician //n. 医生，内科医生implication //n. 含义，暗含relieve //v. 减轻，解除结构：The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide （主语）//carry important implications （谓语动词和宾语）//for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering （for介词后面跟了一个how宾语从句，整个for介词短语充当状语）.译文：最高法院关于医生帮助病人自杀这一问题的裁决，对于医学界寻求如何减轻病危者的痛苦与折磨，具有重要的意义。
翻译思路：翻译思路的展开有人总说，“觉得自己英语看懂了，可就是觉得中文怪怪的，为什么呢？”这里有两个问题：1.觉得自己英语看懂了——要确信是真的看懂了，对英语主干和修饰的关系很清晰。
2.如果“真的看懂了”，“可是中文怪怪的”——问题就出在中文表达的时候，逻辑整理或者顺序安排不够清楚；还有可能是对某一个英语词的中文表达不到位。
怎么办呢？我试图通过这个句子来帮大家展开一下翻译思路。
The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide决定最高法院的决定最高法院的裁决（法院的决定，就是裁决，这里是一种中文表达方式的替换）最高法院关于医生帮助自杀的裁决最高法院关于医生帮助病人自杀这一问题的裁决（医生帮助自杀，有点怪怪的，逻辑不清，补充说明白）carry important implications具有了重要的意义（注意carry implication for的搭配）for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering对于医药如何寻求减轻正在死亡的病人的痛苦和折磨对于医学界寻求如何减轻病危者的痛苦与折磨（医药如何减轻，怪怪的；正在死亡的病人，逻辑不对；通通替换）唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第2句Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.词汇：rule //v. 统治，管理；控制；裁定constitutional //adj. 宪法的，符合宪法的；（某人）体质的，体格的in effect // 实际上principle //n. 原则，原理；准则，规范permissible //adj. 容许的结构：参见翻译思路译文：尽管裁决规定，宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利，但最高法院实际上还是认可“双重效应”的医疗原则。
2001-2002年考研英语阅读全文翻译
2001-2002年考研英语阅读全文翻译2001Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments inscience affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutesan acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remainin local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
考研英语二真题原文翻译2002
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译S e c t i o n I I U s e o fE n gl i s h 人们曾对20世纪电视的发展和15㊁16世纪印刷术的传播进行过比较㊂然而,在这两个时段之间发生了很多事情㊂正如前面所讲的,直到19世纪,报纸才继宣传册和书之后,与期刊一起,成为电子时代到来前主要的传播手段㊂正是在这段时间,通信革命也加快了步伐,从铁路运输开始,发展到电报㊁电话㊁飞机和电影,直到20世纪的汽车和飞机㊂并不是每一个人都能正确地看待(通信革命的发展)这一进程,而做到这一点是非常重要的㊂然而,人们普遍认为20世纪初期计算机的出现,及随后60年代集成电路的发明,极大地改变了这一进程,尽管它对媒体的影响并没有立即见效㊂随着时间的推移,计算机变得越来越小,功能却更加强大㊂而且随着显示效果越来越清晰及存储量越来越大,电脑已不只是团体机构的用具,也成了个人的用具,像人一样,电脑也按 代 来划分,而且代与代之间的间隔越来越小㊂正是在计算机时代, 信息社会 这个词语开始被广泛地用于描述我们生活的环境㊂通信革命改变了我们的工作和休闲方式,同时也改变了我们对时间和空间的思考和感知方式㊂但对这一革命在经济㊁政治㊁社会和文化上的影响,人们还有争议㊂人们把它带来的益处和产生的弊端进行了权衡,但很难得出一个概括性的结论㊂S e c t i o n I I I R e a d i n g C o m pr e h e n s i o n P a r tAT e x t 1如果你想在谈话中用幽默语言使人发笑,你必须知道如何识别你与其他人共同的经历和共同的问题㊂你的幽默必须与听众有关,应该向他们显示你是他们中的一员,你了解他们的情况,赞同他们的观点㊂根据你谈话的对象的不同,问题也有所不同㊂如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以提及他们秘书的工作缺乏条理;相反,如果你在同一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论他们老板的工作方法紊乱㊂例如,我曾在一次护士集会上听到一个笑话,这个笑话很有效,因为所有听的人对医生的看法都很一致㊂一个人到了天堂,由圣彼得带着四处参观㊂他看到了豪华的住宅㊁美丽的花园㊁明媚的天气等等㊂所有人都很平和㊁礼貌和友善,然而在排队等候午餐时,这位新来的人突然被一位穿白外套的人推到一旁㊂只见这人挤到了队伍的前头,抓过他的食物,咚咚地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁㊂ 这是谁啊? 新来的人问圣彼得㊂ 哦,那是上帝, 他回答说, 但有时他认为自己是一名医生㊂如果你是你谈话对象中的一分子,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅中百度官方认证店铺：考研资料分享考研资料，助力考研成功！。
2002年华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2002年华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Translate the following passages into Chinese. (50%)A (35%)So Mrs. Moore had all she wished; she escaped the trial, the marriage, and the hot weather; she would return to England in comfort and distinction, and see her other children. At her son’s suggestion, and by her own desire, she departed. But she accepted her good luck without enthusiasm. She had come to that state where the horror of the universe and its smallness are both visible at the same time—the twilight of the double vision in which so many elderly people are involved. If this world is not to our taste, well, at all events there is Heaven, Hell, Annihilation—one or other of those large things, that huge scenic background of stars, fires, blue or black air. All heroic endeavor, and all that is known as art, assumes that there is such a background, just as all practical endeavor, when the world is the our taste, assumes that the world is all. But in the twilight of the double vision, a spiritual muddledom is set up for which no high-sounding words can be found; we can neither act nor refrain from action, we can neither ignore nor respect Infinity, Mrs. Moore had always inclined to resignation. As soon as she landed in India it seemed to her good, and when she saw the water flowing through the mosque-tank, or the Ganges（恒河）, or the moon, caught in the shawl of night with all the other stars, it seemed a beautiful goal and an easy one. To be one with the universe! So dignifiedand simple. But there was always some little duty to be performed first, some new card to be turned up from the diminishing pack and placed, and while she was pottering about, the Marabar struck its gong.(E. M. Forster: A Passage to India) 【参考译文】摩尔太太得偿所愿。
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拆分点参考：连词
The behavioral sciences have been slow to change//partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and//partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
句子拆分：
拆分点参考：谓语动词,连词
The role of natural selection in evolution//was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, //and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior ofthe individual//is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
句子拆分：
拆分点参考：从属连词，谓语动词
One difficulty is //that almost all of what is called behavioral science // continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
（2）被动语态：按照被动语态的翻译方法，第一个简单句中的was formulated,处理成“得以、得到”，第二个简单句中的to be recognized and studied也可处理成“得以、得到”。
（3）连接这两个简单句的and在语法上表示并列关系，但在意义上是转折关系，故翻译为“而”表示对立。
other kinds of explanations其他解释方式
技巧点拨：
（1）汉语中习惯前因后果，故原则上本句中的原因状语需要翻译到主句之前；但也有例外，我们可以借助词汇进行处理，用六个字“之所以......是因为（原因是）......”，这样就不需要对原文大动干戈了。
（2）被动语态to be directly observed（直接被观察到），可采用省略“被”字的翻译方法，译为“直接观察到”，这在汉语中与“水可以直接喝”类似，都是用主动的词汇表达被动的意思。
完整译文：
自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始得到认识和研究。
二、翻译题解
（61）One difficultyisthatalmost all ofwhatiscalled behavioral sciencecontinuesto trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
完整译文：
行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
（63）The role of natural selection in evolution //was formulatedonly a little more than a hundred years ago, //andthe selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual//isonly beginning to be recognized and studied.
完整译文：
难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格（特征）、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
（62）The behavioral scienceshave beenslow to change partlybecausethe explanatory items oftenseemto be directly observed and partlybecauseother kinds of explanationshave beenhard to find.
解析：
（1）主句是The behavioral sciences have been slow to change。
（2）and连接两个并列的原因状语从句：partly because ... and partly because ...。
词的处理：
the explanatory items用以解释的要素、依据（内容，项目）
behavioral science行为科学
states of mind心态，意识状态
feelings感情
traits of character性格特点
技巧点拨：
（1）what和that引导的名词性从句直接翻译均可，无需调整顺序。
（2）减词法：短语states of mind（心理状态）、traits of character（性格特征）、human nature（人类本性）均可以采用减词法，分别翻译成两个字的形式：“心态”“性格”“人性”，朗朗上口，符合汉语对仗的习惯。
formulated阐述；表述；解释；论证
shaping形成（造就）
maintaining保持，维护
recognized认可，承认
技巧点拨：
（1）定语前置翻译：in evolution修饰natural selection，而of natural selection又作定语修饰the role，因此role为主语中心词，将定语前置翻译，译文为“自然选择在进化过程中的作用”。
解析：
（1）主干结构是One difficulty is that...
（2）almost all of what is called behavioral science是表语从句中的主语部分，后面是简单的谓ues to trace behavior to ...继续针对……研究行为
2002年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲
万学海文
一、全真试题
Almost all our major problems involve human behavior，and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior，but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.61）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature，and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.62）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important，but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull，it selects，and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.63）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago，and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood，however，effects once assigned to states of mind，feelings，and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions，and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems，however，until it replaces traditional prescientific views，and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.64）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning“values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?65）Until these issues are resolved，a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.