研究生入学测试英语翻译及作文考题和答案

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考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题模拟及答案

考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题及答案考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her newbook Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improvetheir lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of manypubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.”Dare to bedifferent, please don’t smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenbergargues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via socialcommunication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: weunconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality ofVermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plantrunning. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since , when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past . In , the state went a step further, requiring that anyextension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along. Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happennext. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of anunderground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year againstallowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the agreement is invalid because of the legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left tolose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promisesfrom Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny andacceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Littlereward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim –a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Gy.rgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’thriving. First, they can shut things down without sufferingmuch in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’spublic-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes frompublic-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute ofCalifornia points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies andmerit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions haverallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit thosewho want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’fat pay packets haveattracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much biggerproblem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector unionmembership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one fromthe list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.(41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the firstmedia machine that serves as the mode of production, meansof distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret warfor two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of productionremains, with a small number of people uploadingmaterial, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining contentto just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneselfof a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn ofthe millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only beginto imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world'smedia culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinianevolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such atheory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless,unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here,Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable tosuppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewilderingvariety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.(48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex culturalbehavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies areality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution ofgrammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans areborn with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generativerules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children canlearn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifyingtraits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases thatresult from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between themrepresent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language changethat are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergianuniversality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither ofthese patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lireage-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university.Write them an email in the name of the Students’Unionto1)extend your welcome and provide some suggestions for their campus life here.2)You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “LiMing”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解Section I Use of English1．【答案】B【解析】从空后信息能够看出，这句表示的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，因此应该选C, maintain“维持，保持”，其它显然语义不通。

201X年全国攻读硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

2021年全国攻读硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔一〕试题及解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1.[标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 此题考查连词。

研究生入学统一考试试题及答案（英语一）

研究生入学统一考试试题及答案（英语一）(5)43【G】解析：43段尾空，应重点看本段上一句。

同时下段开头出现了代词such background，而G中最后一句中的background与之形成逻辑对应关系。

故选择G。

另外，G中Rather表示转折，与43空前句开头的not 构成“not rather”的“不是而是”结构44【B】解析：44段中空，看上下句。

此段空前句中有关键词background，空后句中有关键词interpretation; background逻辑上对应G中最后一句中的background，而interpretation 逻辑对应B中最后一句中的interpretations. 故选择B。

另外，B中Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class 是44空前who we are的具体阐述。

45【A】解析：45段中空，看上下句。

最后一段首句主语是we, 所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we;但是G中首词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑矛盾，故排除G选择A。

另外，A中具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的和方式，此为对45空前句How we read a given text 和our particular interest in reading it 的具体阐述。

A 中的信息是45空后句such dimensions of reading 的指代对象。

Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, theinterplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory whichis now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nationout of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.【参考译文】在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次移民在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案及解析

研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案及解析研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案及解析考研英语（二）与历年考研试卷有所不同，它针对的是一些报考专业学位硕士不考英语（一）的学生的一套考研英语试卷。

本文特意为大家收集了研究生入学统一英语（二）答案及解析，希望大家喜欢！Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, aording to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that e with happiness would 5 the way panies invested. So they pared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which theywere 8 . But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after aounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are morelikely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more16 . Firms seem to invest more in places.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R more than the average," said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when【答案】C【解析】根据空格所在可以看出，空格处应该是一个引导宾语从句的附属连词，做influence的宾语。

研究生入学考试英语作文

研究生入学考试英语作文I remember the day I decided to pursue a master's degree. It was a moment of clarity, a realization that I wanted to delve deeper into my field of study and expand my knowledge. The thought of challenging myself and pushing my boundaries excited me, and I knew that this was the right path for me.Studying at the graduate level is a whole new ball game. The workload is intense, the expectations are high, and the competition is fierce. But I thrive under pressure, and I'm ready to tackle whatever comes my way. I know that theskills and knowledge I'll gain during my studies will be invaluable, and I'm willing to put in the hard work to achieve my goals.One of the things that excites me the most aboutstarting graduate school is the opportunity to work closely with professors who are experts in their field. I can'twait to engage in thought-provoking discussions, conductresearch, and learn from their wealth of experience. I believe that their mentorship will not only enhance my academic experience but also shape me into a better professional.As I prepare to embark on this new academic journey, I can't help but feel a sense of anticipation and nervousness. The thought of meeting new classmates, adapting to adifferent learning environment, and managing my time effectively is both daunting and exhilarating. But I'm determined to make the most of this experience and emergeas a stronger, more knowledgeable individual.In conclusion, I see my graduate studies as a stepping stone to a brighter future. I'm excited to immerse myselfin a challenging academic environment, expand my horizons, and ultimately, make a meaningful contribution to my field. The road ahead may be tough, but I'm ready to take it onwith determination and enthusiasm.。

研究生入学考试英语试题及解析(二)

38. ［A］ regarded ［B］ impressed ［C］ influenced ［D］ effected
39. ［A］ competitive ［B］ controversial ［C］ distracting ［D］ irrational
40. ［A］ above ［B］ upon ［C］ against ［D］ with
29. ［A］ indeed ［B］ hence ［C］ however ［D］ therefore
30. ［A］ brought ［B］ followed ［C］ stimulated ［D］ characterized
31. ［A］ unless ［B］ since ［C］ lest ［D］ although
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up,beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 th e 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful,and they became "personal" too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 in creasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 . It was within the computer age that the term"information society" began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic ,political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语作文试题与范文

2006年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Part A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)To whom it may concern,I am writing to ask you whether you could help me find a child in a remote area to whom I will offer my financial aid.It would be most helpful if the recipient of my financial assistance is a primary school girl living in the western region of our country. Girls in poor regions are often forced to drop school because of poverty, and I hope one of them can have the chance to finish schooling with my help. The candidate should be a girl at the age of 8 to 10 and her previous score reports should prove her potential to be an outstanding student in the future.I would like to give the girl my financial support annually until she graduates from college. The money will cover her tuition fee and otherexpenses at school. Besides, I will correspond with her frequently so that she can seek advice whenever she needs.I really appreciate your help and look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li MingPart B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)As is vividly depicted in the left picture, a man has had David Beckham’s name written on his face. And in the right picture, a man who is having a hair cut asks the barber to cut his hair on the model of David Beckham, the popular British soccer star, for which he pays RMB 300. Such cases of idolatry are not uncommon in today’s China. According to a survey, a high percentage of junior high school students can bedescribed as idol worshipers. The younger generation is demonstrating their respect for their heroes in every perceivable way. They spend hours waiting for their idol at the airport. They scream wildly at him at a concert. They collect every possible thing they could find about him. And they even thrill at the mere sight of him. Yet many parents find it difficult to conceal their worry about their children’s idol worship. They think it’s a waste of time and energy. Their children’s emotions and attentions are entwined with the idol, who, in their minds, has nothing to do with their lives. It makes their children wild and distracts them from the studies. There is nothing wrong for one to have his own role model. However, if young people adore the pop stars to the extent of losing self-control, they misunderstand the significance of popular culture. Anyway, popular culture is to enrich our life. Young people should learn how to live their own lives instead of blindly following others’ footsteps. Maybe the point for balanced and moderate idol worship is trying to rationalize their rational by focusing on the attributes of an idol that have made him successful.2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试Part A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improvingits service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)To whom it may concern,As a senior student of the university, I am writing the letter to make some suggestions for improving the service of university library.On the whole, I think our library functions pretty well, but its service is far from being perfect. Firstly, it is quite convention to arrange an inquiry desk at the circulation hall, which enables the students to ask questions whenever necessary. Then, with the help of a professional librarian, students can go through the procedures more efficiently. In addition, it would be most helpful if the students have access to the latest issues of foreign magazines. Lastly, you’d better maintain strict order at the reading room. I frequently found myself disturbed by certain students chatting and smoking there.It is my sincere hope that you will take my advice into consideration and I hold that it will benefit both the students and the university faculty as well.Sincerely yours,Li MingPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)This cartoon depicts a picture of a football game with two players facing each other. One player is going to kick the ball while the goal keeper is standing in front of a goal, ready to protect it. But both parties are losing their confidence. The striker magnifies the goal-keeper in his mind so that chances of shooting in are slim. Likewise, the goal-keeper minimizes his own image as if he couldn’t defend the goal successfully. Obviously, both of the players in the picture don’t have enough confidence and if you have little confidence, how can you achieve your goal in life？The purpose of the picture is to emphasize the importance of self-confidence in our daily life. Confidence is very importance of self-confidence in our daily life. Confidence is very important in buildinga career. The belief of what one can achieve and succeed often spells the difference between success and failure. On account of the fast pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. The past few years have witnessed great increase in the difficultly of examinations and employment. Thus we must maintain powerful self-confidence and optimism in the face of challenge so as to survive and succeed. Confidence can be shown in the performance of many people. Take Liuxiang as example. It is because of his self-confidence that he never shrinks in front of other experienced players and works wonders again and again. On the contrary, some athletes do well in everyday training, but when facing other people they fail to present the best of themselves for the lack of self-confidence. As the saying goes, confidence is the first step to success！Only by building strong self-confidence can we move closer to our dreams.2008年全国硕士研究生入学考试Part A51.Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write hima letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your o wn name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Dear Bob,I’ve just come back home and when unpacking my luggage, I’ve found the music CD borrowed from you a month ago. I’m really sorry for forgetting to return the CD to you.To solve the problem, I’d like to send this CD to you by Express M ail Service. Probably it will reach you a week later. In fact, it’s really kind of you to have given me a lot of help during my stay in Canada. To show my appreciation, I’ll give you a CD of Chinese folk music as a gift.Again please excuse me for my long delaying in returning the CD. I hope you’ll like the gift delivered to you.Yours sincerely,Li MingPart B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)In the picture presented to us, two handicapped men who have only one leg left respectively are working together to run quite fast with their crutches left behind them. Obviously when they are separate, they have to rely on the crutch to walk. However, when supporting each other, they are able to continue their journey quite smoothly and easily. As what is said in the picture, “Helping each other, we can travel extensively.”In fact, the picture reminds us of the importance of cooperation and without it, the society we live in can not go smoothly. Human beings are social beings, so no one can exist alone in the society. If you want to play a game, you have to play or work with others and you cannot play single-handed and win. What you have to do is to cooperate with your playmates who may make the social ladder for you to climb to the top. For a football team or volleyball team, cooperation is always put in the first place because without teamwork, it is impossible for a team to wineven if all members are wonderful players individually.In conclusion, we get mutual help and understanding from cooperation, with which the world is able to progress at peace and in harmony.2009年全国硕士研究生入学考试Part A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. "White pollution "is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1)give your opinions briefly and2)make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. YouDo not need to write the address.(10 points)Dear sir/madam,I am a university student. I am writing the letter to give my opinion on “White Pollution” in China. I have noted that since the campaign to fight“White Pollution” by reducing the use of plastic bags was launched, some people have turned to use cloth bags. However, a mass convention to the use of cloth bags is unlikely to happen quickly. In my opinion, the government should play a role of policy-making to reduce the use of plastic bags. For example, it can levy a tax on “white”products. The higher the cost of using plastic bags is, the less the chance that people choose to use them is. Moreover, environmentally friendly cloth bags should be distributed to customers in some supermarkets. If people use a cloth bag at a supermarket for shopping, they can probably reuse it and gradually get used to using cloth bags instead of plastic bags. I will appreciate your taking my suggestions into consideration.Yours sincerely,Li MingPart B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)The painter of this picture is really imaginative. According to his understanding of the real world, the human society is depicted as a cobwed through the Internet on insect to communicate with others. As shown in the picture, confined to homes or offices, each person sits in front of computer screens sending or receiving information from the world.Indicative of this picture is the decrease of face-to-face communications. In consequence, although the society seems to be physically woven as a “cobweb” by the Internet, it is possible that social members will be separated from each other in the long run. Firstly, when people get accustomed to the convenience of the computer, they would not bother to make face-to-face contact with their friends and relatives. Secondly, with the increasing dependency on the internet, more and more work can not be accomplished without the Internet; therefore people will spend more time in front of computer screens and hence reduce the time in activities that require face-to-face communication. In addition, many people make on-line friends and indulge in chatting through the Internet, which means that they will gradually keep away from their friends in real life.In sum, while the Internet does provide a convenient network forsocial members, there is possibility that people will spend less time in face-to-face communications and therefore the Internet would bring us a separated world. In consequence, we would balance the Internet communication with face-to-face contact.2010年全国硕士研究生入学考试Part A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduate s’ A ssociation a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and other information which you think is relevant.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduate Association" instead. (10 points)Volunteer RecruitmentJan. 9th,2010 An international conference on globalization will be held from Jan. 20th to Jan. 25th. 50 volunteers will be recruited to work as assistance guide and interpreters.The applicants are expected to speak at least one foreign language fluently. In addition, those who are sociable, organized and conscientious are preferable. The applicants must be in good health and agree to take part in training prior to their service. Free transportation and meals will be provided by the organization committee.Please send your applications and resume via E-mail to postgraduatesoffice@ no later than Jan.15th. We will contact the chosen candidates for the interview before Jan.17th.Postgraduat es’ AssociationPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)The above picture shows us a boiling hotpot containing various ingredients, such as Daoism, Confucianism, deconstruction, Kong fu, ballet and Einstein. It seems as if the hotpot is very yummy andnutritious.Obviously, the delicious hotpot in the picture stands for the culture. The coexistence of different culture is the secret of the successful cooking. Although it is always easy to deal with the things that you are familiar with, to take a sip of the soup in the hotpot is more rewarding than challenging. The 2008 Olympic opening ceremony impressed the whole world with a fantastic mosaic culture show. Rather than the communication barriers, cultural diversity is a driving force of development, not only in respect of economic growth, but also as a means of leading a more fulfilling intellectual, emotional moral and spiritual life. As it is suggested in the picture, to cook the delicious hotpot, we should embrace Chinese culture and foreign culture, cherishing traditional and classic culture and not rejecting modern and popular culture at the same time.To young people, those with vast cultural experience are usually smart, funny, farsighted and sociable. To a society, the coexistence of all sorts of culture means harmony and developmen t. Let’s enjoy the inviting hotpot now.。

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研究生入学测试英语翻译及作文考题和答
案
一、翻译部分：46. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。

47. In Europe ，as elsewhere，multi-media groups have been increasingly successful；groups which bring together television， radio，newspapers， magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another. 在欧洲就像在其他地方一样多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。

48. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in， a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks， no less than 50% took a loss in
1989. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下50%. 49.创造一个将要组成旧大洲联系纤维并且尊重不同文化和传统的统一体
不是一项容易的任务，需要策略性的选择。

50. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale， it is no exaggeration to say，“United we stand， divided we f all”。

在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。

二、作文部分小作文范文：Dear Mr. Wang，I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved that I find intolerable. First of all， the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised， and I have a large family to support. In addition， the office is located in the downtown area， yet I live in the suburbs， so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly， I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself as in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility. I sincerely hope that you approve
of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Yours sincerely，Li Ming 大作文范文：The cartoon symbolically depicts how three sons and a daughter treat their old， helpless father. They each stand in a different corner of a football field. The eldest son kicks out the father， who huddles up into a ball. The other children are prepared to ward him off. It is sad to see none of them is willing to receive their father. The picture is
thought-provoking， and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in today‘s society： many grown-up children refuse to support their aging parents. While they enjoy a comfortable life， their parents are neglected and reduced to utter poverty， as these elderly people have grown so physically weak that they no longer have the means to support themselves. I think these children have betrayed their own conscience and therefore may subject themselves to social contempt and criticism. According to Chinese culture， to be kind to one‘s parents is the height of virtue. We owe so much to our parents in that they not only gave us life but have done much in bringing us up. It is against nature for us to
shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old. Rather， we have the duty to pay back their love by making their later years enjoyable and happy.。