托福独立写作开头段的写法

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How？
Effectively address the topic and task. 有效地阐明话题. a) Let people know what the topic is. b) Show your personal opinion on the topic. c) The details and examples to support your opinion.
独立写作开头段的写 法
Adrian
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Structure
Main Idea Reason I Reason II Conclusion
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Requirement
OG: Score 5
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
1.topic 一般就在题目中； 2.为体现句法的多样性和用词的准确性，不能照抄原题； 3.需要对原题进行恰当而准确地改述，即paraphrase. 4.What is paraphrase？
A paraphrase of something written or spoken is the same thing
Brainstorming:
prefer to do sth -- would rather do sth
live -- reside, dwell
small -- little
big city -- metroplis
Paraphase:
Some people prefer to reside in a small town. Others would rather live in a metroplis.
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词与词的替换（synonym）
9. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live
in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
133. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are
the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Brainstorming: a person's -- one's, someone's important -- significant, momentous of a person's life -- in one's lifetime Paraphrase: One's childhood years are the most significant years in his lifetime.
expressed in a different way.——《柯林斯英汉双解大辞典》
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e.g
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
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Paragraph I
I. Paraphrase the argument 改述原题 II. Main Idea 发表自己的观点 III. Adverbial of Cause 用一个原因状语简短地提及论据
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a. What the topic is
Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice.
Effectively address the topic and task.
Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details.
Displays unity, progression, and coherence.
Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomatically, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.
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词类替换
b) word--phrase
11. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students'
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How to paraphrase the topic?
1. 形式与内容的严格对应
a) 词与词的替换；（synonym） b) 词类替换；（word--phrase） c) 词性替换 （noun--verb, adjective--noun）
2. 意义的对应
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形式与内容的对应
a) 词与词的替换（synonym）