四级作文段落展开

四级作文写作：段落的扩展

一、段落的组成和特征

1．段落的组成

段落大多由三部分组成：主题句；扩展句；结尾句。段落的构成如下：

主题句一句话来表明作者的观点和态度，或囊括段落内容，突出中心词或一个

句子

段落扩展句用三五句话对段落主题进行发挥（内容清晰详实，条理清楚连贯，紧扣主

题）

结尾句对段落进行归纳总结,与主题句相辅相成

For example:

Reading provides much pleasure in our life and make our life more colorful. From books, we “see” the beauties of nature; enjoy the treasures of art and “converse” with characters in them.

Reading serves to mold the readers’ temperament and make them have ease of mind. When we feel tired, reading a humorous book or a novel always makes us feel refreshed and relaxed.

扩展段落常用的方法

作文的题材大多为议论文，适合于这中题材的段落发展方法主要有：列举或举例法；比较对比法；因果法等。

1.列举或举例法

列举或举例法是段落发展的基本方法，用这种方法发展段落，首先要摆出论点（the topic sentence）, 然后列举一系列的论据对其进行陈述和解释，或用具体事例对其进行说明。如：People may have different attitudes towards criticism. Some people will become annoyed if they are criticized, and they will try to defend themselves by all means. Some people tend to be indifferent to criticism. They just regard criticism as nonsense. But still some people think that criticism will help them realize their shortcomings.

常用于列举或举例法的过渡连接语有：

for one thing, for another, for example, for another example; to begin with, first, second, besides, in addition, also, still, moreover, still another, finally, at last, lastly;

按上述方法发展成一段约见50——80词的段落。

1) Increasing your vocabulary can help you in a number of ways.

2) Good dictionary can in some sense serve us as a teacher.

2. 比较——对比法Comparison and contrast

在有的作文测试中，要求考生对两者或三者同类的东西的优缺点进行阐述，并发表个人看法，这种作文要求考生在写作时用比较——对比法。比较对比法一般有两种模式：

（1）先叙述甲，再叙述乙，即：A1, A2 , A3; B1, B2, B3…;如：

Both the city and the country have their disadvantages. Air pollution is very serious in the city. Moreover, it is so crowded that many people don’t want to go out. In the country, it is inconvenient to buy things. Besides, people can find no way to kill the long and tedious nights.

(2) 双方同时描述，逐点对比，即：A1, B1; A2 , B2; A3, B3; 如：

Ways of expressing good manners are different between America and Japan. For example, Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. For another example, Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Ja panese bow. Besides, many Americans open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface(superficially), it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, in fact that’s just the different ways of expressing good manners.

[注]：常用于比较对比法的过渡连接词语有：

like, unlike, similarly, in the same way, on the one hand, on the other hand, compared with/to, in contrast to, on the contrary, but, although, whereas, however, while;

Exercise Two( Using comparison and contrast method)

Men and women are equal at home now;

3 Cause and Effect 因果的方法扩展段落

主题句写所产生的影响或结果，然后提供产生的原因。

There are three reasons why solar energy has not been made use of very widely. First, the cost for building a solar power plant is very high. As a result, the production of one watt of solar energy is more expensive than that of steam power or nuclear power. Second, nature plays a large part in the generation of solar energy. When it is cloudy or rainy, solar power plant can not work.

Also, no solar energy is generated at night. Finally, there are not enough qualified technical personnel to run solar power plants. For all these reasons, solar energy has not developed on a large scale in our country。

Exercise: Several factors have contributed to the difficulty in traveling in China

过度性句型（承上起下，使文章更连贯，使新观点不致显得过于突兀，武断）

①It is true that most job are a series of more or less unpleasant chores, but it doesn’t follow

that that’s all they are.

②This is true , no doubt, but it is not the whole story by any means.

③It is fairly well known that Vitamin C is indispensable to health. But it is probably less

well known that taking it excessively may do harm to the human body.

④This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself.

It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.

写作过程

实例演练：

Get to Know the World outside the Campus

outline: 1. 大学生了解社会的必要性

2. 可通过哪些途径了解社会

3. 我的打算

审题与落笔

第一步：审题 1. 判断题型: 提纲作文

2. 文体: 议论文

3. 确定写作方法: 分析法、举例法

第二步: 提纲分析: 1. 大学生了解社会的必要性

2. 可通过哪些途径了解社会

3. 我的打算

第三步: 快速列纲, 记下要点(中文或英文) 首先要弄清主题句的支配思想；然后列出能直接说明主题思想的3—4个提纲点；

第四步: 最后将提纲点扩展成句；然后依照一定的段落发展方法，采用恰当的关联词组成段落。落笔成文(写作方法: 分析法、举例法)

英语四级作文万能模板和常用句型-中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。