常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库-第二章至第三章【圣才出品】

第2章爱德华兹·富兰克林·克里夫古尔

Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.

1.In his_____Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from_____to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.[天津外国语学院2008研]

【答案】Autobiography,poor

【解析】富兰克林在《自传》中讲述了其白手起家、自力更生的故事，平凡却生动的讲述表明他坚信通过努力就能实现美国梦。

2.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.

【答案】Benjamin Franklin

【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。

3.Before his death,_____had gained a position as America’s first systematic philosopher.

【答案】Jonathan Edwards

【解析】乔纳森·爱德华兹（1703—1758）是美国“大觉醒”（the“Great Awakening”）的领军人物，他生前赢得了“美国第一位系统的哲学家”称号。其著名作品是《意志自由》（Freedom of the Will）。

4.Jonathan Edwards’work Images or Shadows of Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of_____in the19th century.

【答案】Transcendentalism

【解析】乔纳森·爱德华兹的作品《神灵的形影》（Images or Shadows of Divine Things）对19世纪的超验主义对象征主义的运用产生了很大的影响。

5.Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his_____and_____.

【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac,Autobiography

【解析】富兰克林在文学上的地位主要取决于《穷查理历书》和《自传》。

6.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.

【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。该书以平易的文风叙述了富兰克林艰苦创业、自学成才、坚持不懈的奋斗历程。

7.Franklin was the epitome of the_____,the versatile,practical embodiment of national man in the18th century.

【答案】Enlightenment

【解析】富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影，是18世纪理性的代表。

8.Eighteen-century America experienced an age of_____,of_____,and_____like England and Europe.

【答案】enlightenment,reason,order

【解析】18世纪的美国处于启蒙、理想、秩序的时代。

9.Many Puritans wrote verse,but the works of two writers,Anne Bradstreet and _____,rose to the level of real poetry.

【答案】Edward Taylor

【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特律和爱德华·泰勒。

10.18th century America was an age of Enlightenment._____was the spokesman of

it:people still believed that God was the center of the world,but they began to see the importance of man,of order and law.

【答案】Benjamin Franklin

【解析】《自传》充分说明了富兰克林是18世纪美国启蒙运动的代言人。他代表着，在美国，人本质是善良自由的，拥有上帝赋予的不可剥夺的自由及追求幸福的权力。

Ⅱ.Multiple Choice

1.The first symbol of self-made American man is_____.[北二外2009研]

A.George Washington

B.Washington Irving

C.Thomas Jefferson

D.Benjamin Franklin

【答案】D

【解析】富兰克林是第一个自力更生、白手起家的美国人的标志。

2.At the Reason and Revolution Period.Americans were influenced by the European movement called the_____.

A.Chartist Movement

B.Romanticist Movement

C.Enlightenment Movement

D.Modernist Movement

【答案】C

【解析】欧洲的启蒙运动对美国理性和独立革命时期产生了深远影响。

3.In American literature,the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _____was the dominant spirit.

A.Humanism

B.Rationalism

C.Revolution

D.Evolution

【答案】B

【解析】启蒙运动通常是指在18世纪初至1789年法国大革命间的一个新思维不断涌现的时代，与理性主义等一起构成一个较长的文化运动时期，所以法国启蒙运动时期被称为“理性时代”。18世纪的美国同样受到启蒙思想而影响，因而理性主义是这个时期美国文学的主导思想。

4.Jonathan Edwards’best and most representative sermon was_____.

A.A True Sight of Sin

B.Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

C.A Model of Christian Charity

D.God’s Determinations

【答案】B

【解析】美国神学家乔纳森·爱德华兹最具代表性的布道是《愤怒的上帝手中之罪人》（Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God）。

5.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of_____.

A.Thomas Hood

B.Benjamin Franklin

C.Thomas Jefferson

D.George Washington

【答案】B

【解析】作为美国财富和智慧的象征，美国人民把富兰克林的头像印在100美元纸钞的

正面。200多年来，这位智者的思想一直被那些希望拥有美德并过上富足生活的人们所遵循和实践着。他的个人生活和职业生涯代表了美国启蒙运动中世俗化的理想。

6.From1732to1758,Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous_____,an annual collection of proverbs.

A.The Autobiography

B.Poor Richard’s Almanac

https://www.360docs.net/doc/759343689.html,mon Sense

D.The General Magazine

【答案】B

【解析】《穷理查历书》（Poor Richard’s Almanac）它是由美国资本主义精神最完美的代表——本杰明·富兰克林所写。该出版物从1732年至1758年不断出现。它幽默、睿智、形式奇特，通篇贯彻着人类的智慧精华，书中的名言警句与人生箴言即使在现在看来也具有很积极的作用。

7.Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true?

A.He instructed his countrymen as a printer.

B.He was a scientist.

C.He was a master of diplomacy.

D.He was not a Puritan.

【答案】D

【解析】本杰明·富兰克林有一连串的头衔——作家，发明家，出版商，科学家，外交家。

他没有显赫的家世，没有富裕的生活，仅仅靠自己对宗教的虔诚，对教育的重视，生活的简朴，以及不屈的奋斗获得了在各个领域的成功，他是美国“清教主义”的杰出代表。所以选项D对本杰明·富兰克林的陈述显然是不对的。

8.Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the_____.

A.American Enlightenment

B.Sugar Act

C.Chartist movement

D.Romanticist

【答案】A

【解析】本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）(1706—1790)是18世纪美国最伟大的科学家和发明家，著名的政治家、外交家、哲学家、文学家和航海家以及美国独立战争的伟大领袖。他是美国启蒙运动的缩影。

9.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except_______.

A.William Pen

B.George Washington

C.Benjamin Franklin

D.Thomas Jefferson

【答案】A

【解析】美国的建国之父包括乔治·华盛顿、亚当·斯密、托马斯·杰弗逊、亚历山大·汉密尔顿、本杰明·富兰克林、约翰·杰伊、詹姆斯·麦迪逊。

Ⅲ.Explain the following term.

the literary form of autobiography[北二外2008研]

Key:the literary form of autobiography:An autobiography is a person’s account of his or her life.It is generally written in the first person,with the author speaking as “I”.Autobiography presents life events as the writer views them,and offers insights into the beliefs and perceptions of the author.Representative writer: Benjamin Franklin and his work:The Autobiography.

Ⅳ.Read the following quotations and answer the questions.

It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection.I wished to live without committing any fault at any time;I would conquer all that either natural inclination,custom,or company might lead me into. As I knew,or thought I knew,what was right and wrong,I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other.But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined.While my care was employed in guarding against one fault,I was often surprised by another;habit took the advantage of inattention;inclination was sometimes too strong for reason.I concluded,at length,that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping;and that the contrary habits must be broken,and good ones acquired and established,before we can have any dependence on a steady,uniform rectitude of conduct.For this

purpose I therefore contrived the following method.

In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading,I found the catalog more or less numerous,as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name.Temperance,for example,was by some confined to eating and drinking,while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure,appetite,inclination,or passion,bodily or mental,even to our avarice and ambition.I proposed to myself,for the sake of clearness,to use rather more names,with fewer ideas annexed to each,than a few names with more ideas; and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurred to me as necessary or desirable,and annexed to each a short precept,which fully expressed the extent I gave to its meaning.

Questions:

1.Which work is this passage taken from?

Key:Autobiography

2.Who is the author of this book?

Key:Benjamin Franklin

3.What is your understanding of the book?

Key:①the book is probably the first of its kind in literature.It is the simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity in which he was born,the faithful account of the colorful career of America’s first self-made man.The book contains four parts,written at different times.