OSPF协议及配置
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OSPF基本配置(Configuring Basic OSPF)
Router(config)#
router ospf process-id
• 启动路由进程 • Turns on one or more OSPF routing processes
Router(config-router)#
network address inverse-mask area [area-id]
• 用network命令ospf运行的接口,并将网络指定到特定的 区域 • Router OSPF subordinate command that defines the interfaces (by network number) that OSPF will run on. Each network number must be defined to a specific area.
增加链路状态条目 (Adding the Link-State Entries)
增加链路状态条目 (Adding the Link-State Entries)
维护路由信息 (Maintaining Routing Information)
•路由器用224.0.0.6通知DR •Router A notifies all OSPF DRs on 224.0.0.6
No
点到点链路(Point-to-Point Links)
•1.不进行DR选举
•No DR or BDR election required
•2. OSPF自动检测这种接口类型 • OSPF autodetects this interface type •
广播型多路访问网络 (Multiaccess Broadcast Network)
维护路由信息 (Maintaining Routing Information)
•DR利用组播地址224.0.0.5通知其它路由器
•DR notifies others on 224.0.0.5
维护路由信息 (Maintaining Routing Information)
维护路由信息 (Maintaining Routing Information)
环回接口(Loopback Interfaces)
Router(config)#
interface loopback 0
Router(config-if)#
ip address 172.16.17.5 255.255.255.255
• 如果ospf路由进程已经启动,必须重新清除ospf进程,新 的路由器ID才生效。 • If the OSPF process is already running, the OSPF process must be cleared before the new router-id command will take effect.
非广播Nonbroadcast Multiaccess
帧中继(Frame Relay)
Frame Relay X.25
Yes
点到点Point-to-Point
PPP, HDLC 管理员用子接口配置( Configured by administrator with subinterfaces)
No
点到多点Point-to-Multipoint
建立双向通信 (Establishing Bidirectional Communication)
查找网络路由 (Discovering the Network Routes)
查找网络路由 (Discovering the Network Routes)
增加链路状态条目 (Adding the Link-State Entries)
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Debug ip ospf adj
Debug ip ospf event
确定OSPF路由器ID(OSPF Router ID)
– 1. 通过router-id命令指定的最为优先 – An OSPF router-id command can override OSPF router ID. – 2. 最高的环回接口地址次之 – A loopback interface can override OSPF router ID. It is the highest IP address of any active loopback interface. – 3. 最后是最高活动的物理接口的IP地址 – the router ID is the highest IP address on an active interface at the moment of OSPF process startup. 为了稳定,命令或环回接口被推荐 The loopback or router-id command is recommended for stability.
• 1.进行DR选举 • DR and BDR selection required • 2.邻居只与DR和DBR形成邻接关系 •All neighbor routers form full adjacencies with the DR and BDR only •
选举DR和BDR(Electing the DR and BDR)
Router(config-if)# router ospf 1 Router(config-router)# router-id 172.16.1.1
显示路由器ID(OSPF Router ID Verification)
RouterA# show ip ospf Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 1.1.3.1 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs Number of DCbitless external LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge external LSA 0 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Area BACKBONE(0) (Active) Number of interfaces in this area is 2 Area has no authentication SPF algorithm executed 10 times Area ranges are Link State Update Interval is 00:30:00 and due in 0:07:16 Link State Age Interval is 00:20:00 and due in 00:07:15 Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
•The DR election is nonpreemptive.
设置接口优先级(Setting Interface Priority)
Router(config-if)# ip ospf priority number
• 1. 不同的接口可以指定不同的值 • Different interfaces on a router may be assigned different values. • 2. 接口优先级默认为1,取值范围是0-255 • The default priority is 1. The range is from 0 to 255. • 3. 接口优先级为0表示不参加DR选举 • 0 means the router is a DROTHER; it can’t be the DR or BDR.
OSPF router-id 命令 (OSPF router-id command)
Router(config-router)# router-id ip-address
• 这是路由进程下的子命令 • This command is subordinate to the router-id ospf command. • 用clear ip ospf process 命令可以使得配置生效。 • If this command is used on an OSPF process that is already active, then the new router ID is used at the next reload or at a manual OSPF process restart using the clear ip ospf process command.
OSPF配置实例(Configuring OSPF Example)
验证ospf配置(Verifying OSPF Operation)
show ip protocols
Show ip ospf neighbor
Show ip ospf database Show ip route Show ip ospf Show ip ospf interface
邻居关系(Neighborship)
*标记的在邻居路由器上必须匹配
建立双向通信 (Establishing Bidirectional Communication)
建立双向通信 (Establishing Bidirectional Communication)
建立双向通信 (Establishing Bidirectional Communication)
维护路由信息 (Maintaining Routing Information)
OSPF网络类型(OSPF Network Types)
Network Type
广播Broadcast Multiaccess
Characteristics
以太网(Ethernet)
DR/BDR Elected?
Yes
OSPF术语(OSPF Terminology)
OSPF数据包类型(OSPF Packet Types)
OSPF数据包头格式 (OSPF Packet Header Format)
OSPF操作(OSPF Operation)
•
1. 建立邻接关系
Establish router adjacencies 2. 必要的进行DR选举 Elect the DR / BDR ( if necessary ) 3. 发现路由 Discover routes 4.选择相应的路由 Select appropriate routes 5. 维护路由信息 Maintain routing information
•1.最高接口优先级的路由器被选成DR • The router with the highest OSPF priority is selected as the DR. •2.最高路由器ID的路由器被选举成DR • Use the OSPF router ID as the tie breaker. • 3.DR选举不具有抢占性
OSPF协议及配置
链路状态协议(Link-State Protocols)
OSPF概述(OSPF Overview)
分层设计(Hierarchical Design )
• 1.大的OSPF网络采用分层设计,所有区域连接到主干区 域。 • Large OSPF networks use a hierarchical design. Multiple areas connect to a distribution area, area 0, also called the backbone. • 2.好处(benefit): (1)减少路由更新(reduces routing overhead) (2) 加速收敛(speeds up convergence) (3)限制不稳定到一个区域(confines network instability to an area ) (4)提高网络性能(improves performance)