南开大学人体解剖学(骨外)2017年考博真题试卷
中山大学人体解剖学A2017年考博真题试卷
中山
中山大学
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:人体解剖学A 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
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一、简答题 1.胸膜的神经分布,胸膜炎时为何会引起胸痛和颈肩痛? 2.急性化脓性阑尾炎为什么会引起肝脓肿? .舌的神经分布和功能。 4.闭孔神经的走形,支配。 5.鼻烟窝的组成和内容。 二、综述题 1.常见的与罕见疝的名称,位置,简述可能的原因 2.左心房的血栓脱落后,出现右侧偏瘫,偏身感觉障碍和失语①栓子脱落后的 走行路径②栓塞的动脉名称③解释上述病理症的原因 3.颈动脉三角的组成,内容和意义 4.直肠的位置和毗邻 5.脑屏障,基本组成,有何意义? 6.腋窝淋巴结的分组,位置,收纳范围,清扫时注意保护何种神经,损伤后会出 现何种症状?
医学考博--普外专业真题系列资料
医学考博--普外专业真题系列资料第三军医大学2013年外科专业基础之人体解剖真题名词解释:胸骨角纵隔膜迷路动脉韧带肺段简答脑屏障的主要特点喉的结构,运动及功能的关系胆汁的产生,排出的主要特点问答皮质核束的主要特点内脏传导通路的主要特点迷走神经的主要特点腰丛的主要特点2013年中山大学外科学博士外科学试题(骨科部分)一、必答题:1.糖皮质激素运用于治疗感染性休克的机制是什么?2.胃癌腹腔镜治疗的禁忌症?3、黑色素瘤的临床特点?4. 糖尿病术前重点评估指标和围手术期血糖处理原则?5. AFP,CEA,PSA,CA199,CA125的中文名称是什么?用于检测什么肿瘤?6.防止术后伤口裂开的预防措施有哪些?7、先天性胆总管扩张的分型?8、食管静脉曲张的非手术治疗措施?喷门周围血管离断术为什么能治疗此疾病?9、低渗性缺水的病因?2013年南方医科大学外科学专业普通外科学真题(绝对真实)第一部分外科学总论(共28分)一、名词解释(每题2分,共8分)1、痈2、SIRS3、三期愈合4、急性肾衰竭二、简答题(每题5分,共20分)1、无菌术是什么,有何内容,灭菌和消毒的区别2、代谢性酸中毒的治疗原则3、肠外营养的指征4、肿瘤共同的临床表现三、问答题(共6题,每题8分,选答4题)1、腹主动脉瘤的五大症状?2、腹部损伤行损伤控制性手术的三个阶段?3、腹腔间隔室综合征的五大减压措施或手段?4、腹股沟直疝与腹股沟斜疝手术中唯一鉴别的解剖学基础?5、腹腔镜胆囊切除术的术后并发症?6、多吉美(索拉菲尼)治疗原发性肝癌的原理?四、论述题(共4题,选答两题,每题20分)1、急性乳腺炎的发病机制?如何治疗?2、原发性腹膜炎发生的细菌入侵四大途径?并举例说明。
(说明:下面两个题为病例分析题,只能写个大概,确实没办法一字一句的记下来,有不对的请大家补充)3、左肝原发性肝癌(具体位置确实记不清了)患者,全麻下行腹腔镜下左肝叶部分切除,术中气腹压力维持在15mHg,手术中发生肝左静脉破裂,出血约1100ml,止血后约5分钟出现心率下降,血压下降等,立即撤除气腹,抢救3小时患者死亡。
重庆医科大学骨外科学2017年考博真题试卷
5.脊柱三柱概念及意义。ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
二、论述题(50分)
1.股骨头坏死分期及治疗。
2.骨不连的原因及骨生长因子的研究进展。
3.脊柱侧弯的分类及治疗。
4.腰椎管狭窄的分类及诊断治疗。
重庆医科大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
重庆医科大学
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:骨外科学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简答题(50分)
1.骨组织工程级种子细胞的研究进展。
2.髋关节置换术后松动原因。
3.老年人轻微外伤致严重骨折的原因诊断治疗要点。
2017年医学博士外语真题试卷一(精选).doc
2017年医学博士外语真题试卷一(精选)(总分:126.00,做题时间:90分钟)1.Section A(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medical help to______ the problem.(分数:2.00)A.affiliateB.alleviateC.aggravateD.accelerate3.An allergy results when the body have a(n)______reaction to certain substances introduced to it.(分数:2.00)A.spontaneousB.negativeC.adverseD.prompt4.Diabetes is one of the most______and potentially dangerous diseases in the world.(分数:2.00)A.crucialB.virulentC.colossalD.prevalent5.Generally, vaccine makers______the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a process that can take four to six months.(分数:2.00)A.penetrateB.designateC.generateD.exaggerate6.Drinking more water is good for the rest of your body, helping to lubricate jointsand______toxins and impurities.(分数:2.00)A.screen outB.knock outC.flush outD.rule out7.Despite their good service provided, most inns are less expensive than hotels of______standards.(分数:2.00)A.equivalentB.likelyC.alikeD.uniform8.Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have______effects on bones.(分数:2.00)A.adverseB.prevalentC.instantD.purposeful9.According to the Geneva______no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.(分数:2.00)A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines10.Environmental officials insist that something be done to______acid rain.(分数:2.00)A.curbB.sueC.detoxifyD.condemn11.It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen______, and it will not be a long process.(分数:2.00)A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.principallyD.approximately12.Section B(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________13.The patient's condition has worsened since last night.(分数:2.00)A.improvedB.returnedC.deterioratedD.changed14.Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at night when it's lit up .(分数:2.00)A.decoratedB.illustratedC.illuminatedD.entertained15.Because of adverse weather conditions, the travelers stopped to camp.(分数:2.00)A.localB.unfamiliarC.goodD.unfavorablerm the manager if you are on medication that makes you drowsy .(分数:2.00)A.uneasyB.sleepyC.guiltyD.fiery17.The period from 3, 000 to 1, 000 B. C. E. , when the use of bronze became common , is normally referred to as the Bronze Age.(分数:2.00)A.obviousB.significantC.necessaryD.widespread18.Diabetes is one of the most prevalent and potentially dangerous diseases in the world.(分数:2.00)A.crucialB.virulentC.colossalD.widespread19.Likewise , soot and smoke from fire contain a multitude of carcinogens.(分数:2.00)A.a matter ofB.a body ofC.plenty ofD.sort of20.Many questions about estrogen's effects remain to be elucidated , and investigations are seeking answers through ongoing laboratory and clinical studies.(分数:2.00)A.implicatedB.impliedC.illuminatedD.initiated21.The defect occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understands why.(分数:2.00)A.faultB.deviationC.discretionD.discrepancy22.The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for this case can be rather difficult.(分数:2.00)A.sufficientB.plentifulC.adequateD.countable三、PartⅢ Cloze(总题数:1,分数:20.00)It was the kind of research that gave insight into how flu strains could mutate so quickly. (One theory behind the 1918 version's sudden demise after wreaking so much devastation was that it mutated to a nonlethal form. ) The same branch of research concluded in 2005 that the 1918 flu started in birds before passing to humans. Parsing this animal-human【C1】______could provide clues to【C2】______the next potential superflu, which already has a name: H5N1, also known as avian flu or bird flu. This potential killer also has a number: 59 percent. According to the World Health Organization, nearly three-fifths of the people who【C3】______H5N1 since 2003 died from the virus, which was first reported【C4】______humans in Hong Kong in 1997 before a more serious 【C5】______occurred in Southeast Asia between 2003 and 2004. (It has since spread to Africa and Europe. ) Some researchers argue that those mortality numbers are exaggerated because WHO only 【C6】______cases in which victims are sick enough to go to the hospital for treatment【C7】______compare that to the worldwide mortality rate of the 1918 pandemic; it may have killed roughly50 million people, but that was only 10 percent of the number of people infected, according toa 2006 estimate. H5N1's saving grace — and the only reason we're not running around masked up in public right now — is that the strain doesn't jump from birds to humans, or from humans to humans, easily. There have been just over 600 cases (and 359 deaths) since 2003. But【C8】______its lethality, and the chance it could turn into something far more transmissible, one might expect H5N1 research to be exploding, with labs【C9】______the virus's molecular components to understand how it spreads between animals and【C10】______to humans, and hoping to discover a vaccine that could head off a pandemic.(分数:20.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.interactB.interfaceC.connectionD.contamination(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.stoppingB.stoppedC.have stoppedD.stop(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.contactedB.contractedC.concentratedD.infected(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.onB.inC.ofD.with(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.breakoutB.take placeC.happenD.outbreak(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.accountsB.numbersC.countsD.takes(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.MoreoverB.StillC.FurthermoreD.Thereafter(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.givenB.givingC.to giveD.speaking of(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.parsingB.parsedC.to parseD.having parsed(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.presentlyB.potentiallyC.potentlyD.importantly四、PartⅣ Reading Compre(总题数:6,分数:60.00)If you are reading this article, antibiotics have probably saved your life—and not once but several times. A rotten tooth, a knee operation, a brush with pneumonia; any number of minor infections that never turned nasty. You may not remember taking the pills, so unremarkable havethese one-time wonder drugs become. Modern medicine relies on antibiotics — not just to cure diseases, but to augment the success of surgery, childbirth and cancer treatments. Yet now health authorities are warning, in uncharacteristically apocalyptic terms, that the era of antibiotics is about to end. In some ways, bacteria are continually evolving to resist the drugs. But in the past we've always developed new ones that killed them again. Not this time. Infections that once succumbed to everyday antibiotics now require last-resort drugs with unpleasant side effects. Others have become so difficult to treat that they kill some 25, 000 Europeans yearly. And some bacteria now resist every known antibiotic. Regular readers will know why: New Scientist has reported warnings about this for years. We have misused antibiotics appallingly, handing them out to humans like medicinal candy and feeding them to livestock by the tonne, mostly not for health reasons but to make meat cheaper. Now antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be found all over the world — not just in medical facilities, but everywhere from muddy puddles in India to the snows of Antarctica (南极洲) . How did we reach this point without viable successors to today's increasingly ineffectual drugs? The answer lies not in evolution but economics. Over the past 20 years, nearly every major pharmaceutical company has abandoned antibiotics. Companies must make money, and there isn't much in short-term drugs that should be used sparingly. So researchers have discovered promising candidates, but can't reach into the deep pockets needed to develop them. This can be fixed. As we report this week, regulatory agencies, worried medical bodies and Big Pharma are finally hatching ways to remedy this market failure. Delinking profits from the volume of drug sold (by adjusting patent rights, say, or offering prizes for innovation) has worked for other drugs, and should work for antibiotics — although there may be a worryingly long wait before they reach the market. One day, though, these will fall to resistance too. Ultimately, we need, evolution-proof cures for bacterial infection: treatments that stop bacteria from causing disease, but don't otherwise inconvenience the little blighters. When resisting drugs confers no selective advantage, drugs will stop breeding resistance. Researchers have a couple of candidates for such treatment. But they fear regulators will drag their feet over such radical approaches. That, too, can be fixed. We must not neglect development of the sustainable medicine we need, the way we have neglected simple antibiotic R&D. If we do, one day another top doctor will be telling us that the drugs no longer work—and there really will be no help on the way.(分数:10.00)(1).In the first paragraph, the author is trying to______.(分数:2.00)A.warn us against the rampant abuse of antibiotics everywhereB.suggest a course of action to reduce antibiotic resistanceC.tell us a time race between humans and bacteriaD.remind us of the universal benefit of antibiotics(2).The warning from health authorities implies that______.(分数:2.00)A.the pre-antibiotic era will returnB.the antibiotic crisis is about to repeatC.the wonder drugs are a double-edged swordD.the development of new antibiotics is too slow(3).The appalling misuse of antibiotics, according to the passage, ______.(分数:2.00)A.has developed resistant bacteria worldwideB.has been mainly practiced for health reasonsC.has been seldom reported as a warning in the worldD.has been particularly worsened in the developing countries(4).The market failure refers to______.(分数:2.00)A.the inability to develop more powerful antibioticsB.the existing increasingly ineffectual drugs in the marketC.the poor management of the major pharmaceutical companiesD.the deprived investment in developing new classes of antibiotics(5).During the presentation of the two solutions, the author carries a tone of______.(分数:2.00)A.doubtB.urgencyC.indifferenceD.helplessnessWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.(分数:10.00)(1).The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children______.(分数:2.00)A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced(2).The child in the nursery______.(分数:2.00)A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD.always feels the world around him is warm and friendly(3).The encouragement of children to achieve new skills______.(分数:2.00)A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes(4).Jigsaw puzzles are______.(分数:2.00)A.too difficult for childrenB.a kind of building-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation(5).Parental controls and discipline______.(分数:2.00)A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the child's happinessFor 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet, even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground. With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the Sun's output without being impeded by the Earth's atmosphere. Solar Max, a satellite from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has been measuring the Sun's output since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellite's control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space shuffle in 1984. Max's observations indicate that the solar constant is not really constant after all. The satellite's instruments have detected frequent, small variations in the Sun's energy output, generally amounting to no more than 0. 05 percent of the Sun's mean energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the Sun's disk. Sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Sun's surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2, 000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of large sunspot groups. In 1980, for example, Solar Max's instruments registered a 0. 3 percent drop in the solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0. 6 percent of the solar disk, an area 20 times larger than the Earth's surface. Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although Solar Max's data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Sun's output. Some scientists have thought that the satellite's aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed, however, by comparing solar Max's observations with data from a similar instrument operating on NASA's Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.(分数:10.00)(1).According to the passage, scientists believe variations in the solar constant are related to______.(分数:2.00)A.sunspot activityB.unusual weather patternsC.increased levels of dustD.fluctuations in the Earth's temperature(2).Why is it not possible to measure the solar constant accurately without a satellite?(分数:2.00)A.The Earth is too far from the Sun.B.Some areas on Earth receive more solar energy than others.C.There is not enough sunlight during the day.D.The Earth's atmosphere interferes with the sunlight.(3).Why did scientists think that Solar Max might be giving unreliable information?(分数:2.00)A.Solar Max did not work for the first few years.B.Solar Max's instruments were getting old.C.The space shuttle could not fix Solar Max's instruments.D.Nimbus 7 interfered with Solar Max's detectors.(4).The attempt to describe the solar constant can best be described as______.(分数:2.00)A.an ongoing research effortB.a question that can never be answeredC.an issue that has been resolvedD.historically interesting, but irrelevant to contemporary concerns(5).What does this passage mainly discuss?(分数:2.00)A.The components of the Earth's atmosphere,B.The launching of a weather satellite.C.The measurement of variations in the solar constant.D.The interaction of sunlight and air pollution.Optical illusions are like magic, thrilling us because of their capacity to reveal the fallibility of our senses. But there's more to them than that, according to Dr. Beau Lotto, who is wowing the scientific world with work that crosses the boundaries of art, neurology, natural history and philosophy. What they reveal, he says, is that the whole world is the creation of our brain. What we see, what we hear, feel and what we think we know is not a photographic reflection of the world, but an instantaneous unthinking calculation as to what is the most useful way of seeing the world. It's a best guess based on the past experience of the individual, a long evolutionary past that has shaped the structure of our brains. The world is literally shaped by our pasts. Dr. Lotto, 40, an American who is a reader in neuroscience at University College London, has set out to prove it in stunning visual illusions, sculptures and installations, which have been included in art-science exhibitions. He explains his complex ideas from the starting point of visual illusions, which far from revealing how fragile our senses are show how remarkably robust they are at providing a picture of the world that serves a purpose to us. For centuries, artists and scientists have noted that a grey dot looks lighter against a dark background than being against a light background. The conventional belief was that it was because of some way the brain and eye is intrinsically wired. But Dr. Lotto believes it's a learnt response; in other words, we see the world not as it is but as it is useful to us. "Context is everything, because our brains have evolved to constantly re-define normality, " says Dr. Lotto. "What we see is defined by our own experiences of the past, but also by what the human race has experienced through its history, " This is illustrated by the fact that different cultures and communities have different viewpoints of the world, conditioned over generations. For example, Japanese people have a famous inability to distinguish between the "R" and the "L" sound. This arises because in Japanese the sounds are totally interchangeable. "Differentiating between them has never been useful, so the brain has never learnt to do it. It's not just that Japanese people find it hard to tell the difference. They literally cannot hear the difference. " Dr. Lotto's experiments are grounding more and more hypotheses in hard science. "Yes, my work is idea-driven, " he says. "But lots of research, such as MRI brain scanning, is technique-driven. I don't believe you can understand the brain by taking it out of its natural environment and looking at it in a laboratory. You have to look at what it evolved to do, and look at it in relationship to its ecology. "(分数:10.00)(1).What does the word "them" in the first paragraph refer to?(分数:2.00)A.Human senses.B.The fallibility of senses.C.Revealing capacity.D.Optical illusions.(2).According to the passage, what is known about Dr. Beau Lotto?(分数:2.00)A.Though he is a neuroscientist, he has shocked the scientific world with his extensive research in art, neurology, natural history and philosophy.B.Dr. Lotto is a professor at University College London who is specialized in a number of disciplines such as art, neurology, natural history and philosophy.C.Dr. Lotto has been attempting to exhibit his creative productions in art-science exhibitions in the hope of proving his idea on optical illusions.D.Dr. Lotto has set out to create visual illusions, sculptures and installations which well combined the knowledge of art, neurology, natural history and philosophy.(3).Which of the following statements can be inferred from Dr. Lotto's study?(分数:2.00)A.People should believe their brains rather than their eyes as the world, to a great measure, is created and shaped by human brain.B.People should never believe their senses for what they see, hear, feel, and the truth may be contrary to the photographic image of the world.C.People should never believe their eyes for what they see are only accidental and temporary forms of the world, which varies in accordance with contexts.D.People should be aware that their eyes can play tricks on them as what they see is actually created by their brains which are shaped by their past experiences.(4).According to Dr. Lotto, what is the reason for the fact that a grey dot looks lighter againsta dark background than being against a light background?(分数:2.00)A.It is a fact that the dot emerged to be lighter against a dark background than being against a light one.B.Human senses are remarkably robust at providing a picture of the world that serves a purpose to us through what they have learnt from past experiences.C.It is because of some way the brain and eye is intrinsically wired.D.Because the context in which the little dot placed has changed to be lighter.(5).Which of the following statements is true about the research in neuroscience?(分数:2.00)A.Investigation on the brain involves scrutinizing a network in which both environment and the brain itself function together.B.Both idea-driven and technique-driven are popular research methods in research study in neuroscience.C.People cannot carry out research study on brain in laboratory where it is isolated from human body.D.Brain can be investigated in isolation with other faculties and organs as long as the research is carried out in proper natural context.The biggest thing in operating rooms these days is a million-dollar, multi-armed robot named da Vinci, used in nearly 400, 000 surgeries nationwide last year—triple the number just four years earlier. But now the high-tech helper is under scrutiny over reports of problems, including several deaths that may be linked with it and the high cost of using the robotic system. There also have been a few disturbing, freak incidents: a robotic hand that wouldn't let go of tissue grasped during surgery and a robotic arm hitting a patient in the face as she lay on the operating table. Is it time to curb the robot enthusiasm? Some doctors say yes, concerned that the "wow" factor and heavy marketing have boosted use. They argue that there is not enough robust research showing that robotic surgery is at least as good or better than conventional surgeries. Many U. S. hospitals promote robotic surgery in patient brochures, online and even on highway billboards. Their aim is partly to attract business that helps pay for the costly robot. The da Vinci is used for operations that include removing prostates, gallbladders and wombs, repairing heart valves, shrinking stomachs and transplanting organs. Its use has increased worldwide, but the system is most popular in the United States. For surgeons, who control the robot while sitting at a computer screen rather than standing over the patient, these operations can be less tiring. Plus robothands don't shake. Advocates say patients sometimes have less bleeding and often are sent home sooner than with conventional laparoscopic surgeries and operations involving large incisions. But the Food and Drug Administration is looking into a spike in reported problems during robotic surgeries. Earlier this year, the FDA began a survey of surgeons using the robotic system. The agency conducts such surveys of devices routinely, but FDA spokeswoman Synim Rivers said the reason for it now "is the increase in number of reports received" about da Vinci. Reports filed since early last year include at least five deaths. Whether there truly are more problems recently is uncertain. Rivers said she couldn't quantify the increase and that it may simply reflect more awareness among doctors and hospitals about the need to report problems. Doctors aren't required to report such things; device makers and hospitals are. Company spokesman Geoff Curtis said Intuitive Surgical has physician-educators and other trainers who teach surgeons how to use the robot. But they don't train them how to do specific procedures robotically, he said, and that it's up to hospitals and surgeons to decide "if and when a surgeon is ready to perform robotic cases. " A 2010 New England Journal of Medicine essay by a doctor and a health policy analyst said surgeons must do at least 150 procedures to become adept at using the robotic system. But there is no expert consensus on how much training is needed. New Jersey banker Alexis Grattan did a lot of online research before her gallbladder was removed last month at Hackensack University Medical Center. She said the surgeon's many years of experience with robotic operations was an important factor. She also had heard that the surgeon was among the first to do the robotic operation with just one small incision in the belly button, instead of four cuts in conventional keyhole surgery.(分数:10.00)(1).Why did FDA begin to scrutinize da Vinci?(分数:2.00)A.The number used in operation has been tripled.B.It is too expensive.C.It is reported to have frequent mechanical breakdown.wsuits increase with death case reports.(2).According to some doctors, which of the following is NOT the reason to curb the enthusiasm for da Vinci?(分数:2.00)A.The high cost causes unreasonable marketing.B.It is not as good as traditional surgeries.C.It needs more statistics to prove its value.D.It is necessary for doctors to consider some problems.(3).What does FDA spokeswoman Synim Rivers mean?(分数:2.00)A.Doctors and hospitals should be responsible for those problems.B.It is doctors that think da Vinci robots are problematic.C.There are so many problems reports that FDA has to do an enquiry.D.FDA hasn't finished the previous enquiry about the surgeons who used robots.(4).What is correct about training according to the Geoff Curtis?(分数:2.00)A.A lack of sufficient training on the part of surgeons.B.A lack of sufficient training on the part of company.C.Doctors and hospitals are not sufficiently trained on specific procedures.D.Doctors and hospitals are not sufficiently trained on how to used robots.(5).What is the best title for this passage?(分数:2.00)A.Four Hands Better than Two?B.Too Good to Be TrueC.Smart RobotsD.Who Is the Killer?Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by。
局部解剖学模考试题(附参考答案)
局部解剖学模考试题(附参考答案)一、单选题(共83题,每题1分,共83分)1.胃癌和食管下部癌首先转移累及A、角淋巴结B、Virchow淋巴结C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:B2.关于腮腺的叙述,下列哪项是正确的A、分为浅、峡、深三部B、其下端平下颌角水平C、由颈筋膜深层包被形成浅层薄弱、深层致密的腮腺鞘D、其深部前缘发出腮腺管E、以上都不对正确答案:B3.分布于臂内侧下部皮肤的神经是A、臂外侧上皮神经B、肋间臂神经C、臂内侧皮神经D、臂外侧下皮神经E、前臂内侧皮神经正确答案:C4.上颌神经穿过A、海绵窦B、眶上裂C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:A5.腓深神经损伤将导致下列肌肉瘫痪A、腓肠区的肌肉B、小腿前群肌肉C、内收肌群D、小腿外侧群肌肉E、腘绳肌正确答案:B6.包绕下颌下腺和腮腺A、颈筋膜浅层B、颈浅筋膜C、气管前筋膜D、颈动脉鞘E、椎前筋膜正确答案:A7.关于坐骨神经以下概念不对A、通常从梨状肌下缘出盆B、经坐骨结节与大转子之间沿股后中线下行C、手术中,其外侧缘是危险侧,内侧缘是安全侧D、在臀大肌下缘与股二头机长头外侧缘夹角处走在最表浅E、通常有发自臀下动脉的意支营养动脉伴行正确答案:C8.肝静脉注入下腔静脉处称A、第三肝门B、肝镰状韧带下缘内C、第二肝门D、下腔静脉E、第一肝门正确答案:C9.对小网膜的描述,错误的是A、连于膈、肝静脉韧带裂和肝门与胃小弯和十二指肠上部之间B、由双层腹膜形成C、其左侧部称肝胃韧带D、其右侧部称肝十二指肠韧带E、胃网膜左、右血管走行于小网膜两层之间正确答案:E10. thoracic ductA、在后纵隔内左侧为奇静脉B、在上纵隔后方有左锁骨下动脉C、在后纵隔内右侧为食管D、在上纵隔内左侧为食管和左喉返神经E、经膈主动脉裂孔入后纵隔正确答案:E11. 关于坐骨肛门窝的叙述,正确的是A、位于肛管后方B、外侧壁为盆膈和肛门外括约肌C、内侧壁为闭孔内肌及其筋膜D、窝尖由盆膈上筋膜与闭孔筋膜汇合而成E、内有阴部内血管与阴部神经通过正确答案:D12. 尿道膜部破裂A、尿外渗至会阴深隙B、尿外渗至会阴浅隙C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:A13.肝静脉A、在脾肾韧带内汇合成主干B、注入下腔静脉C、斜过下腔静脉的前方D、后方有右肾静脉E、后方隔网膜孔与下腔静脉相邻正确答案:B14.位于脾结肠韧带内的结构是A、胰尾B、脾静脉C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:D15.对胃脾韧带的描述,错误的是A、由胃大弯左侧部连于脾门B、为双层腹膜结构C、其内胰尾D、其上份内有胃短血管E、其下份含胃网膜左动、静脉正确答案:C16. 胸内筋膜A、脊柱两侧不发达,难以分离B、此膜与壁胸膜紧密相贴C、是一层疏松的结缔组织膜D、向上覆盖于胸膜顶上部并增厚称胸膜上膜,对胸膜顶有固定和保护作用E、向下覆盖于膈的上面,称为膈筋膜正确答案:D17. 关于子宫动脉的叙述,正确的是A、走行于输尿管的后方B、有分支供应输卵管C、行于子宫阔韧带前面D、紧贴子宫下行E、有分支供应膀胱正确答案:B18. 关于肋间神经的节段性分布,错误的是A、第6肋间神经分布于剑胸结合平面B、第2肋间神经分布于胸骨角平面C、根据皮神经的分布可判断麻醉平面和诊断脊髓损伤节段D、第4肋间神经至乳头平面E、第8肋间神经至脐平面正确答案:E19.胃的静脉回流A、均注入肠系膜上静脉B、均注入肠系膜下静脉C、均注入脾静脉D、注入肝门静脉系统E、直接注入下腔静脉正确答案:D20.升结肠后面的毗邻结构不包括A、右肾下极B、输尿管C、髂肌D、髂腹下神经E、腰方肌正确答案:A21.脊髓被膜和脊膜腔隙A、脊髓的表面包有三层被膜B、各层膜间及硬脊膜与椎管骨膜间均存在腔隙C、脊膜腔隙由外向内依次有硬膜外隙、硬膜下隙和蛛网膜下隙D、椎内静脉丛位于硬膜外隙E、以上都对正确答案:E22. 上方为奇静脉弓A、右肺根B、左肺根C、左迷走神经D、食管下三角E、食管上三角正确答案:A23.其后面有脾静脉通过的结构是A、胰体B、胰管C、胰头D、胰尾E、胰颈正确答案:A24.位于十二指肠水平部下方的结构是A、右输尿管、下腔静脉和腹主动脉B、肠系膜上动、静脉C、小肠袢D、胆总管E、胰头正确答案:C25. 关于输精管的叙述,正确的是A、越过髂内血管入盆腔B、在膀胱外侧越过输尿管前内侧C、在膀胱外侧经过输尿管后内侧D、输精管壶腹位于精囊外侧E、经髂外血管后方入盆腔正确答案:B26.左侧输尿管下行于A、腰方肌前方B、左生殖腺血管的前方C、十二指肠空肠曲的后方D、小肠系膜根的后方E、以上都不对正确答案:C27.胃网膜右动脉行经A、胃膈韧带内B、胃脾韧带内C、大网膜前两层腹膜间D、肝胃韧带内E、小网膜两层腹膜间正确答案:C28.由胸锁乳突肌上份前缘.肩胛舌骨肌上腹和二腹肌后腹围成A、枕三角B、颈动脉三角C、椎动脉三角D、下颌下三角E、颏下三角正确答案:B29.腹股沟管内口称A、腹股沟管后壁B、腹股沟镰C、腹股沟管深环D、腹股沟韧带E、腱划正确答案:C30.发出肾上腺上动脉A、骶正中动脉B、膈下动脉C、脾动脉D、睾丸(卵巢)动脉E、腰动脉正确答案:B31.颏下三角深面的肌肉是A、舌骨舌肌B、下颌舌骨肌C、胸骨舌骨肌D、茎突舌骨肌E、肩胛舌骨肌正确答案:B32.不位于脾肾韧带内的结构是A、脾静脉B、左肾静脉C、淋巴结D、脾动脉E、胰尾正确答案:B33.结肠带、肠脂垂、结肠袋存在于A、肛管B、阑尾C、小肠D、结肠E、直肠正确答案:D34. 下行至尾骨处汇合于奇神经节A、上腹下丛B、骶交感干C、盆丛D、骶丛E、盆内脏神经正确答案:B35. 注入胸骨旁淋巴结A、乳房深部的淋巴管B、乳房内侧部的一部分淋巴管C、乳房内下部的淋巴管D、乳房上部的淋巴管E、乳房外侧部和中央部的淋巴管正确答案:B36.股鞘内有A、股动脉、股静脉、腹股沟深淋巴结B、股动脉、股静脉、闭孔神经C、股动脉、股静脉、腹股沟浅淋巴结D、股动脉、股静脉、大隐静脉E、股动脉、股静脉、股神经正确答案:A37.枕下神经A、第l颈神经的后支B、第2颈神经的后支C、第3颈神经的后支D、第4颈神经的后支E、以上都不对正确答案:A38.关于肩胛动脉网的描述,错误的是A、有旋肩胛动脉参与B、有肩胛上动脉参与C、是锁骨下动脉与腋动脉分支间的吻合D、有肩胛背动脉参与E、有旋肱后动脉参与正确答案:E39. 关于肛门内括约肌的叙述,正确的是A、不参与构成肛直肠环B、分为皮下部、浅部和深部C、由肛管壁的环形平滑肌增厚形成D、前份参与组成会阴中心腱,后份附于尾骨尖E、有控制排便的作用正确答案:C40.发出胃右动脉A、肝固有动脉B、胆总管C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:A41.腋动脉第2段的后方有A、臂丛内侧束B、腋静脉C、臂丛后束D、肌皮神经E、臂丛外侧束正确答案:C42.由颈长肌外侧缘.前斜角肌内侧缘和锁骨下动脉第一段围成A、下颌下三角B、颈动脉三角C、椎动脉三角D、颏下三角E、枕三角正确答案:C43.椎动脉三角A、由前斜角肌.颈长肌和锁骨下动脉第一段围成B、由前斜角肌.颈长肌和锁骨下动脉第二段围成C、由前斜角肌.颈长肌和锁骨下动脉第三段围成D、由中斜角肌.颈长肌和锁骨下动脉第二段围成E、由中斜角肌.颈长肌和锁骨下动脉第一段围成正确答案:A44.不与十二指肠上部相毗邻的结构是A、胆总管B、胰头C、肝门静脉D、胃十二指肠动脉E、胃底正确答案:E45.左肾的毗邻不包括A、腰大肌B、脾C、髂肌D、肾上腺E、胰腺正确答案:C46.肾上腺A、包于肾筋膜内B、右肾上腺的前面上部与网膜囊和胃相邻C、包于肾纤维囊内D、左侧为三角形E、右侧为半月形正确答案:A47. 有水平裂A、左肺B、右肺C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:B48.垂体窝的底仅隔一薄层骨壁与下列哪个结构相邻A、上颌窦B、上鼻道C、蝶筛隐窝D、蝶窦E、以上均否正确答案:D49.构成腹股沟管上壁A、腹内斜肌B、腹横肌C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:C50.没有进入腹直肌鞘内的结构是A、第7~11肋间神经B、腹壁下动脉C、肋下神经D、腹壁上动脉E、髂腹下神经正确答案:E51.关于甲状腺下动脉的描述,错误的是A、经颈动脉鞘前方至甲状腺侧叶下极B、至环状软骨平面弯向下内C、是甲状颈干的分支D、在甲状腺侧叶下极后方与喉返神经交叉E、沿前斜角肌内侧缘上行正确答案:A52.支配拇收肌的神经是A、桡神经深支B、尺神经浅支C、正中神经返支D、桡神经浅支E、尺神经深支正确答案:E53. 齿状线以上的肛管A、接受阴部神经的肛神经支配B、静脉回流到肠系膜上静脉C、接受交感和副交感神经支配D、淋巴回流入腹股沟浅淋巴结E、由直肠上动脉供给正确答案:C54. 胸前、外侧区肌由胸肌和部分腹肌组成,由浅至深可分为四层A、第一层为胸大肌、腹外斜肌和腹直肌上部B、第四层为胸横肌和肋间肌C、第一层为胸大肌、腹外斜肌和前锯肌D、第三层是肋间肌和胸小肌E、第二层为锁骨下肌、肋间肌和胸小肌正确答案:A55.收集椎体和附近肌肉的静脉血A、椎内静脉丛B、椎外静脉丛C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:C56.胆总管和胰管共同开口于A、十二指肠升部B、十二指肠空肠曲C、十二指肠水平部D、十二指肠上部近侧段E、十二指肠降部正确答案:E57.海绵窦A、有滑车神经、面神经通过B、不属于硬脑膜窦C、有颈总动脉通过D、有动眼神经、面神经通过E、有动眼神经、展神经通过正确答案:E58.源于颈外动脉,进入颅内的动脉是A、面动脉B、颞浅动脉C、枕动脉D、脑膜中动脉E、颈内动脉正确答案:D59.进出肝门的结构是A、胆囊管B、肝总管C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:D60. 阴茎深悬韧带A、由结缔组织和平滑肌纤维构成B、内有动脉经过C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:D61.由臂丛锁骨上部发出的神经是A、肩胛下神经B、桡神经C、腋神经D、胸长神经E、胸背神经正确答案:D62.有关胸腰筋膜的描述,错误的是A、深层位于腰方肌的前面B、中层与深层形成竖脊肌鞘C、浅层位于竖脊肌的表面D、中层位于竖脊肌与腰方肌之间E、浅层与中层形成竖脊肌鞘正确答案:B63.沿胸外侧血管排列的腋淋巴结是A、中央淋巴结B、尖淋巴结C、胸肌淋巴结D、肩胛下淋巴结E、外侧淋巴结D正确答案:C64.胰A、胰头位于第1腰椎右前方B、横过第3、4腰椎的前方C、属腹膜间位器官D、位于右季肋区和腹上区E、居网膜囊之后正确答案:E65. 从胸骨侧缘向后至肋角处接肋间内膜A、肋间后动脉B、肋间内肌C、肋间神经D、肋间最内肌E、肋间外肌正确答案:B66.十二指肠悬肌A、从十二指肠空肠曲上面连至右膈脚B、位于横结肠系膜根的上方C、由腹后壁的腹膜形成D、内含十二指肠上动脉的起始部E、从十二指肠空肠曲上面连至左膈脚正确答案:A67.属于结肠下区器官的是A、胃B、脾C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:D68.注入贵要静脉的是A、肘正中静脉B、胸上静脉C、胸外侧静脉D、头静脉E、肱静脉正确答案:A69.关于阑尾的描述,错误的是A、阑尾的远端是盲端B、其近端开口于回盲瓣下方2~3厘米C、阑尾的位置可由于盲肠异位而改变D、阑尾动脉来自左结肠动脉E、阑尾根部是三条结肠带会聚处正确答案:D70. 属于尿道扩大部A、尿道膜部B、尿道球部C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:B71.关于空、回肠的描述,错误的是A、二者之间无明显界限B、均为腹膜内位器官C、均借肠系膜附着于腹后壁D、空肠占据结肠下区的左下部E、回肠约占远侧的3/5正确答案:D72. 不属于后纵隔的结构是A、奇静脉B、胸导管C、胸交感干D、膈神经E、食管正确答案:D73.支配第1蚓状肌A、正中神经B、拇长屈肌腱C、两者均是D、两者均否正确答案:A74.位于收肌管内的结构有A、膝最上动脉、股深动脉B、股动脉、股静脉、股深动脉C、隐神经、旋股内侧动脉D、股动脉、隐神经、股内侧肌支E、隐神经、股深动脉正确答案:D75.通过三边孔的结构是A、旋肱前血管B、旋肩胛血管C、肩胛下血管D、旋肱后血管E、胸背血管正确答案:B76. 关于胸廓内动脉的叙述,错误的是A、由锁骨下动脉第一段发出B、通过腹壁上动脉与腹壁浅动脉吻合C、沿胸骨侧缘外侧约1.25cm下行D、通过其肋间前支与肋间后动脉吻合E、分为腹壁上动脉与肌膈动脉正确答案:B77.与甲状腺上动脉伴行的神经是A、膈神经B、喉上神经外支C、迷走神经D、喉上神经内支E、喉返神经正确答案:B78.胸导管A、走行在颈动脉鞘前方B、入颈根部后沿食管左缘上行C、入颈根部后沿食管前面上行D、经椎血管和交感干后方E、在第5颈椎高度向左呈弓状跨过胸膜顶正确答案:B79.大网膜A、连于肝门与胃小弯之间B、连于胃大弯与横结肠之间C、由两层腹膜折叠而成D、胃左、右血管行于其间E、中结肠血管行于其间正确答案:C80.不与肝膈面相毗邻的结构是A、左肺底B、心包C、右肺底D、右肾上腺E、心膈面正确答案:A81.大隐静脉的属支不包括A、旋髂浅静脉B、腹壁浅静脉C、阴部浅静脉D、股外侧浅静脉E、股内侧浅静脉正确答案:C82.发出颈袢上根参与颈袢组成A、迷走神经B、副神经C、舌下神经D、膈神经E、颈交感干正确答案:C83.脾静脉A、后方隔网膜孔与下腔静脉相邻B、后方有右肾静脉C、注入下腔静脉D、在脾肾韧带内汇合成主干E、斜过下腔静脉的前方正确答案:D二、多选题(共17题,每题1分,共17分)1.内踝A、其后方有踝管B、其与外踝连线中点为足背动脉的标志C、大隐静脉在其前方经过D、在踝管内,胫后动脉紧贴在其后方E、在踝管内,胫神经紧贴在其后方正确答案:ABCD2.脊神经后支A、第l~3颈神经后支参与构成枕大神经B、第l~3腰神经后支参与构成臀上皮神经C、分为内侧支(后内侧支)和外侧支(后外侧支)D、第l~3胸神经后支参与构成肩胛背神经E、第l~3骶神经后支参与构成臀中皮神经正确答案:BCE3.收肌管内有下列结构通过A、股神经、隐神经、膝最上动脉B、隐神经、股内侧肌支C、股深动脉、隐神经D、股动脉、股静脉E、股深动脉、膝最上动脉正确答案:BD4. 乳房淋巴回流的主要途径A、内侧部的一部分淋巴管注入胸骨旁淋巴结B、上部的淋巴管注入腋淋巴结的尖淋巴结和锁骨上淋巴结C、深部的淋巴管注入纵隔后淋巴结D、不与对侧乳房淋巴管吻合E、内下部的淋巴管注入膈上淋巴结前组正确答案:ABE5.甲状腺侧叶后内侧的毗邻为A、喉返神经B、喉上神经C、甲状旁腺D、喉和气管E、咽和食管正确答案:ADE6.股管A、位于股鞘内B、位于股静脉内侧C、容纳股动脉、股静脉D、后壁为耻骨梳韧带、耻骨肌及其筋膜E、前壁与阔筋膜融合正确答案:ABDE7. 纵隔A、位于胸腔正中偏左,呈矢状位B、分隔左、右胸膜腔C、其前为胸骨和肋骨内侧部,D、后为脊柱胸段,E、两侧为纵隔胸膜正确答案:ABCDE8.股管A、位于股三角内B、位于耻骨结节的外下方C、其上口为股环D、其下口为盲端,正对卵圆窝(或隐静脉裂孔)的上方E、容纳腹股沟深淋巴结正确答案:ABCDE9.阴部内动脉及阴部神经A、自坐骨大孔穿出后进入坐骨小孔B、在会阴部发支支配肛门C、自梨状肌下孔穿出D、位于坐骨神经的外侧E、终末支为阴茎背动脉及阴茎背神经正确答案:ABCE10.腋鞘A、内有腋动脉B、内有臂丛C、是椎前筋膜向下外的延续D、内有腋淋巴结E、是气管前筋膜向下外的延续正确答案:ABC11. 直肠后隙A、感染可向腹膜后隙扩散B、下界为盆膈上筋膜C、位于直肠、直肠侧韧带与骶骨之间D、位于直肠与盆膈之间E、内有骶淋巴结正确答案:ABCE12.穿过坐骨大孔的结构是A、阴部内血管B、股后皮神经C、梨状肌D、闭孔神经E、坐骨神经正确答案:ABCE13.组成肩胛动脉网的是A、旋肩胛动脉B、胸背动脉C、肩胛背动脉D、肩胛上动脉E、肩胛下动脉正确答案:ACD14. 上腔静脉A、穿心包至第2胸肋关节高度注入右心房B、沿升主动脉右侧垂直下行C、后方有气管、右迷走神经和奇静脉D、前方为肺和胸膜E、位于上纵隔左前部正确答案:BCD15. 参加组成骨盆上口的是A、弓状线B、骶骨岬C、耻骨联合上缘D、耳状关节面E、耻骨嵴正确答案:ABCE16.肾的毗邻A、两肾后面与腰大肌、腰方肌相邻B、两肾内后方为左、右腰交感干C、右肾上部前方为十二指肠降部D、左肾后面上部与膈、胸膜相邻E、左肾前上部为胃后壁正确答案:ABDE17.腹直肌鞘内含有A、腹壁上动脉B、第3至的6对肋间神经C、腹直肌D、腹壁下动脉E、肌膈动脉正确答案:ACD。
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考博外科学外科学总论(共50分)⼀名词解释:1.基因诊断2.⾼温灭菌法3.NHSTR4.GHTRS5.MODS⼆简答题:1 简述外科疾病的分类2 外科⼿术进⾏中的⽆菌原则3 感染性休克的治疗三问答题低渗性缺⽔的定义病因临床表现诊断治疗普外科各论(50分)⼀名词解释mastopathy 原发性腹膜炎strangulated hernia (狂晕刚意识到答成绞窄性肠梗阻了)abdominal compartment syndrome 第五个忘了⾼选择⾏迷⾛神经切断术(英⽂)⼆问答题甲状腺功能亢进症的病因术前术中注意事项⼿术适应症⼿术禁忌症术后常见并发症及处理原则原发性肝癌的病因病理临床表现诊断和鉴别诊断治疗2007年第⼆军医⼤学考博普通外科学⼀、多选题(12题,每题1分)1、腹腔镜⼿术禁忌:2、能叩诊出移动性浊⾳的腹腔积液:A、100ml B、200ml C、300ml D、400ml E、⼤于500ml3、急性胰腺炎⾎淀粉酶的变化:4、胆囊癌最佳的诊断⽅法:B超、CT、ERCP、?、?5、⼩⼉肠扭转病例6、肝脓肿病例7、以下胃、⼗⼆指肠穿孔描述不正确的是:⼆、填空题(8分)1、影响胃癌预后的因素有:(7空)2、下消化道出⾎的诊断⽅法有:(5空)3、下肢深静脉栓塞分为四型:_____型(4空)三、名词解释(6分,每题2分)1、buerger病2、charcot 综合征3、TME四、问答题1、家族性结肠息⾁病的发病原理、诊断、⼿术⽅式、术后随访原则?(20分)2、甲亢术后并发症及处理?(24分)3、肠梗阻按梗阻原因的分类;肠梗阻的治疗原则以及⾮⼿术治疗⽅法?(30分)第三军医⼤学2013博⼠普外专业⼀、名词解释1、richer疝2、倾倒综合征(英⽂)3、布加综合征(英⽂)4、⼆、简答题1、乳腺癌根治术切除范围2、胰腺癌⼿术切除范围3、简述直肠癌超低位保肛术4、chiold分级及其临床意义三、问答题1、急性梗阻性黄疸治疗原则2、论述胃癌外科治疗的最新进展2013南京医科⼤学普外科学(总论+普外)考博真题回忆版简答4分*61、创伤组织修补基本过程?2、30秒内确定⼼搏骤停的⽅法?3、输⾎后常见并发症?4、低钾的常见病因?5、营养⽀持⽅法选择原则?6、⼿术中的⽆菌原则?问答19分*41、胰腺假性囊肿的⼿术指征、⽅式、要点?2、甲状腺⼿术并发症及治疗?3、腹膜后⼗⼆指肠破裂诊断依据及治疗?4、完善的科研设计标志有哪些?第三军医⼤学2013年外科专业基础之⼈体解剖真题名词解释:胸⾻⾓纵隔膜迷路动脉韧带肺段简答脑屏障的主要特点喉的结构,运动及功能的关系胆汁的产⽣,排出的主要特点问答⽪质核束的主要特点内脏传导通路的主要特点迷⾛神经的主要特点腰丛的主要特点2013中⼭⼤学博⼠⽣⼊学考试(普外)1糖⽪质激素外科感染性休克2糖尿病围术期准备要点3开放⽓胸处理原则4影像学在泌尿系结⽯的诊断应⽤5胃癌腹腔镜禁忌6胆管囊性扩张的分型7下肢静脉体格检查名称8外科真菌感染因素和抗真菌药物9切⼝裂开预防10⿊⾊素瘤的临床表现11CEA.AFP.CA199.CA125.PSA,中⽂名称及诊断价值12门脉⾼压⾮⼿术治疗及贲门⾎管离断理由13 低渗性缺⽔的原因14乳腺癌分⼦分型及治疗建议15胃癌根治原则,根治划分,远端胃癌根治切除范围16慢性胰腺炎⼿术指征,⼿术原则,⼿术⽅式。
人体解剖学练习题(含答案)
人体解剖学练习题(含答案)一、多选题(共100题,每题1分,共100分)1.男性尿道的三个膨大位于()A、尿道内口B、尿道球部C、尿道前列腺部D、尿道舟状窝E、尿道膜部正确答案:BCD2.对胸神经前支在胸腹部的节段性分布的描述,正确的是A、T4相当胸骨角平面B、T10相当脐平面C、T6相当剑突平面D、T8相当肋弓平面E、T2相当颈静脉切迹平面正确答案:BCD3.About the right principal bronchus (右主支气管), which of the following descriptions are correct?A、It is longer than the left principal bronchus.B、It is wider than the left principal bronchusC、It is more vertical in position than the left principal bronchus.D、It crosses the anterior surface of the esophagus.E、The foreign object from the trachea usually pass to the right bronchus.正确答案:BCE4.Which of the following structures have the function to maintain the uterus in its normal position?A、uterosacral ligamentB、cardinal ligament of uterusC、muscles of the pelvic floorD、round ligament of uterusE、broad ligament of uterus正确答案:ABCDE5.About the sinoatrial node, which of the following descriptions are not correct?A、It is known as the‘pacemaker’of the heart.B、It is located in the posterior wall of the left atrium.C、It is ellipse in shape.D、It generates an impulse at the rate of about 50/min.E、The impulse generated by the sinoatrial node travels through the internodal tract (结间束) to reach正确答案:ACE6.颈椎()A、第6颈椎有颈动脉结节B、椎体上面侧缘有椎体钩C、钩椎关节增生肥大会导致颈椎病D、棘突较短,末端分叉E、都有横突孔正确答案:ABCDE7.左冠状动脉供血范围是()A、左心房B、右心室前壁的一部分C、心尖D、室间隔前2/3E、左心室的前、侧、后壁正确答案:ABCDE8.开口于中鼻道的鼻旁窦()A、上颌窦B、筛窦前、中群C、额窦D、蝶窦E、筛窦后群正确答案:ABC9.腹股沟管()A、有两个开口B、在男性有精索通过C、腹壁深筋膜形成的一个鞘管D、皮下环为管的内口E、深环为腹横筋膜向外的突口正确答案:ABD10.提肋助吸气的肌有()A、膈肌B、胸大肌C、胸小肌D、肋间内肌E、肋间外肌正确答案:BCE11.Which of the following veins are the tributaries of the hepatic portal vein?A、inferior mesenteric veinB、superior mesenteric veinC、paraumbilical vein (附脐静脉)D、cystic vein (胆囊静脉)E、renal vein正确答案:ABCD12.静脉()A、浅静脉不与动脉伴行B、静脉管壁内有帮助静脉血回流的静脉瓣C、起于毛细血管静脉端D、为导血离心的管道E、数量比动脉少正确答案:ABC13.下腔静脉()A、由左、右髂总静脉在第4~5腰椎体右前方汇合而成B、其脏支均与腹主动脉脏支伴行C、经肝的腔静脉沟D、在第8胸椎体高度穿膈的腔静脉孔入胸腔E、左肾上腺静脉直接注入下腔静脉正确答案:ACD14.About the interventricular septum, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、Its position is indicated by the anterior and posterior interventricular grooves.B、It can be divided into muscular and membranous parts.C、The upper part is thicker than the lower part.D、It pressents the fossa ovalis in the lower part.E、If the interventricular septum is defect, it is one of congenital cardiac disease called as ventricu正确答案:ABE15.屈肘关节的肌有A、旋前圆肌B、肱三头肌C、肱桡肌D、肱肌E、喙肱肌正确答案:ACD16.有关小腿后群肌的描述正确的是()A、有参与屈膝的肌B、胫骨后肌可使足外翻C、趾长屈肌由腓总神经支配D、有参与屈踝、屈趾的肌E、小腿三头肌由胫神经支配正确答案:ADE17.面神经在面神经管外损伤后的症状包括A、患侧鼻唇沟变浅B、笑时口角偏向患侧C、患侧下颌下腺分泌障碍D、患侧角膜反射消失E、不能鼓腮正确答案:ADE18.属腹膜内位器官的是()A、肝B、阑尾C、空肠D、降结肠E、脾正确答案:BCE19.髂内动脉的壁支有()A、臀上动脉B、骶正中动脉C、臀下动脉D、闭孔动脉E、阴部内动脉正确答案:ACD20.有关胃的描述正确的是()A、胃底由胃短动脉供血B、贲门位于第11胸椎体左侧C、胃大部分位于腹上区,小部分位于左季肋区D、近胃大弯侧的大部分胃壁由胃左、右动脉供血E、幽门部可分右侧的幽门管和左侧的幽门窦正确答案:ABE21.锁骨下动脉的分支包括()A、椎动脉B、甲状腺上动脉C、甲状颈干D、胸廓内动脉E、肋下动脉正确答案:ACD22.Which of the following muscles are innervated by oculomotor nerve?A、lateral rectus muscleB、inferior obliquus (下斜肌)C、inferior rectus muscleD、medial rectus muscleE、superior rectus muscle (上直肌)正确答案:BCDE23.与三叉神经脊束核有关的脑神经()A、舌咽神经B、鼓索C、迷走神经D、副神经E、三叉神经正确答案:ACE24.输尿管的狭窄部位于()A、与髂血管的交叉处B、肾盂与输尿管移行处C、斜穿膀胱的壁内段D、与子宫动脉交叉处E、与输精管的交叉处正确答案:ABC25.髂内动的脏支有()A、脐动脉B、直肠下动脉C、阴部内动脉D、膀胱下动脉E、子宫动脉正确答案:ABCDE26.协助深吸气的肌有()A、胸小肌B、胸锁乳突肌C、胸大肌D、后斜角肌E、前斜角肌正确答案:ABCDE27.颅()A、颅盖由额骨和顶骨构成B、成人面颅占全颅的1/4C、面颅骨15块D、蝶骨构成颅底中部E、脑颅8块正确答案:BCDE28.肱三头肌()A、三个头均起于肱骨B、止于尺骨鹰嘴C、可使肩关节内收D、可使肘关节伸E、由桡神经支配正确答案:BDE29.开口于中鼻道鼻旁窦是()A、筛窦后群B、蝶窦C、额窦D、上颌窦E、筛窦前群正确答案:CDE30.幽门部可分为A、幽门管B、降部C、幽门窦D、上部E、水平部正确答案:AC31.心底的大血管中,内含动脉血的为()A、下腔静脉B、肺静脉C、主动脉D、上腔静脉E、肺动脉正确答案:BC32.Which of the following endocrine glands are located in the cervical region ?A、parathyroid glandB、suprarenal slandC、pineal body (松果体)D、thyroid glandE、hypophysis正确答案:AD33.有关膝关节的描述正确的是()A、是最大最复杂的关节B、具有关节所有的辅助结构C、后交叉韧带有防止胫骨后移的作用D、股神经损伤,膝关节不能伸E、胫神经损伤,膝关节不能屈正确答案:ACD34.在穿出卵圆孔处切断下颌神经,可引起A、翼内,外肌瘫痪B、下颌牙感觉丧失C、颞肌瘫痪D、舌前2/3黏膜感觉丧失E、舌前2/3味觉缺失正确答案:ABCD35.三角肌()A、由腋神经支配B、止于三角肌粗隆C、可使肩关节旋内旋外D、可使肩关节屈、伸E、可使肩关节外展、内收正确答案:ABCD36.属于副交感性的神经节,与脑神经相连的有A、翼腭神经节B、睫状神经节C、下颌下神经节D、耳神经节E、三叉神经节正确答案:ABCD37.Which of the followings are the posterior group muscles of thigh (大腿)?A、semitendinosusB、biceps femorisC、sartorius (缝匠肌)D、quadriceps femorisE、semimembranosus正确答案:ABE38.下列肌中附着于胸骨的有()A、腹外斜肌B、胸大肌C、腹内斜肌D、胸锁乳突肌E、腹直肌正确答案:BDE39.协助桡腕关节内收的是()A、尺侧腕伸肌B、尺侧腕屈肌C、桡侧腕屈肌D、桡侧腕伸肌E、拇收肌正确答案:AB40.Which of the following structures synapse in the ventral posterolateral nucleus?A、medial lemniscusB、trigeminal lemniscusC、spinothalamic tractD、lateral lemniscusE、pyramidal tract正确答案:AC41.Which of the following arteries are the branches of the external carotid artery?A、vertebral artery (椎动脉)B、lingual artery (舌动脉)C、inferior thyroid artery (甲状腺下动脉)D、maxillary artery (上颌动脉)E、superior thyroid artery (甲状腺上动脉)正确答案:BDE42.没有系膜的肠管是()A、降结肠B、十二指肠C、阑尾D、空肠E、回肠正确答案:AB43.孤束核接受()的感觉纤维A、三叉神经B、面神经C、迷走神经D、前庭蜗神经E、舌咽神经正确答案:BCE44.Which of the following blood vessels are connected with the cardiac base?A、superior vena cavaB、ascending aortaC、pulmonary trunkD、right pulmonary arteryE、inferior vena cava正确答案:ABCE45.冠状窦的主要属支有()A、心中静脉B、心小静脉C、心大静脉D、心前静脉E、心最小静脉正确答案:ABC46.鼓室的内容物有()A、面神经B、鼓膜张肌C、听小骨D、鼓索E、耳蜗正确答案:BCD47.关于迷走神经正确的描述是A、行程最长,分布最广的脑神经B、含3种纤维成分C、一般内脏运动纤维为副交感纤维D、喉返神经是迷走神经的分支之一E、含交感节前纤维正确答案:ACD48.协助深呼气的肌有()A、腹直肌B、腹横肌C、胸骨舌骨肌D、胸锁乳突肌E、腹外斜肌正确答案:ABE49.子宫()A、位于盆腔中央B、属腹膜内位器官C、子宫内膜为粘膜下层D、两侧有输卵管和卵巢E、呈前倾前屈位正确答案:ADE50.在下肢不能见到的体表标志有()A、长收肌B、梨状肌C、股二头肌D、半膜肌E、腓肠肌正确答案:AB51.一侧肌收缩,使头向同侧屈,脸转向对侧的肌有()A、斜方肌B、颈阔肌C、前斜角肌D、竖脊肌E、胸锁乳突肌正确答案:AE52.滑车神经()A、是唯一自脑干背侧发出的脑神经B、行于海绵窦外侧壁C、支配下斜肌D、经眶下裂入眶E、起于滑车神经核正确答案:ABE53.About the vermiform appendix, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、It is a worm-like organ arising from the lower part of the cecum.B、It lies in the left iliac fossa (髂窝).C、Although the base of the vermiform appendix is fixed, the tip can point in different directions.D、McBurney’s point is the surface marking of the base of the vermiform appendix.E、McBurney’s point lies at the junction of lateral one-third and medial two-thirds of the line joinin正确答案:ACD54.属于短骨的是A、骰骨B、跟骨C、手舟骨D、趾骨E、髌骨正确答案:ABC55.有关膀胱的描述正确的是()A、膀胱三角处的黏膜始终平滑,无皱襞B、输尿管间襞是寻找输尿管口的标志C、男性膀胱下方与盆膈相接D、膀胱上动脉是髂内动脉的直接分支E、支配膀胱的副交感纤维来源于盆内脏神经正确答案:ABE56.前锯肌()A、主要由胸外侧动脉供血B、使肩胛骨向前并贴紧胸廓C、由胸长神经支配D、降肋助呼气E、助臂上举正确答案:ABCE57.有关舌的描述正确的是()A、舌内肌由舌下神经支配B、左侧颏舌肌收缩舌尖偏向右侧C、舌的味觉由舌神经和舌咽神经共同管理D、轮廓乳头不含味蕾E、舌前2/3的一般感觉由面神经管理正确答案:AB58.参与汇成支气管纵隔干的淋巴结有()A、纵隔前淋巴结B、胸骨旁淋巴结C、纵隔后淋巴结D、肺门淋巴结E、气管旁淋巴结正确答案:ABE59.有关膝关节的描述正确的是()A、由股骨下端、胫骨上端和髌骨构成B、内侧半月板呈“O”形C、前交叉韧带有防止胫骨前移的作用D、屈膝时缝匠肌、半腱肌和半膜肌均可使小腿旋内E、股神经损伤,膝关节不能伸正确答案:ACDE60.About the liver, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、It is the largest gland in the body.B、Its main function is to secrete the bile (胆汁) to promote the digestion and absorption of fat.C、Its large portion lies in the right hypochondriac region (右季肋区)and epigastric region (腹上部), sD、The visceral surface can be divided into right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe (方叶) and caudate lobE、The structures that enter or come out the porta hepatis are enclosed by connective tissue and form t正确答案:ABCDE61.胫骨后肌()A、与胫骨前肌为拮抗肌B、长腱经内踝之后至足底C、是小腿后面深层肌D、起自胫、腓骨后面及小腿骨间膜E、可使足内翻正确答案:ABCDE62.Which of the following organs compose the male accessory glands?A、testesB、epididymisC、seminal vesicle (精囊腺)D、prostateE、bulbourethral gland (尿道球腺)正确答案:CDE63.左冠状动脉前室间支供血范围是()A、左心室后壁B、左心室前壁C、小部分右心室前壁D、室间隔前2/3E、右束支正确答案:BCDE64.胎儿出生后,由血管闭塞形成的韧带有()A、肝圆韧带B、动脉韧带C、脐内侧韧带D、脐正中韧带E、静脉韧带正确答案:ABCE65.下颌关节()A、由下颌头与下颌窝构成B、属于联合关节C、下颌骨可作上提、下降、前进、后退和侧方运动D、关节囊前份较薄弱E、有关节盘正确答案:BCDE66.属于感觉神经节的是A、三叉神经节B、膝神经节C、前庭神经节D、脊神经节E、耳神经节正确答案:ABCD67.About the laryngeal cavity, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、Superiorly, it communicates with the laryngopharynx (咽喉) through the aperture of larynx (喉口).B、Inferiorly, it is continuous with the trachea.C、The upper fold of mucous membrane is named the vocal fold (声襞).D、It can be divided into laryngeal vestibule (喉前庭), intermedial cavity of largnx (喉中间腔), ventriE、The fissure of glottis (声门裂) is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity.正确答案:ABE68.Which of the followings form the boundaries of the cubital fossaA、an imaginary line drawn between the two epicondyles (上髁)of the humerusB、pronator quadratus (旋前方肌)C、pronator teresD、palmaris longusE、brachioradialis正确答案:ACE69.睾丸()A、精曲小管上皮能产生精子B、后缘的白膜增厚形成睾丸纵隔C、表面有一层坚厚的白膜D、睾丸纵隔伸入实质将睾丸分为皮质和髓质E、精曲小管之间的间质细胞能分泌雄激素正确答案:ABCE70.肺根内的主要结构的位置排列()A、左右肺根内结构由前向后均为:V、A、BB、左右肺根内结构由上向下均为:A、B、VC、左肺根内结构由上向下为:A、B、VD、右肺根内结构由上向下为:B、A、VE、左右肺根内结构由上向下均为:V、B、A正确答案:ACD71.The middle ear includes which of the following structures?A、mastoid antrum (乳突窦)B、tympanic cavityC、auditory tubeD、vestibuleE、mastoid cells (乳突小房)正确答案:ABCE72.腕骨()A、8块腕骨构成掌面的腕骨沟B、近侧列4块形成椭圆形关节面C、共8块D、远侧列最外侧的是大多角骨E、近侧列最内侧的是钩骨正确答案:ACD73.子宫动脉()A、沿子宫体侧缘迂曲上升至子宫底B、在子宫颈外侧约2cm处从输尿管前上方跨过C、经卵巢悬韧带D、是髂内动脉的分支E、分布于子宫、阴道、输卵管和卵巢正确答案:ABDE74.肩关节()A、关节窝是肩胛骨的关节盂B、有囊内韧带C、是球窝关节D、关节头是肱骨小头E、盂唇加深关节窝正确答案:ACE75.对脊髓有保护作用的结构为()A、脊髓被膜B、脑脊液C、齿状韧带D、脊柱的韧带E、椎管正确答案:ABCDE76.动眼神经()A、副交感纤维起于动眼神经副核B、自脚间窝出脑C、支配全部眼外肌D、损伤后,瞳孔开大E、损伤后,角膜反射消失正确答案:ABD77.关于脑神经的描述,哪些正确A、面神经支配舌下腺和下颌下腺分泌B、迷走神经支配胃壁腺体的分泌C、面神经支配泪腺分泌D、上颌神经支配鼻黏膜腺体的分泌E、舌咽神经支配腮腺分泌正确答案:ABCE78.舌咽神经分布于A、腮腺B、咽肌C、颈动脉窦D、心肌E、鼓室正确答案:ABCE79.半月板()A、半月板内缘薄,外缘厚B、半月板上面凹陷,下面平坦C、内侧半月板近似“C”形,外侧半月板近似“O”形D、胫侧副韧带与内侧半月板紧密结合E、内侧半月板损伤机会较多正确答案:ABCDE80.Which of the following structures can be identified on the transverse section at the level of decussation of pyramid (锥体交叉)?A、inferior olivary nucleusB、hypoglossal nucleusC、cuneate nucleusD、gracile nucleusE、decussation of pyramid正确答案:CDE81.薄束()A、脊髓后索内B、起自脊神经节细胞C、含有来自骶、腰和下胸节段的后根内侧部纤维D、伸展于脊髓全长E、传递粗触觉正确答案:ABCD82.Which of the following arteries arise directly from the axillary artery?A、lateral thoracic artery (胸外侧动脉)B、deep brachial artery (肱深动脉)C、posterior humeral circumflex artery (旋肱后动脉)D、subscapular artery (肩胛下动脉)E、circumflex scapular artery (旋肩胛动脉)正确答案:ACD83.有关前臂前群肌的描述正确的是()A、指浅和指深屈肌腱通过腕管B、尺侧腕屈肌受尺神经支配C、肱桡肌受桡神经支配D、有参与屈拇指的肌E、掌长肌受正中神经支配正确答案:ABCDE84.有关齿状线的描述正确的是()A、为肛柱下端与肛瓣边缘连成的锯齿状的环行线B、齿状线以下的肛管表面覆盖的是黏膜C、齿状线以上的肛管由肛门动脉供血D、齿状线以下由内脏神经分布E、痔发生在齿状线以下为外痔正确答案:ABE85.上纵隔内的结构有()A、胸腺B、食管C、气管D、心E、上腔静脉正确答案:ABCE86.大网膜()A、有重要防御功能B、覆于空、回肠及横结肠的前方C、内有巨噬细胞D、形似围裙E、小儿大网膜较短正确答案:ABCDE87.颈外侧深淋巴结()A、排列在颈内静脉周围B、颈外侧浅淋巴结的输出管注入该组淋巴结C、锁骨上淋巴结属于该组淋巴结D、也有部分淋巴结排列在锁骨下动脉周围E、输出管汇成颈干正确答案:ABCDE88.桡神经的正确描述是A、手部无肌支B、臂和前臂背侧肌都由它支配C、分浅,深两支D、在肱二头肌和肱肌间穿出E、不支配上肢屈肌正确答案:ABC89.子宫内的腔隙是包括()A、子宫颈阴道部B、子宫峡C、子宫角D、子宫颈管E、子宫腔正确答案:DE90.关于肾结构的描述,正确的是()A、肾乳状是由2-3个肾锥体尖端合并而成B、肾皮质由肾小体和肾小管组成C、肾柱是伸入到肾锥体的髓质D、冠状切面上,肾实质分为肾皮质和肾髓质E、肾皮质内可见15-20个肾锥体正确答案:ABD91.有关小腿后群肌的描述正确的是()A、比目鱼肌可屈膝B、腓肠肌由胫神经支配C、胫骨后肌可使足内翻D、趾长屈肌由腓总神经支配E、有参与屈踝、屈趾的肌正确答案:BCE92.脊神经后支一般含有A、躯体运动纤维B、交感神经节后纤维C、副交感神经节前纤维D、躯体感觉纤维E、交感神经节前纤维正确答案:ABD93.有关十二指肠的描述正确的是()A、十二指肠升部最短B、十二指肠悬韧带是确定空肠起始的标志C、胰十二指肠上动脉来源于胃十二指肠动脉D、胰十二指肠下动脉来源于肠系膜下动脉E、十二指降部是十二溃疡的好发部位正确答案:ABC94.About the esophagus, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、It is a muscular tube, approximately 25 cm long.B、It can be divided into cervical , thoracic and abdominal portions.C、Posteriorly, the cervical portion is adjacent to the anterior wall of trachea.D、The three narrows in the esophagus course are called constrictions of esophagus (食管狭窄).E、The third constriction lies at the place where it passes through the esophageal hiatus.正确答案:ABDE95.会阴()A、狭义的会阴是指外生殖器与耻骨联合之间的区域B、肛门三角只有直肠穿过C、广义的会阴呈菱形D、尿生殖三角与肛门三角的分界是坐骨棘之间的连线E、尿生殖三角只有尿道穿过正确答案:BC96.女性尿道比男性尿道()A、短B、长C、细D、直E、宽正确答案:ADE97.胸膜的体表定位()A、胸膜顶在锁骨内1/3上方2-3厘米B、在锁骨中线下界平第8肋C、在腋中线下界在第9肋D、肩胛线上其下界在第11肋E、在后正中线其下界平第10胸椎棘突正确答案:ABD98.损伤脊髓前角运动细胞,肢体可出现()A、肌萎缩B、皮肤感觉正常C、肌张力降低D、腱反射亢进E、病理反射阳性正确答案:ABC99.阴道()A、后方与直肠相邻B、阴道后穹与直肠子宫陷凹相邻C、为女性排尿与排卵的管道D、阴道口开口于阴道前庭E、前方与膀胱和尿道相邻正确答案:ABDE100.关节的基本结构包括()A、关节面B、韧带C、关节囊D、关节腔E、滑膜襞正确答案:ACD。
南开大学病理学2019年考博真题考博试卷
9.克罗恩病与溃疡性结肠炎病理区别。 10.肝硬化的病理特征及发病机制。
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二、简答:6 分*10 题=60 分
1.神经元的基本病变。
2.恶性高血压的病理特征。
3.新月体型肾炎病理特征及临床病理联系。
4.细胞病理学在临床上的应用(举 2 例)。
5.免疫标记在临床应用在哪些细胞诊断哪些肿瘤?
6.霍奇金淋巴瘤病理分型。
7.乳腺癌病理分型。
8.创伤愈合过程中新生血管的形成机制。
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攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题Байду номын сангаас卷
南开大学医学院
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2019 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:病理学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释 全英文:4 分*10 题=40 分 1.脂褐素 2.一期愈合 3.上皮间质转换 4.结核肉芽肿 5.parget disease 6.Barrett 食管 7.机化 8.血管生成拟态 9.肿瘤干细胞 10.
骨科考博试题
一、名词解释:1.Bone-fascia compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征:即由骨、骨间膜、肌间隔和深筋膜形成的骨筋膜室内肌肉和神经因急性缺血而产生的一系列早期症候。
最多见于前臂与小腿,常由创伤骨折的血肿和组织水肿使其室内内容物体积增加或外包扎过紧、局部压迫使骨筋膜室体积减小而导致骨筋膜室内压力增高所致。
当压力达到一定程度可使供应肌肉的小动脉关闭,形成缺血-水肿-缺血的恶性循环。
根据其缺血程度可导致:濒临缺血肌挛缩;缺血肌挛缩、坏疽。
2..V olkmann’s Contracture;缺血性肌挛缩Volkmann’s Contracture(福克曼缺血性挛缩)是骨折严重并发症之一,是骨筋膜室综合征处理不当的严重后果。
由于肢体严重缺血,造成肌肉坏死或挛缩,又因神经缺血和瘢痕压迫,常有神经部分瘫痪,致肢体严重残废。
多发生于上肢肱骨髁上骨折或尺桡骨骨折后,典型的畸形为“爪形手”。
3.挤压综合征(crush syndrome,CS)系肢体、臀部等肌肉丰富的部位受到压榨或长时间重力压迫,致肌肉缺血坏死并引起肢体肿胀、肌红蛋白尿、高血钾为特点的急性肾功能衰竭的综合征。
4.脂肪栓塞综合征:发生于成人,由于骨折处髓腔内血肿张力过大,骨髓被破坏,脂肪滴进入破裂的静脉窦内,引起肺、脑脂肪栓塞。
临床上出现呼吸功能不全、发绀,胸部拍片有广泛肺实变,即暴风雪改变。
动脉血氧低可导致烦躁不安、嗜睡、甚至昏迷死亡。
常见下肢的多发骨折患者。
5.骨化性肌炎:由于关节扭伤、脱位或关节附近骨折,骨膜剥离造成骨膜下血肿,处理不当使血肿扩大,机化并在关节附近软组织内广泛骨化,造成关节活动功能障碍。
特别多见于肘关节和骨盆骨折术后。
6.急性骨萎缩(Sudeck's atrophy),即损伤导致关节附近痛性骨质疏松,亦称反射性交感神经性骨营养不良。
好发于手、足骨折后,典型症状是疼痛和血管舒缩紊乱。
疼痛与损伤程度不一致,随邻近关节活动而加剧,局部有烧灼感。
南开大学人体解剖学(神外)2018--2019年考博真题
医学考博 历年真题试卷
南开大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:人体解剖学(神外) 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简答题ຫໍສະໝຸດ 第1页 共1页网膜囊 胸椎特点 声音传导路径 髋关节韧带及作用 房室交界区位置及意义 足弓的构成和作用 二、论述题 考了颈内动脉、薄束锲束、共济失调、硬膜静脉窦等; 鼓室各壁组成和交通 没有选择题
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南开大学医学院
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:人体解剖学(神外) 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简述题(5分×8=40分):解剖结构、位置、临床意义或作用。 1.眼球纤维膜。 2.睫状神经节。 3.交感神经与副交感神经的区别。 4.下丘脑。 5.脑桥小脑角。 6.脊神经分支及分布规律。 7.星形细胞的结构和作用。 8.内脏大神经。 二、论述题(60分) 1.颅底内面结构:重要或特殊的附着部位及结构、孔裂和结构、损伤后可能的临床表现。(20分) 2.面神经走行、分布、分支、纤维成分、起始核团。(15分) 3.颈部交感神经节的解剖,解释Horner Syndrome的症状。(10分) 4.脑脊液的成分、质量、产生、循环、吸收机制、不同部位静水压、功能等。(15分)
南开大学《系统解剖学》2021-2022学年第一学期期末试卷
南开大学 2021-2022学年《系统解剖学》期末考试试卷一.单项选择题(21分)1.支配肱二头肌的神经是:()A.尺神经B.桡神经C.正中神经D.腋神经E.肌皮神经2.肱骨外科颈骨折易损伤:()A.尺神经B.腋神经C.桡神经D.正中神经E.肌皮神经3.下列各骨中,不属于长骨:()A.股骨B.肱骨C.跖骨D.指骨E.肋骨4.穿经内囊膝的纤维束是:()A.内侧丘系B.皮质核束C.皮质脊髓束D.脊髓丘脑束E.视辐射5.听觉中枢位于:()A.中央前回B.中央后回C.颞横回D.角回E.缘上回6.椎间孔是:()A.椎体间的孔B.横突间的孔C.椎体与椎弓围成的孔D.相邻椎骨的上.下切迹围成的孔E.相邻椎弓间的孔7.射精管开口于:()A.膀胱B.精囊腺C.尿道膜部D.尿道球部E.尿道前列腺部8.女性生殖腺是:()A.阴蒂B.前庭球C.前庭大腺D.乳腺E.卵巢9.关于肋的组成下列哪项是正确的:()A.真肋:1—7肋,假肋:8—12肋B.真肋:1—5肋,假肋:6—10肋;浮肋:11—12肋C.真肋:1—8肋,假肋:9—12肋;D.真肋:1—7肋,假肋:8—10肋;浮肋:11—12肋E.以上都不是10.属于脑干一般躯体运动核的是;()A.动眼神经核B.滑车神经核C.展神经核D.舌下神经核E.以上均是11.关节的辅助结构不包括:( )A.囊内韧带B.关节盘C.半月板D.关节唇E.关节面12.成人脊髓下端约平对:()A.第1骶椎B.第3腰椎下缘C.第2腰椎下缘D.第1腰椎下缘E.以上都不对13.属于臂后群肌的是:()A.三角肌B.肱三头肌C.肱二头肌D.喙肱肌E.肱肌14.属于腹膜内位的器官是:()A.升结肠B.子宫C.输尿管D.阑尾E.胰15.上呼吸道最狭窄处是:()A.鼻后孔B.喉口C.前庭裂D.声门裂E.喉与气管交界处16.胸导管常注入:()A.右静脉角B.左静脉角C.上腔静脉D.左颈内静E.头臂静脉17.主支气管的特点是:()A.细而短B.粗而长C.粗而短D.细而长E.较水平18.内侧丘系:()A.纤维来自同侧薄束核、楔束核B.向上至丘脑内侧核C.经斜方体外侧上行D.传导躯干、四肢意识性本体感觉E.最后经内囊前肢止于中央后回19.成人肾门平对:()A.第11胸椎B.第12胸椎C.第1腰椎D.第2腰椎E.第3腰椎20.男性生殖腺是:()A.精囊腺B.睾丸C.前列腺D.尿道球腺E.附睾21.以下脑神经属于混合性的是:( )A.嗅神经B.迷走神经C.视神经D.副神经E.动眼神经A.肾脏B.阑尾C.胆囊D.升结肠E.肝23.输尿管:()A.起始于肾盂B.为腹膜内位器官C.可分为腹盆两段D.开口于膀胱颈E.有两个狭窄部位24.窦房结:()A.由平滑肌纤维构成B.位于心内膜深面C.与房室结无联系D.为心的正常起搏点E.以上均非25.动脉弓的分支有:()A.右锁骨下动脉B.左锁骨下动脉C.右颈总动脉D.冠状动脉E.肺动脉干26.膀胱:()A.属于腹膜内位器官B.空虚时位于小骨盆腔内C.膀胱尖处为尿道内口D.膀胱颈的后方有前列腺E.输尿管开口于膀胱体27.属于面颅骨的是:()A.额骨B.蝶骨C.下鼻甲D.颞骨E.枕骨28.有关胸椎的说法中哪项是错误:()A.共12个B.横突上有横突孔C.椎体侧面和横突尖端的前面有助凹D.棘突伸向后下E.参加组成胸廓29.上颌窦开口于:()A.上鼻道B.下鼻道C.中鼻道D.蝶筛隐窝E.以上都不对30.下界的体表投影在腋中线相交于:()A.第5肋B.第6肋C.第7肋D.第8肋E.第9肋31.脑膜中动脉直接起于:( )A.颈内动脉B.颈外动脉C.上颌动脉D.大脑中动脉E.颞浅动脉32.壁胸膜的分部不包括:( )A.肋胸膜B.膈胸膜C.肺胸膜D.胸膜顶E.纵隔胸膜A.为下肢的深静脉B.起自足背静脉弓的外侧部C.经内踝后方D.沿小腿后面上行E.注入股静脉34.鼓室:()A.是与外界不通的小腔B.前壁为鼓膜C.外侧壁为颈静脉壁D.内侧壁为迷路壁E.下壁为乳突壁35.全身最大最复杂的关节是:()A.膝关节B.肩关节C.髋关节D.肘关节E下颌关节36.成人脊髓下端约平对:()A.第1腰椎下缘B.第2腰椎下缘C.第3腰椎下缘D.第1骶椎E.以上都不对37.属脑神经特殊内脏运动核的是:()A.展神经核B.动眼神经核C.面神经核D.舌下神经核E.迷走神经背核38.消化道是指:()A.口腔至十二指肠B.口腔至胃C.食管至十二指肠D.盲肠至直肠E.空肠以下的部分39.颞横回是:()A.视觉中枢B.听觉中枢C.感觉性语言中枢D.运动性语言中枢E.躯体运动中枢40.肱骨体后面中份有:()A.尺神经沟B.桡神经沟C.大结节D.小结节E.鹰嘴窝.41.甲状腺上动脉一般来自:()A.颈总动脉B.甲状颈干C.颈内动脉D.颈外动脉E.以上都不是42.上消化道是指:()A.口腔和咽B.从口腔到食管C.从口腔到胃D.从口腔到十二指肠E.从口腔到空肠二.多项选择题(14分)1.视网膜()A.在中膜的内面B.分外层色素部和内层神经部E.中央凹是感光辨色最敏感的部位2.动脉韧带( )A.连于肺动脉干分叉处偏左侧与主动脉弓之间B.为一结缔组织索C.是胎儿动脉导管闭锁后的遗迹D.来源于动脉圆锥E.位于肺动脉干与升主动脉之间3.属于生殖腺的是()A.尿道球腺B.前列腺C.卵巢D.精囊腺E.睾丸4.分布于手的神经有( )A.肌皮神经B.正中神经C.腋神经D.尺神经E.桡神经5.输精管的分部包括( )A.睾丸部B.附睾部C.腹股沟部D.精索部E.盆部6.属于运动性的脑神经是( )A.视神经B.动眼神经C.滑车神经D.三叉神经E.舌下神7.与咽相通的是( )A.口腔B.鼻腔C.喉腔D.食管E.中耳鼓室8.肺根内含有()A.气管B.主支气管C.肺血管D.淋巴管E.神经9.晶状体( )A.看近物时变扁B.呈双凸透镜状C.借睫状小带连睫状体D.表面有晶状体囊E.发生混浊时称白内障10.主动脉弓的分支有()A.左颈总动脉B.右颈总动脉C.头臂干D.左锁骨下动脉E.右锁骨下动脉11.肩关节( )A.由肱骨头和关节孟构成B.关节囊厚而坚韧C.可作屈、伸运动D.可作环转运动E.灵活性比稳定性大12.左主支气管的特点是( )A.较粗B.较细C.较长D.较短E.较横平13.右冠状动脉( )D.有分支至室间隔后1/3部E.营养右心室14.肾( )A.位于脊柱两侧B.肾门平第l腰椎C.外表紧贴肾筋膜D.髓质由肾锥体构成E.是产生尿器官三.判断正误(14分)1.视网膜感光最敏锐的部位是视神经盘。
近十年重点院校考博解剖专业课试题大全
2002年协和医科大学解剖学考博试题一、名词;1、海式三角(英文)2、胆囊三角3、斜角肌三角4、背盖背区5、REXED板层6、心包斜窦7、鼻烟壶二、填空30分1、肾上腺的血供2、肩胛动脉网3、肛直肠环三、选择20分1、脾的位置2、选择性迷走神经切断术的神经四、问答1、小脑的分叶和联系2、内囊后脚损伤产生那些症状3、踝关节能做那些运动其支配肌肉神经是什么4、骑跨伤损伤造成渗尿会到达那些结构5、胰头癌会压迫那些部位产生什么症状复旦大学医学院2000年解剖学(博士)一、名词解释1、腺管2、胸导管3、海绵窦4、基底膜5、膀胱三角6、胆囊三角7、鼓室二、问答1、针刺中指后痛觉传导通路2、下皮层的功能定位3、肝脏的吡邻复旦大学医学院2001年解剖学(博士)一、名词解释1、膀胱三角2、室上脊3、奇静脉4、海绵窦二、问答1、脊柱的连接2、视觉通路3、心脏的结构复旦大学医学院2002年解剖学(博士)一、名词1、willis环2、肾窦3、巩膜静脉窦二、问答题1.膝关节的组成,运动特点支配肌肉神经2.右心室的结构3.肾脏的解剖毗邻被膜4.丘脑的解剖结构和纤维联系复旦大学医学院2003年解剖学(博士)一、名词解释1.滑膜关节2.肾窦3.腹直肌鞘4.弹性圆锥5.肝胆三角6.语言中枢7.室间隔8.海马-纵隔9.呼吸道二、问答1.手掌动脉的解剖位置2.男性尿道的解剖结构、解剖位置3.脊柱连接4.三叉丘系、脊丘系;内侧、外侧丘系复旦大学医学院2004年解剖学(博士)一、名词解释:(5分/题)1.ptreon;2.结膜穹窿;3.房间隔4.岛叶5.limibic system6.bala7.梨状窝8.venous angle9.髌韧带10.关节盘二、问答题:(10分/题)1.试述内耳的结构组成。
2.内囊的结构和受损后的症状。
3.男性小骨盆与女性小骨盆里都有什么器官,有何区别?4.人体有多少消化腺,其位置形态分泌腺的名称和作用。
四川大学华西医院2007考博题局部解剖学:一、名词解释:颈动脉窦,肺根,面部危险三角区,膀胱直肠陷凹,胆囊三角,(还有一个想不起了)二、问答题:(9选7)1.临床作气管切开的位置,经过的层次,切开过深可损伤的器官,过低可造成什么后果2.盆腹部消化管道的动脉血供及来源3.上、下腔静脉系的吻合支4.腹部器官、结构的体表投影(至少10个)5.子宫的位置,及影响其位置的因素6.股三角的内容、排列及交通7. 腮腺肿大可压迫那些结构8.颈根部的结构9.左右纵隔之间的血管、神经名称及位置2004年湘雅博士入学考试试题局部解剖学名词解释(每题5分,共30分)硬膜外隙(腔);腹股沟管;Willis环(cerebral arterial circle)bronchopulmonary segment;thoracic duct;鞍上池论述题(1、2题必答,每题18分;3、4、5题任选两题,每题17分)1、颈内动脉的行程、分段及分支分布2、后纵隔的位置、结构及毗邻关系3、髂关节的结构、功能、血供及神经支配4、尿道球部损伤尿液外渗的解剖学基础5、论述肝段划分的理论依据及临床意义苏州大学2004年博士入学解剖试题第一题为必答题,然后从其他题目中选4道题目回答。
解剖学考试题与答案
解剖学考试题与答案一、单选题(共100题,每题1分,共100分)1.皮下注射将药物注射到A、皮下静脉B、动脉C、浅筋膜D、真皮正确答案:C2.间皮分布于( )A、淋巴管内B、血管内表面C、心包D、心内膜正确答案:C3.被称为细胞消化器官的细胞器是( )A、溶酶体B、内质网C、高尔基复合体D、中心体正确答案:A4.角膜内含有丰富的A、色素细胞B、淋巴管C、感觉神经末梢D、血管正确答案:C5.合成蛋白质的细胞器是( )A、内质网B、高尔基复合体C、中心体D、核糖体正确答案:D6.小肠的第一部分是A、十二指肠B、回肠C、盲肠D、空肠正确答案:A7.第四脑室正确的是A、有成对的正中孔B、无脉络丛C、下通中脑水管D、底为菱形窝E、上连第三脑室正确答案:D8.外踝是下述哪块骨的一部分A、髋骨B、胫骨C、腓骨D、股骨正确答案:C9.属于眼球中膜的结构是A、虹膜B、视网膜C、巩膜D、角膜正确答案:A10.下列关于肾的描述错误的是A、内侧缘凹陷称肾门B、肾门是肾血管、淋巴管、神经、输尿管出入的部位C、形似蚕豆的实质性器官D、出入肾门的结构总称为肾蒂正确答案:B11.骨伤后能参与修复的结构是A、骨膜B、骨髓C、骨质D、骨骺正确答案:A12.属于淋巴导管的是A、胸导管B、淋巴结C、淋巴干D、淋巴管正确答案:A13.喉软骨中最大的是A、环状软骨B、甲状软骨C、杓状软骨D、会厌软骨正确答案:B14.临床数脉搏和中医切脉的血管是A、肱动脉B、尺动脉C、桡动脉D、腋动脉正确答案:C15.属于肾蒂的结构是A、肾大盏B、肾动脉C、肾小盏D、输尿管正确答案:B16.甲状腺腺泡分泌A、甲状腺激素B、甲状旁腺素C、促甲状腺激素D、降钙素正确答案:A17.更靠近人体正中矢状面的方位称为( )A、近侧B、前C、内侧D、内正确答案:C18.输精管道不包括A、精囊腺排泄管B、附睾C、射精管D、尿道正确答案:A19.区别颈椎的主要特征是A、有椎体B、棘突短C、有椎孔D、有横突孔正确答案:D20.脑脊液的产生部位A、脑表面的动脉B、脑静脉C、脑室内的脉络丛D、室管膜正确答案:C21.关于齿状线,下列叙述正确的是A、是肛门内、外括约肌之间的浅沟B、又称痔环C、由肛柱连接而成D、是黏膜和皮肤的分界线正确答案:D22.属于眼球纤维膜的结构是A、巩膜B、视网膜C、脉络膜D、虹膜正确答案:A23.体循环A、肺静脉内含静脉血B、将血液射入肺动脉干C、与肺泡进行交换D、起自左心室正确答案:D24.消化管中最长的部分是A、胃B、小肠C、大肠D、食管正确答案:B25.人类体细胞有多少条染色体( )A、46B、48C、42D、44正确答案:A26.阑尾根部的体表投影在A、脐与左髂前上嵴连线的中、外1/3交点处B、脐与右髂前上嵴连线的中、内1/3交点处C、脐与左髂前上嵴连线的中、内1/3交点处D、脐与右髂前上嵴连线的中、外1/3交点处正确答案:D27.不属于人体的基本组织的是( )A、骨组织B、肌组织C、结缔组织D、上皮组织正确答案:A28.小隐静脉A、经内踝前方上行B、在足的内侧起自足背静脉弓C、注入腘静脉D、经外踝前方正确答案:C29.输尿管开口于A、膀胱颈B、膀胱底C、膀胱体D、膀胱尖正确答案:B30.与脑桥相连的脑神经是A、动眼神经B、滑车神经C、展神经D、舌咽神经正确答案:C31.连于脑干背侧面的脑神经是A、三叉神经B、展神经C、滑车神经D、舌下神经正确答案:C32.被称为细胞的“能量工厂“的是( )A、中心体B、核糖体C、线粒体D、高尔基复合体正确答案:C33.髂外动脉直接延续为A、腹壁下动脉B、股动脉C、阴部内动脉D、腹壁上动脉正确答案:B34.分布于肌腱的是( )A、致密结缔组织B、疏松结缔组织C、脂肪组织D、网状组织正确答案:A35.降钙素是由A、甲状腺腺泡分泌B、滤泡旁细胞分泌C、球旁细胞分泌D、间质细胞分泌正确答案:B36.食管第一处狭窄距中切牙A、15cmB、25cmC、45cmD、40cm正确答案:A37.参与细胞有丝分裂的是( )A、高尔基复合体B、内质网C、中心体D、微管、微丝正确答案:C38.肩胛骨下角平对A、第二肋B、第三肋C、第四肋D、第七肋正确答案:D39.受精的部位是A、输卵管壶腹B、输卵管伞C、子宫部D、输卵管漏斗正确答案:A40.左颈总动脉起自A、头臂干B、降主动脉C、升主动脉D、主动脉弓正确答案:D41.右肺的特点A、有心切迹B、较狭长C、较粗短D、分上、下两叶正确答案:C42.成人脊髓的位置A、上端平枕骨大孔与中脑相连B、下端成人平齐第一腰椎下缘C、下端成人平齐第三腰椎下缘D、下端成人平齐第二骶椎下缘正确答案:B43.产生房水的主要结构是A、泪腺B、睫状体C、虹膜D、角膜正确答案:B44.区分额叶与顶叶的是A、外侧沟B、中央沟C、中央前沟D、顶枕沟正确答案:B45.下列关于胸膜腔的说法错误的是A、是一密闭的腔B、腔内有少量的浆液C、是一潜在的腔D、左、右胸膜腔相通正确答案:D46.关于染色体的叙述哪项是错误的( )A、体细胞染色体称双倍体B、与染色质是同一种物质C、成熟的生殖细胞有成对的22对染色体D、体细胞有性染色体1对正确答案:C47.中性粒细胞占白细胞总数的( )A、50~70%B、3~8%C、0.5~3%D、20~30%正确答案:A48.肺内侧面的中央凹陷称A、肺凹B、肺根C、肺底D、肺门正确答案:D49.女性体细胞的性染色体是( )A、XXB、YC、XD、XY正确答案:A50.下列对椎间盘的描述不正确的是A、属于椎体间的连结B、纤维环位于周围,属于纤维软骨C、髓核位于中央,缺乏弹性D、由纤维环和髓核组成正确答案:C51.关于盲肠的叙述,正确的是A、以盲端起始B、前内侧壁附有阑尾C、没有结肠带D、位于左髂窝内正确答案:A52.人体最大的籽骨是A、尺骨B、肱骨C、桡骨D、髌骨正确答案:D53.维持眼压的眼球内容物是A、泪液B、玻璃体C、房水D、晶状体正确答案:C54.出入肾门的结构不包括A、神经、淋巴管B、输尿管C、肾动脉D、肾孟正确答案:B55.不属于上呼吸道是A、鼻B、气管C、喉D、咽正确答案:B56.易发生水肿的部位在A、喉前庭B、声门下腔C、声门裂D、喉中间腔正确答案:B57.心的位置A、前方对向胸骨体B、前方对向第2-6肋软骨C、位于胸腔的前纵隔内D、位于胸腔的中纵隔内正确答案:D58.鼻泪管开口于A、中鼻道B、上鼻道C、上鼻甲D、下鼻道正确答案:D59.支配三角肌的神经是A、肌皮神经B、桡神经C、腋神经D、尺神经正确答案:C60.全身最灵活的关节是A、肘关节B、膝关节C、腕关节D、肩关节正确答案:D61.人体消化食物、吸收营养物质的主要部位是A、食管B、大肠C、小肠D、胃正确答案:C62.蛛网膜粒主要位于下列哪个窦的两侧A、下矢状窦B、海绵窦C、上矢状窦D、乙状窦正确答案:C63.毛细淋巴管A、起自淋巴结B、与毛细血管相互吻合C、位于组织间隙D、连于小静脉与小淋巴管之间正确答案:C64.胸导管沿途收集的淋巴干A、肠干B、右腰干C、右颈干D、左支气管纵隔干E、右锁骨下干正确答案:D65.与盲肠相连的器官是A、胃B、十二指肠C、回肠D、空肠正确答案:C66.晶状体的位置在A、睫状体的前方B、角膜与虹膜之间C、虹膜的前方D、玻璃体的前方正确答案:D67.下列有关气管位置的描述何者错误A、在上纵隔内B、位于颈前部正中C、在咽的下方D、在食管的前方正确答案:C68.全身最主要的呼吸肌是A、腹肌B、斜方肌C、膈肌D、肋间内、外肌正确答案:C69.颈外动脉的终支是A、颞浅动脉B、眼动脉C、舌动脉D、面动脉正确答案:A70.关于脊神经的说法正确的是B、都是感觉性C、在椎管内分前后两支D、所有前支均混合成丛正确答案:A71.最大且明显的直肠横襞距肛门约A、6cmB、7cmC、8cmD、5cm正确答案:B72.与中脑相连的脑神经是A、展神经B、滑车神经C、面神经D、三叉神经正确答案:B73.属于肾皮质的结构A、肾大盏B、肾乳头C、肾锥体D、肾柱正确答案:D74.外耳道的外侧1/3部为A、膜性部B、软骨部C、骨部D、肌性部正确答案:B75.盐皮质激素是由A、肾上腺皮质束状带分泌B、肾上腺皮质网状带分泌C、肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞分泌D、肾上腺皮质球状带分泌正确答案:D76.防止子宫脱垂的韧带是A、子宫圆韧带B、子宫主韧带C、子宫阔韧带D、骶子宫韧带正确答案:B77.男性尿道在导尿时下列哪个结构可消失B、耻骨下弯C、膜部D、前尿道正确答案:A78.弹性软骨分布于( )。
各院校历年考博解剖真题
中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1995年1. 心脏的血供。
2. 胃的静脉和淋巴回流。
3. 眼的神经支配。
4. 颈部的淋巴回流。
中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1996年1. 眼的神经支配。
2. 内囊的位置和后肢损伤后的表现。
3. 肾脏的位置和毗邻。
4. 腋窝淋巴结分布及回流。
5. 腹膜附属结构、大小网膜的功能。
中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1997年1.神经元的形态分类。
2.眼眶内的静脉、神经分布。
3.三角肌、前踞肌、背阔肌的起止、功能和神经支配。
4.本体感觉传导通路,为什么小脑损害会引起指鼻不准、走路蹒跚。
5.腹膜和腹膜囊的构成韧带和窝。
6.上下腔静脉的构成、之间的吻合、临床意义。
7.腋动脉的分段,分支供应的器官和伴随神经支配的器官。
中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1998年1.臂丛神经分支(5支)的分布。
2.腹股沟管的结构、通过的神经。
3.甲状腺的血供、静脉回流。
4.心脏的血供、静脉回流。
5.头面部本体感觉传导通路、交叉上下损害的特点。
6.眼的神经、动脉。
7.咽腔组成,鼻咽癌的好发部位。
8.食管的行程及三个狭窄生理意义。
中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1999年1.以肩关节为例叙述关节的基本结构和附属结构。
2.眼动脉的分支和静脉回流。
3.瞳孔对光反射的路径;一侧视神经和动眼神经损伤的表现。
4.脑干特殊内脏运动神经核名称、位置,纤维组成颅神经的分布。
5.颈外动脉在颈部的分支、起止、走行和分布。
6.腹膜后间隙定义、范围和脏器。
7.臀部神经的分层,经梨状肌上孔的神经、血管及相对的供应和支配。
8.直肠肛管上下的动脉、静脉和神经的特点。
中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖2000年1、臂丛的神经分支及分布。
2、上颌动脉的走行和分支。
3、腹腔淋巴结的分布和范围。
4、脑干网状结构的形态和功能。
5、心脏的形态、位置、毗邻、动静脉及神经支配。
6、下丘脑的主要核团及分泌激素。
7、子宫的固定装置。
中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖2002年六选五1、叙述眼内、外肌的神经支配和功能。
骨科博士真题分类整理(暂不包括2012)全解
骨科总论骨折类型与愈后的关系试述四肢长骨的血供、骨膜结构及二者与骨折愈合的关系。
四肢主要动脉伤特征为何? 怎样处理开放性股骨骨折合并股动脉伤? 四肢长骨骨折合并哪些神经损伤?长骨骨折及神经损伤的处理原则?四肢长骨骨干骨折内、外固定的方法有哪些?各有什么优缺点?儿童骨折治疗原则2试述骨骺骨折的分型和处理原则。
略述骨组织工程的三要素及骨组织工程学的研究进展。
骨折内固定的机制和方法骨外固定优点:骨外固定适应证内固定并发症试述骨骺骨折的分型和处理原则。
爆裂性骨折前路手术适应症?试述骨折晚期并发症及其发生原因简述骨折不愈合的定义及X线片特点何谓骨不连,2如何处理骨不连的分类、诊断、治疗原则骨不连的原因生物学接骨生物学固定机理概述骨不连治疗中,几个方面如生物、机械、电学等进展和应用。
试述骨不连形成的原因及内源性骨性骨生长因子的研究进展。
生物学接骨;生物学固定机理;外固定器在骨科上的应用;开放性关节损伤的定义、治疗的主要目的、分度及处理2试述小儿长骨骺板的结构,骨骺损伤的类型及其治疗原则。
老年人轻微外伤所致严重骨折的原因有哪些?简述其进一步诊断及处理要点。
老年人易患骨折的原因、诊断、处理有哪些?简述其进一步诊断及处理要点。
试述筋膜间隔综合征的诊断和处理要点。
试述小腿筋膜间隙综合征的原因、临床表现及诊断治疗原则。
简述挤压综合征的诊断和处理原则。
前臂缺血性肌挛缩的早期论断依据及治疗方法.简述肢体发生缺血性挛缩的原因、常见部位、爱累组织、临床表现及其预防和处理。
骺板的组织学结构是什么?略述骨组织工程的三要素及骨组织工程学的研究进展。
骨组织工程的治疗进展对矫形外科植入用生物材料有何具体要求? 目前常用的有哪些材料, 各有何优缺点?试述各种植骨材料的优缺点及其研究进展。
医用生物材料的要求、种类及其在矫外的应用概况与发展方向。
长段骨缺损的治疗新进展哪些情况需植骨,植骨来源有哪几种, 各有何优缺点?试述髋关节的理学检查方法.脂肪栓塞综合征的诊断和治疗要点。
骨科各校考博真题
四川大学博士入学考试试题骨科专业2004年一、名词解释:(每题2分)Tissue engineeringColles’ fractureBone-fascia compartment syndromeGaleazzi’s fractureThomas sign二、问答题:⒈上下肢骨传导音的检查方法及意义?⒉股骨头血供的特点及其对股骨颈骨折的临床治疗、预后的指导意义?⒊脊柱“三柱”理论的原理及其对脊柱骨折治疗的指导意义?请简述脊柱骨折治疗的基本原则?⒋人工髋关节置换术后骨溶解的病理生理及临床表现?目前有效的治疗方法?⒌骨关节结核与慢性骨关节化脓性感染的异同?请简述两者治疗方法的特点?⒍病案分析男性,30岁,伤后8小时入院,双下肢活动障碍,双骶髂关节部肿胀疼痛。
X光片下示耻骨联合分离3Cm,双侧骶髂关节脱位,骶骨骨折。
请给出治疗方案并说明理由。
骨外:1 颈椎病的手术方法有哪些,请阐述各方法的适应症及优缺点2 阐述人工全髋关节翻修术中骨缺损的分类和处理方法3 何谓骨不连,如何处理4 骨肿瘤切除方法有哪些,如何定义第二军医大学2005年矫形外科学(博士)一、填空题1′×10空=10分1、多发性损伤的抢救措施(A-F 中英文填写)2、股骨头的血供_____,_________,_________,________。
3、化脓性骨髓炎的感染途径_____,_________,______。
4、急性骨髓炎骨坏死的原因_________,________。
二、名词解释2′×10题=20分1、tutrial cord syndrome2、Jefferson fracture3、BMP4、Bohler angle5、Brown-Sequard syndrome6、Bragd sign7、McGarge's line三、简答题 5分×4题=20分1、脊柱的三柱理论2、Cerebral palsy的临床分型,哪一型最常见?3、Barton骨折的定义及诊治要点五、问答题 30分1、骶骨骨折的Denis分类及临床意义(7′)2、股骨头无菌性坏死的原因及分期(原因至少写出8个)(7′)3、开放性骨折的处理原则及进展(8′)4、微创脊柱外科的发展历程及进展(8′)2003一、名词解释1.BMP2.张力带固定3.肥大型骨不愈4.脊髓震荡5.静力锁钉二、论述题1.二期愈合组织学2.生物学固定机理3.慢性骨髓炎4.良恶性骨肿瘤鉴别5.股骨颈骨折内固定,关节置换适应症三、病例分析:骨筋膜室综合症同济医科大学博士入学考试试题骨科学2004年一名解(原题为英文)1。
人体解剖学试题(附答案)
人体解剖学试题(附答案)一、单选题(共100题,每题1分,共100分)1.腺垂体分泌A、降钙素B、甲状旁腺激素C、促甲状腺激素D、甲状腺素E、肾上腺素正确答案:C2.男性尿道恒定的弯曲是A、耻骨上弯B、耻骨下弯C、耻骨前弯D、耻骨后弯E、以上都不是正确答案:B3.关于成人膀胱的位置,说法正确的是A、女性膀胱的上方邻尿生殖隔B、膀胱位于盆腔的后部C、膀胱位于盆腔的前部D、女性膀胱的前方为子宫和阴道E、膀胱后方为耻骨联合正确答案:C4.滤泡旁细胞分泌A、甲状腺素B、降钙素C、松弛素D、生长素E、催乳素正确答案:B5.有齿突的是A、第7颈椎B、第2颈椎C、. 第3颈椎D、. 第5颈椎E、第4颈椎正确答案:B6.受精卵埋入子宫内膜的过程称为A、桑椹胚B、卵裂C、胚泡D、植入E、受精正确答案:D7.对肺的描述正确的是A、右肺有1个斜裂,1个水平裂B、右肺分上、下2叶C、肺尖位于上纵膈D、左肺有2个裂E、左肺分上、中、下3个裂正确答案:A8.上呼吸道是指A、中鼻道以上的鼻腔B、口、鼻和咽C、鼻、咽和喉D、主支气管以上的呼吸道E、鼻、咽、喉和气管正确答案:C9.对晶状体的描述的是A、位于虹膜与玻璃体之间B、形似双凸透镜C、无色透明,富有弹性D、不含血管和神经E、以上都不对正确答案:E10.当上肢出血时可在锁骨中点上方的锁骨上窝处压迫哪个动脉进行止血A、颈外动脉B、颈内动脉C、腋动脉D、锁骨下动脉E、肱动脉正确答案:D11.对小隐静脉描述的是A、至腹股沟穿隐静脉裂孔注入股静脉B、起于足背静脉弓的外侧C、至腘窝处穿深筋膜注入腘静脉D、沿小腿后面中线上行E、经过外踝后方正确答案:A12.骨从形态上分为A、骨板和骨小梁B、密质骨和松质骨C、长骨、短骨、扁骨和不规则骨D、骨质、骨膜和骨髓E、内、外板正确答案:C13.对咽的描述正确的是A、喉部的侧壁上有腭扁桃体B、前壁和后壁都不完整C、前部只与鼻腔、口腔相通D、鼻咽部的侧壁上有咽鼓管咽口E、只是消化道的一部分正确答案:D14.开口于蝶筛隐窝的是A、蝶窦B、鼻泪管C、筛窦前群D、额窦E、上颌窦正确答案:A15.催产素从何处释放人血A、卵巢B、下丘脑C、腺垂体D、子宫E、神经垂体正确答案:E16.副神经是A、第九对脑神经B、第六对脑神经C、第十一对脑神经D、第八对脑神经E、第七对脑神经正确答案:C17.肝门静脉的主要属支有A、肠系膜上静脉、肠系膜下静脉B、脾静脉C、胃左静脉、胃右静脉D、附脐静脉E、以上都正确正确答案:E18.弹性软骨分布于A、会厌软骨B、关节软骨C、肋软骨D、椎间盘E、耻骨联合正确答案:A19.假复层柱状上皮分布于A、淋巴管B、肾小管C、皮肤D、胃E、气管正确答案:E20.对脾的位置描述正确的是A、人体最大的淋巴器官B、位于左季肋区C、第9-11肋的深面D、长轴与第10肋一致E、以上都正确正确答案:E21.属于长骨的A、尾骨B、腰椎C、骶骨D、胫骨E、颈椎正确答案:D22.肋弓的构成A、第1-3肋B、. 第10-12肋C、第3-5肋D、第8-10肋E、第2-4肋正确答案:D23.组成人体的基本组织是A、上皮组织B、结缔组织C、肌组织D、神经组织E、以上全都是正确答案:E24.下列泌尿系统的组成A、输尿管B、前列腺C、尿道D、肾E、膀胱正确答案:B25.对右淋巴导管描述的是A、注入左静脉角B、位于右颈根部C、由右颈干、右锁骨下干、右支气管纵隔干汇合而成D、收集人体1/4淋巴回流E、为一短干,长约1.5cm正确答案:A26.蝶窦开口于A、鼻中隔B、中鼻道C、下鼻道D、上鼻道E、蝶筛隐窝正确答案:E27.呼吸道异物大多坠入到A、左主支气管B、右主支气管C、左肺D、右肺E、以上都不是正确答案:B28.淋巴系统包括A、淋巴管道B、淋巴器官C、淋巴组织D、淋巴液E、以上都正确正确答案:E29.肠系膜上动脉起自A、肝总动脉B、胸主动脉C、腹主动脉D、腹腔干E、胃左动脉正确答案:C30.阅读中枢在A、边缘叶B、颞横回C、中央前回D、角回E、距状沟两侧的皮质正确答案:D31.三叉神经是A、第三对脑神经B、第五对脑神经C、第四对脑神经D、第二对脑神经E、第一对脑神经正确答案:B32.构成胸廓的骨是A、胸骨、肋、胸椎、锁骨B、胸骨、肋、椎骨C、胸骨、锁骨D、胸骨、肋E、胸骨、肋、胸椎正确答案:E33.通过膈肌主动脉裂孔的结构是A、主动脉B、食管C、迷走神经D、气管E、下腔静脉正确答案:A34.人体最复杂的关节是A、肘关节B、膝关节C、髋关节D、肩关节E、腕关节正确答案:B35.分泌催产素的神经核A、尾状核B、视上核C、杏仁体D、豆状核E、室旁核正确答案:E36.肩胛骨上角平对A、第2肋B、. 第3肋C、第1肋D、第4肋E、. 第5肋正确答案:A37.心表面的4条沟是A、冠状沟B、前室间沟C、后室间沟D、房间沟E、以上都正确正确答案:E38.方形肩是由于哪一块肌肉萎缩导致的A、胸大肌B、三角肌C、斜方肌D、竖脊肌E、菱形肌正确答案:B39.翼点骨折时容易损伤的动脉是A、脑膜中动脉B、上颌动脉C、颈内动脉D、颞浅动脉E、面动脉正确答案:A40.胆囊动脉起自A、肝总动脉B、胃左动脉C、脾动脉D、胃十二指肠动脉E、肝固有动脉正确答案:E41.关于卵巢说法,的是A、为女性生殖腺B、卵巢的大小和性状随年龄增长无差异C、左右各一D、位于盆腔内E、呈扁卵圆形正确答案:B42.临床上常用作静脉注射、输液或采血的上肢浅静脉是A、头静脉B、锁骨下静脉C、肱静脉D、贵要静脉E、肘正中静脉正确答案:E43.胸膜是A、是仅被复于胸壁内面的浆膜B、是仅复盖于左、右肺面的浆膜C、不伸入肺叶间裂内D、是仅复盖于膈上面的浆膜E、脏胸膜与壁胸膜的总称正确答案:E44.生命反射中枢位于A、中脑B、脊髓C、小脑D、延髓E、脑桥正确答案:D45.对角膜的描述的是A、具有折光作用B、无色透明C、无血管D、有丰富的神经末梢E、以上都不对正确答案:E46.壁胸膜和脏胸膜互相移行处在A、肺尖B、肺门C、斜裂D、肺根E、肺底正确答案:D47.人体结构最复杂的关节是A、腕关节B、肘关节C、髋关节D、肩关节E、膝关节正确答案:E48.髂内动脉脏支的分支有A、脐动脉B、膀胱下动脉C、直肠下动脉D、子宫动脉E、以上都正确正确答案:E49.甲状旁腺分泌A、甲状腺素B、生长素C、降钙素D、催乳素E、甲状旁腺激素正确答案:E50.下列关于前列腺,说法正确的是A、尿道从前列腺中央穿过B、前后略扁的肾形C、前列腺增大时,不压迫尿道D、前列腺位于直肠与尿生殖隔之间E、位于直肠和膀胱之间正确答案:A51.结扎输卵管常选在输卵管哪个部分A、海绵部B、子宫部C、峡部D、壶腹部E、漏斗部正确答案:C52.躯干骨A、颈椎B、胸骨C、锁骨D、肋E、腰椎正确答案:C53.尿液在哪里进行暂时存储,当存储到一定量后再排出体外A、输尿管B、尿道C、膀胱D、输精管E、肾脏正确答案:C54.前庭神经是A、第十对脑神经B、第八对脑神经C、第九对脑神经D、第七对脑神经E、第六对脑神经正确答案:B55.鼻出血的好发部位是A、鼻中隔前下部B、鼻腔顶部C、鼻中隔后上部D、鼻腔后部E、鼻腔外侧壁正确答案:A56.肾脏结构与功能的基本单位是A、肾单位B、集合管C、肾小囊D、肾盂E、肾小体正确答案:A57.限制子宫向两侧移位的结构是A、子宫阔韧带B、子宫主韧带C、子宫圆韧带D、骶子宫韧带E、以上都不是正确答案:A58.肝门静脉回流受阻时的临床表现有A、呕血B、便血C、脾大D、腹水E、以上都正确正确答案:E59.男尿道3个狭窄A、尿道内口、尿道海绵体部、尿道外口B、尿道内口、膜部、尿道外口C、尿道球部、尿道海绵体部、前列腺部D、尿道海绵体部、尿道外口、舟状窝E、尿道内口、舟状窝、尿道膜部正确答案:B60.脉管系统的功能A、运输营养物质和代谢产物B、运输气体C、将激素等活性物质运输到靶器官D、参与机体防御及体液调节E、以上都正确正确答案:E61.骨盆界线的结构是A、骶骨岬B、髂嵴C、耻骨梳D、弓状线E、耻骨联合上缘正确答案:B62.食管第三狭窄距中切牙的距离是A、40cmB、15cmC、25cmD、20cmE、35cm正确答案:A63.对大肠的描述正确的是A、结肠和直肠的表面有三条平行的结肠带B、结肠分为升结肠、横结肠和降结肠C、直肠盆部的粘膜上有肛柱D、升结肠活动度较大E、结肠在S3平面续于直肠正确答案:E64.近背侧称为A、后B、内侧C、前D、外侧E、远侧正确答案:A65.下面对胰的描述正确的是A、是人体第二大腺体B、由外分泌部和内分泌部组成C、位于胃的后方D、在第一~二腰椎高度横贴于腹后壁E、以上都正确正确答案:E66.属于上肢骨的是A、股骨B、肱骨C、髋骨D、肋骨E、枕骨正确答案:B67.骨迷路包括A、蜗管B、前庭C、壶腹嵴D、球囊E、以上都是正确答案:A68.室间隔缺损的好发部位在A、室间隔膜部B、室间隔肌部C、左心室D、右心室E、以上都不对正确答案:A69.与下肢骨骼肌随意运动有关的结构是A、皮质核束B、皮质脊髓束C、脊髓丘脑束D、薄束E、内侧丘系正确答案:B70.女性尿道的特点A、尿道长、宽、直B、尿道长、窄、弯曲C、尿道长、窄、直D、尿道短、宽、直E、尿道长、宽、弯曲正确答案:D71.对心脏的位置描述正确的是A、位于中纵隔内B、纵轴约与身体矢状面和水平面呈45°角C、约2/3居正中线的左侧,1/3居正中线的右侧D、下方邻膈的中心腱E、以上都正确正确答案:E72.视觉中枢在A、海马回的钩附近B、边缘叶C、距状沟两侧的皮质D、中央前回E、颞横回正确答案:C73.构成肩关节的是A、肱骨、肩胛骨B、肋、肱骨C、肩胛骨、锁骨E、胸骨、锁骨正确答案:A74.对结肠的描述正确的是A、为腹膜内位器官B、在S3平面续于直肠C、在右髂窝与回肠相连D、各部均有系膜E、分为升结肠、横结肠和乙状结肠3部正确答案:B75.下消化道是A、从十二指肠到肛管B、从回肠到肛管C、从小肠到大肠D、胃、小肠、大肠E、从空肠到肛管正确答案:E76.属于腹膜间位器官的是A、卵巢B、胃C、肾D、脾E、肝正确答案:E77.食物容易滞留的部位是A、咽隐窝B、咽后壁C、软腭粘膜的深部D、腭扁桃体窝内E、梨状隐窝正确答案:E78.构成髋关节的是A、骶骨和股骨B、胫骨和腓骨D、髋骨和股骨E、髋骨和骶骨正确答案:D79.输精管按行程分为4部,下列的是A、睾丸部B、腹股沟管部C、盆部D、精索部E、腹部正确答案:E80.肌内注射常选择A、肋间肌B、臀小肌C、臀大肌D、胸锁乳突肌E、胸大肌正确答案:C81.组成肋弓的是A、第2~5肋B、第2~7肋C、第8~10肋D、第12肋E、第4~7肋正确答案:C82.常见肩关节脱臼的方位是A、后方B、前方C、上方D、下方E、前下正确答案:E83.属于躯干骨的是A、髋骨B、枕骨C、股骨D、肋骨E、肱骨正确答案:D84.环形的软骨是A、环状软骨B、甲状软骨C、会厌软骨D、舌骨E、杓状软骨正确答案:A85.假复层纤毛柱状上皮分布于A、子宫B、小肠C、食道D、气管E、膀胱正确答案:D86.两侧髂嵴最高点的连线平对A、第3腰椎棘突B、第2腰椎棘突C、第1腰椎棘突D、第4腰椎棘突E、第5腰椎棘突正确答案:D87.排便反射中枢位于A、延髓B、脑桥C、小脑D、脊髓E、中脑正确答案:D88.腺垂体分泌A、甲状腺素B、催乳素C、甲状旁腺激素D、促性腺激素E、降钙素正确答案:D89.对体循环动脉的描述的是A、人体各大局部都有1-2条动脉干B、动脉位置比较表浅C、对称分布D、动脉多以最短的距离到达它所分布的器官E、躯干部有脏支、壁支之分正确答案:B90.支配瞳孔括约肌的副交感神经纤维来自A、动眼神经B、舌咽神经C、展神经D、面神经E、迷走神经正确答案:A91.对静脉的描述的是A、是引导血液由毛细血管回心的血管B、分为大、中、小、微四种类型C、最后汇合成大静脉注入心室D、静脉是临床上穿刺、输液的主要血管E、以上都不对正确答案:C92.男性生殖腺是A、精囊腺B、肾脏C、前列腺D、尿道球腺E、睾丸正确答案:E93.能合成神经递质的部位是A、突触B、尼氏体C、树突D、轴突E、以上都是正确答案:B94.下列畸形胎的是A、多胎B、胸联双胎C、寄生胎D、臀联双胎E、胎内胎正确答案:A95.晶状体混浊可导致A、近视B、远视C、视网膜剥离D、白内障E、青光眼正确答案:D96.下列哪一器官不属于内脏A、子宫B、食管C、心D、膀胱E、肺正确答案:C97.肌肉注射的常选部位是A、肱肌B、喙肱肌C、肱二头肌D、肱三头肌E、三角肌正确答案:E98.内囊位于A、尾状核B、杏仁体C、背侧丘脑D、豆状核E、尾状核、豆状核、背侧丘脑之间正确答案:E99.透明软骨分布于A、耻骨联合B、耳廓C、椎间盘D、会厌软骨E、甲状软骨正确答案:E100.蛛网膜下隙的脑脊液进入上矢状窦通过A、直窦B、硬脑膜窦C、蛛网膜下池D、脉络丛E、蛛网膜粒正确答案:E。
人体解剖学模考试题与参考答案
人体解剖学模考试题与参考答案一、多选题(共100题,每题1分,共100分)1.背侧丘脑腹后外侧核接受()A、三叉丘系B、内侧纵束C、内侧丘系D、脊髓丘脑束E、齿状核纤维正确答案:CD2.Which of the following sinuses open into middle nasal meatus?A、spenoidal sinusB、maxillary sinusC、frontal sinusD、posterior group opens into superior nasal meatusE、anterior and middle groups of the ethmoidal sinusus正确答案:BCE3.动眼神经支配A、上直肌B、内直肌C、上斜肌D、下直肌E、下斜肌正确答案:ABDE4.髋骨和脊柱连结的韧带是()A、髂腰韧带B、骶棘韧带C、骶结节韧带D、前纵韧带E、闭孔膜正确答案:ABC5.About the corticospinal tract, which of the following descriptions are correct.A、It originates from the giant pyramidal cells (锥体细胞) of superior and middle parts of primary somaB、It passes through the posterior limb of internal capsule (内囊后肢).C、In the mesencephalon, it is situated in the intermediate 3/5 of crus cerebri (大脑脚底).D、In the medulla oblongata, it located deep to the pyramid.E、At the level of inferior end of medulla oblongata, the small part of the cordicospinal tract crosses正确答案:ABCD6.有关前臂前群肌的描述正确的是()A、肱桡肌受桡神经支配B、掌长肌受正中神经支配C、指浅和指深屈肌腱通过腕管D、尺侧腕屈肌受尺神经支配E、有参与屈拇指的肌正确答案:ABCDE7.右冠状动脉供血范围是()A、左心室后壁一部分B、窦房结和房室结C、室间隔后1/3D、右心室E、右心房正确答案:ABCDE8.Which of the followings form the boundaries of the femoral triangleA、lateral border of the adductor longusB、medial border of the adductor longus (长收肌)C、medial border of sartoriusD、lateral border of sartoriusE、inguinal ligament (腹股沟韧带)正确答案:BCE9.膝交叉韧带()A、在关节囊内B、在伸膝时最紧张C、前交叉韧带防止胫骨前移D、表面无滑膜E、后交叉韧带防止胫骨后移正确答案:ACE10.输精管可分为()A、睾丸部B、精索部C、盆部D、前列腺部E、腹股沟管部正确答案:ABCE11.屈肘关节的肌有A、肱三头肌B、喙肱肌C、肱肌D、肱桡肌E、旋前圆肌正确答案:CDE12.肱二头肌()A、止于尺骨粗隆B、短头起自肩胛骨喙突C、能伸肘关节D、止于尺骨鹰嘴E、长头起自肩胛骨关节孟的上方正确答案:BE13.下消化道包括A、直肠B、盲肠C、肛管D、十二指肠E、阑尾正确答案:ABCE14.营养胃的动脉有()A、胃网膜左动脉B、胃右动脉C、胃左动脉D、胃后动脉E、胃短动脉正确答案:ABCDE15.心脏的神经支配A、心深丛B、迷走神经经颈心支C、心浅丛D、颈交感神经节E、喉返神经心支正确答案:ABCDE16.参与了椎体连结的结构的是()A、椎间盘B、黄韧带C、前纵韧带D、后纵韧带E、关节突关节正确答案:ACD17.脑脊液()A、由第四脑室的外侧孔和正中孔流入蛛网膜下隙B、有维持颅内压的作用C、经蛛网膜粒渗入下矢状窦D、充满硬脑膜与蛛网膜之间E、由脑室的脉络丛产生正确答案:ABE18.有关内分泌腺说法中,正确的描述是()A、能分泌激素参与神经体液调节B、其结构和功能活动有显著的年龄变化C、为有导管腺D、有丰富的血液供应E、前列腺属于内分泌腺正确答案:ABD19.在下肢不能见到的体表标志有()A、梨状肌B、股二头肌C、半膜肌D、腓肠肌E、长收肌正确答案:AE20.颅()A、成人面颅占全颅的1/4B、蝶骨构成颅底中部C、脑颅8块D、颅盖由额骨和顶骨构成E、面颅骨15块正确答案:ABCE21.关于脑神经的描述,哪些正确A、迷走神经支配胃壁腺体的分泌B、上颌神经支配鼻黏膜腺体的分泌C、舌咽神经支配腮腺分泌D、面神经支配泪腺分泌E、面神经支配舌下腺和下颌下腺分泌正确答案:ACDE22.Which of the following arteries are the branches of the external carotid artery?A、inferior thyroid artery (甲状腺下动脉)B、lingual artery (舌动脉)C、vertebral artery (椎动脉)D、superior thyroid artery (甲状腺上动脉)E、maxillary artery (上颌动脉)正确答案:BDE23.对坐骨神经的描述,正确的是A、并分支支配臀大肌B、是全身最粗大的混合神经C、经梨状肌下孔至臀大肌深面D、分支至股后群肌E、在坐骨结节和股骨小转子之间下行正确答案:BCD24.About the uterine tube, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、The paired uterine tubes transport ovums from the overies to the uterus.B、It can be divided into 3 parts.C、The isthmus of uterine tube is the narrowest part and is the region where the ligation of the uterinD、Fertilization occurs in the uterine part of uterine tube.E、The infundibulum of the uterine tube bears s number of finger-like processes called fimbriae of uter正确答案:ACE25.有关前臂前群肌的描述正确的是()A、指浅屈肌可屈2~5指的远侧指间关节B、尺侧腕屈肌受尺神经支配C、桡侧腕屈肌受桡神经支配D、有参与拇指对掌的肌E、旋前方肌受正中神经支配正确答案:BE26.对交感神经节后纤维的描述正确的是A、终止于相应的椎旁节B、攀附动脉表面形成丛,并随动脉分之分布C、经灰交通支返回脊神经D、随脊神经分布于肢体血管,汗腺和立毛肌E、终止于相应的椎前节正确答案:BCD27.蛛网膜粒()A、突入上矢状窦B、突入蛛网膜下隙C、是蛛网膜所形成的结构D、是脑脊液进入血液循环的途径E、呈绒毛状突起正确答案:ACDE28.Which of the following muscles can evert the foot?A、peroneus longus (腓骨长肌)B、tabialis posteriorC、peroneus brevis (腓骨短肌)D、triceps suraeE、tibialis anterior正确答案:AC29.About the nose, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、It is not only the beginning part of respiratory duct, but also the olfactory organ (嗅觉器官).B、It can be divided into 2 parts: external nose and nasal cavity.C、The nasal cavity is subdivided into nasal vestibule (鼻前庭)and proper nasal cavity (固有鼻腔).D、On the lateral walls of nasal cavity are three bony projections, the superior, middle, and inferiorE、The paranasal sinuses open into the nasal cavity.正确答案:ACDE30.有关肘关节的描述正确的是()A、关节囊后壁最薄弱,常见桡尺骨向后脱位B、正中神经损伤,肘关节不能屈C、肱三头肌是最主要的伸肘关节肌D、可分肱尺关节、肱桡关节和桡尺远侧关节三部分E、4岁前,易发生肱骨小头半脱位正确答案:AC31.翼腭窝内有()A、上颌神经B、翼腭神经C、翼腭神经节D、上牙槽后神经E、岩大神经正确答案:ABCDE32.缝匠肌()A、全身最长的肌B、止于股骨内上髁D、可伸膝关节E、以上全对正确答案:AC33.拇指腕掌关节()A、关节近侧是第1掌骨底B、关节远侧是大多角骨C、是球窝关节D、可屈伸、收展、环转和对掌E、对掌运动是拇指尖与其它四指指尖掌侧面的接触正确答案:ABDE34.心底的大血管中,内含动脉血的为()A、上腔静脉B、主动脉C、下腔静脉D、肺动脉E、肺静脉正确答案:BE35.滑车神经()A、经眶下裂入眶B、起于滑车神经核C、是唯一自脑干背侧发出的脑神经D、支配下斜肌E、行于海绵窦外侧壁正确答案:BCE36.颈外动脉的分支有()A、甲状腺上动脉B、面动脉C、舌动脉D、颞浅动脉E、甲状腺下动脉正确答案:ABCD37.髋关节()A、股骨颈骨完全包在关节囊内C、可作三轴运动D、关节囊内有股骨头韧带E、关节囊坚韧致密正确答案:BCDE38.疑核发出纤维加入()A、迷走神经B、副神经C、舌咽神经D、三叉神经E、面神经正确答案:ABC39.眼的屈光系统包括()A、房水B、晶状体C、角膜D、玻璃体E、睫状体正确答案:ABCD40.膀胱()A、老年人因膀胱肌张力低而容量增大B、是储存尿液的肌性器官C、为实质性器官D、大小和位置随尿液的充盈程度而异E、正常成人容量为350-500ml正确答案:ABDE41.海氏()三角()A、位于腹前壁下部B、位于腹壁下动脉的内侧C、腹腔内容物直接由此膨出为腹股沟直疝D、位于腹直肌的外侧E、以上全对正确答案:ABCDE42.有关髋肌后群的描述正确的是()A、臀中肌受臀上神经支配B、臀大肌受臀下神经支配C、闭孔内肌可使髋关节旋内D、臀小肌可使髋关节外展E、闭孔外肌可使髋关节旋外正确答案:ABDE43.有关大唾液腺的描述正确的是()A、支配腮腺的副交感神经来源于舌咽神经B、支配下颌下腺的副交感神经来源于舌神经C、舌下腺位于舌下襞深面D、腮腺管开口于平对下颌第2磨牙牙冠的颊黏膜上E、下颌下腺导管开口于舌下阜正确答案:ACE44.The uterine tube can be divided into which of the following portions.A、uterine part (子宫部)B、isthmus of uterine tube (输卵管峡)C、pelvic part of uterine tubeD、ampulla of uterine tubeE、infundibulum of uterine tube正确答案:ABDE45.关于喉返神经的描述哪些是正确的A、右喉返神经绕右锁骨下动脉B、发出心支加入心丛C、一侧损伤仅有喉黏膜感觉障碍D、左喉返神经绕主动脉弓E、两侧损伤可引起呼吸困难正确答案:ABDE46.咽的交通和邻接正确的是A、鼻咽经咽鼓管通中耳鼓室B、鼻咽经鼻后孔通鼻腔C、口咽向前经咽峡通口腔D、喉咽经喉口通喉E、鼻咽上接颅底正确答案:ABCDE47.翼腭窝()A、是上颌骨体、蝶骨翼突和腭骨之间的窄隙B、向后通颅中窝和颅底外面C、向内通鼻腔、向下通口腔D、窝内有上颌神经及其分支E、窝内还有翼腭神经节正确答案:ABCDE48.下颌神经的损伤可引起A、舌前2/3黏膜的感觉丧失B、翼内,外肌瘫痪C、下颌牙龈的感觉丧失D、口轮匝肌瘫痪E、舌肌瘫痪正确答案:ABC49.股二头肌()A、可使膝关节内旋B、短头起自股骨粗线C、伸髋屈膝D、止于腓骨头E、位于大腿后面内侧正确答案:BCD50.About the phrenic nerve, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、It is an important branch of the cervical plexus.B、It only contains the motor fibers.C、It passes through the superior aperture of thorax into the thoracic cavity.D、Within the thoracic cavity, it descends in front of the root of the lung.E、It only innervates the diaphragm.正确答案:ACD51.桡骨()A、位于前臂的内侧部B、上端膨大称桡骨头C、桡骨头上面无关节面D、下端内面有尺切迹E、桡骨头周围有环状关节面正确答案:BDE52.动眼神经损伤后的临床表现是A、眼球向外斜视B、上睑下垂C、患侧眼间接对光反射消失D、患侧眼直接对光反射消失E、健侧眼的间接对光反射消失正确答案:ABCD53.About the stomach, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、It is the most distensible part of the alimentary canal.B、It is divided into four regions: cardiac part, body of stomach, pyloric antrum (幽门窦)and pyloric cC、It has two surfaces, two borders and two orifices.D、The right concave border is named the lesser curvature of stomach (胃小弯).E、The orifice by which the stomach communicates with the duodenum is called the cardiac orifice.正确答案:ACD54.Which of the following organs compose the female internal genital organs?A、vaginaB、vaginal vestibule (阴道前庭)C、ovaryD、uterusE、uterine tube正确答案:ACDE55.属腹膜外位器官的是()A、膀胱B、胃C、输尿管D、降结肠E、胰正确答案:CE56.冠状窦的主要属支有()A、心中静脉B、心小静脉C、心大静脉D、心最小静脉E、心前静脉正确答案:ABC57.The cerebral arterial circle is formed by which of following arteries.A、anterior communicating artery (前交通动脉) and posterior communicating arteriesB、original portions of the anterior cerebral arteries (大脑前动脉)C、terminal prtions of the internal carotid arteriesD、original portions of the middle cerebral arteriesE、original portions of the posterior cerebral arteries正确答案:ABCE58.协助桡腕关节内收的是()A、桡侧腕屈肌B、桡侧腕伸肌C、拇收肌D、尺侧腕屈肌E、尺侧腕伸肌正确答案:DE59.Which of the following nerves are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?A、mandibular nerveB、maxillary nerveC、recurrent laryngeal nerveD、chorda tympaniE、ophthalmic nerve正确答案:ABE60.胆囊()A、功能为贮存和浓缩胆汁B、胆囊动脉发自肝固有动脉右支C、胆囊三角是手术中寻找胆囊动脉的标志D、胆囊底体表投影在右锁骨中线与第5肋交点附近E、位于肝下面的胆囊窝正确答案:ABCE61.有关膀胱的描述正确的是()A、膀胱三角处的黏膜始终平滑,无皱襞B、输尿管间襞是寻找输尿管口的标志C、男性膀胱下方与盆膈相接D、膀胱上动脉是髂内动脉的直接分支E、支配膀胱的副交感纤维来源于盆内脏神经正确答案:ABE62.下颌关节()A、由下颌头与下颌窝构成B、关节囊前份较薄弱C、属于联合关节D、有关节盘E、下颌骨可作上提、下降、前进、后退和侧方运动正确答案:BCDE63.The basal nuclei include which of the following structures.A、red nucleus (红核)B、claustrum (屏状核)C、lentiform nucleus (豆状核)D、caudate nucleus(尾状核)E、amygdaloid body(杏仁体)正确答案:BCDE64.对输卵管的描述,正确的是()A、女性结扎部位在输卵管子宫部B、输卵管漏斗末端开口于腹膜腔C、输卵管子宫口通子宫腔D、位于子宫阔韧带上缘内E、输卵管壶腹最长,占输卵管全长2/3正确答案:BCDE65.股神经支配的肌是A、缝匠肌B、腰方肌C、股薄肌D、耻骨肌E、股四头肌正确答案:ADE66.胸大肌()A、呈扇形B、可引体向上C、止于肩胛骨D、大部起自胸壁E、可提肋助吸气正确答案:ABDE67.含气骨有()A、额骨B、上颌骨C、椎骨D、筛骨E、骶骨正确答案:ABD68.对胸神经前支在胸腹部的节段性分布的描述,正确的是A、T10相当脐平面B、T6相当剑突平面C、T4相当胸骨角平面D、T2相当颈静脉切迹平面E、T8相当肋弓平面正确答案:ABE69.The parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve innervates which of the following muscles?A、ciliary muscle (睫状肌)B、lateral rectus muscleC、inferior obliquusD、sphincter pupillae(瞳孔括约肌)E、superior obliquus正确答案:AD70.有关手肌的描述正确的是()A、外侧群肌中位于浅层外侧的是拇短展肌B、蚓状肌和骨间肌均可屈掌指关节、伸指间关节C、外侧群肌由正中神经支配D、第1、2蚓状肌由正中神经支配E、内侧群肌由尺神经支配正确答案:ABDE71.Which of the following nerves innervate the tongue?A、glossopharyngeal nerveB、hypoglossal nerveC、facial nerveD、trigeminal nerveE、olfactory nerve正确答案:ABCD72.有关鼓室壁的描述,正确的是()A、后壁为乳突壁B、上壁为盖壁C、前壁为颈静脉壁D、内侧壁为迷路壁E、下壁为颈动脉壁正确答案:ABD73.Which of the following ganglia are parasympathetic ganglia?A、pterygopalatine ganglion (翼腭神经节)B、inferior mesenteric ganglionC、submandibular ganglion (下颌下神经节)D、otic ganglionE、celiac ganglion正确答案:ACD74.Which of the followings are the posterior group muscles ofthigh (大腿)?A、sartorius (缝匠肌)B、semitendinosusC、biceps femorisD、quadriceps femorisE、semimembranosus正确答案:BCE75.有关手肌的描述正确的是()A、外侧群肌中位于浅层内侧的是拇短屈肌B、蚓状肌和骨间肌均可屈掌指关节和指间关节C、拇收肌由正中神经支配D、第1、2蚓状肌由正中神经支配E、内侧群肌由尺神经支配正确答案:ACDE76.桡神经的正确描述是A、分浅,深两支B、手部无肌支C、不支配上肢屈肌D、臂和前臂背侧肌都由它支配E、在肱二头肌和肱肌间穿出正确答案:ABD77.对肾位置的描述,正确的是()A、属腹膜外位器官B、脊柱的两侧,腹膜后间隙C、第12肋横过右肾后面的中部D、左肾上端平第12胸椎体上缘E、肾门约在第1腰椎体平面正确答案:ABE78.通过梨状肌下孔的结构有()A、坐骨神经B、阴部神经C、臀下动脉D、臀上神经E、阴部内动、静脉正确答案:ABCE79.前庭大腺()A、位于前庭球后端的深面B、位于尿道口的两侧C、是女性的内分泌腺D、导管开口于阴道前庭E、因炎症而形成的囊肿可引起排尿困难正确答案:AD80.女性尿道()A、较男性尿道短、宽且直B、开口于阴道前庭C、兼具排尿和排卵功能D、前壁与阴道后壁相邻E、尿道旁腺感染形成的囊肿可引起尿路阻塞正确答案:ABE81.协助桡腕关节外展的是()A、桡侧腕屈肌B、拇长展肌C、拇短展肌D、拇对掌肌E、肱桡肌正确答案:ABC82.沿腹腔干及其分支排列的淋巴结有()A、胰淋巴结B、幽门上、下淋巴结C、胃网膜左、右淋巴结D、腹腔淋巴结E、胃左、右淋巴结正确答案:ABCDE83.属于眼球内肌的是()A、上斜肌B、瞳孔括约肌C、瞳孔开大肌D、睫状肌E、上睑提肌正确答案:BCD84.桡神经的正确描述是A、与肱深动脉伴行B、臂丛外侧束的分支C、深支穿旋后肌D、支配臂和前臂的所有伸肌E、在肱骨中份损伤可出现"垂腕"正确答案:ACDE85.正中神经皮支分布于A、大鱼际B、桡侧2个半指掌侧C、桡侧3个半指掌侧D、前臂正中E、掌心正确答案:ACE86.有关调节瞳孔变化的神经节A、耳神经节B、睫状神经节C、三叉神经节D、颈交感神经节E、翼腭神经节正确答案:BD87.三叉神经分布于A、睫状体B、舌前2/3的味蕾C、结膜D、牙和牙龈E、角膜正确答案:CDE88.膝关节()A、人体最复杂的关节B、有翼状襞突入关节腔C、由股骨下端与胫、腓骨上端构成D、半屈膝关节时,可作少许旋内和旋外运动E、前交叉韧带位于关节囊的前方正确答案:ABD89.Which of the following nuclei are located in the medulla oblongata?A、inferior olivary nucleus (下橄榄核)B、spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerveC、gracile nucleusD、hypoglossal nucleusE、cuneate nucleus正确答案:ABCDE90.肘关节()A、关节囊后壁最薄弱B、有桡骨环状韧带C、不包括桡尺近侧关节D、主要作屈、伸运动E、由肱骨下端及尺、桡骨上端组成正确答案:ABDE91.注入右心房的血管包括()A、心前静脉B、上腔静脉C、下腔静脉D、冠状窦E、肺静脉正确答案:ABCD92.参与了椎弓连结的结构是A、棘上韧带B、黄韧带C、后纵韧带D、前纵韧带E、关节突关节正确答案:ABE93.脑干内与脑神经有关的核团有()A、薄束核、楔束核B、孤束核C、疑核D、黑质E、下泌涎核正确答案:BCE94.胸锁关节()A、是多轴关节B、有关节盘C、关节窝是胸骨的锁切迹D、是上肢与躯干间的唯一关节E、关节头是锁骨的胸骨端正确答案:ABDE95.About the spinal cord, which of the following descriptions are correct?A、It occupies the whole vertebral canal.B、It presents the thoracic enlargement and lumbar enlargement.C、It has 30 segments: 7 cervical segments, 12 thoracic segments, 5 lumbar segments, 5 sacral segments,D、It is continuous with the brain stem.E、It terminates as conus medullaris (脊髓圆锥).正确答案:DE96.Which of the following arteries arise directly from the axillary artery?A、posterior humeral circumflex artery (旋肱后动脉)B、circumflex scapular artery (旋肩胛动脉)C、lateral thoracic artery (胸外侧动脉)D、subscapular artery (肩胛下动脉)E、deep brachial artery (肱深动脉)正确答案:ACD97.子宫颈()A、未产妇子宫口为圆形B、是子宫下部的狭窄部C、内腔为梭形D、可分阴道上部和阴道下部E、是肿瘤好发的部位正确答案:ABCE98.属于下腔静脉属支的是()A、左肾上腺静脉B、右睾丸静脉C、肾静脉D、肝静脉E、肝门静脉正确答案:BCD99.脊神经后支一般含有A、副交感神经节前纤维B、交感神经节前纤维C、躯体感觉纤维D、躯体运动纤维E、交感神经节后纤维正确答案:CDE100.Which of the following tracts pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule?A、central thalamic radiations (丘脑中央辐射)B、optic radiation (视辐射)C、corticonuclear tract,D、corticospinal tractE、acoustic radiation (听辐射)正确答案:ABDE。
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10.腰椎的解剖
11.尿生殖膈
12.腹后壁隐窝
13.左右冠脉分支
14.腹腔干
15.大隐静脉
16.胃左右淋巴
17.眼的屈光装置
18.鼓室壁
19.迷走神经颈部分支
20.血脑屏障
二、问答题(6*10分=60分)
1.详细叙述骨的发生和发育。
2.详细叙述胸腰筋膜的定义、各层位置和愈合或附着部位及形成的结构、临床意义。
3.详细叙述椎骨间的连接,包椎体的连接和椎弓间的连接。
4.详细叙述胸锁关节的解剖结构。
5.详细叙述腰丛的组成、分支和支配范围。
6.详细叙述右心房的解剖结构。
南开大学
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科学解剖(骨外)
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、多项选择题(20*2分=40分)
1.骨的分类
2.骨内膜
3.肱骨上的结构包括
4.足骨的描述
5.颅中窝
6.胸髓
5-8对应的脊椎节段
7.桡尺近侧关节
8.骨盆的弓形力线