机械专业英语试题及答案

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机械工程专业英语课程
考试方式（□闭卷□开卷）课程性质（□必修□限选□任选）
一、选择题分，115小题，每小题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共分）总计15
planar undergoes the system linkage move in parallel planes 1. If all points in a
.
motion and the linkage may be described as a
D. slide B. planar linkage C. joints A. planar motion sometimes are Though 2. frame material and design should handle damping, built into frame sections to handle specific problems.
D. screw
C. dampers A .beams B. holes
The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft ______ determined by critical speed, 3. gear, or bearing requirements.
D. is usually C. was B. must A. often
more generate solutions as we to _____ to better and better 4. We will have information.
D. try ways B. iterating C. iterate A. repeat many times
determine to then examined configuration is _______ specified and 5. If a product whether the performance requirements are met.
D. have been
C. temporary B. tentatively A. finally
Manufacturing can be defined as the _____ of raw materials into useful products 6. through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.
D. transforming
C. process B. processing A. transformation
7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _____ because of its flexibility.
B. most popular A. used most commonly
D. most powerful
C. the most commonly used
force _____ frequency of the vibrate result, the system will at the 8. As a regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.
D. act
C. out B. excitation A. action
the between the relationship components are assembled together, Before 9. two dimensions of the mating surfaces_______.
should printed clearly
B. A. must be giving out
C. must be specified
D. should be clearly noted
10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their ______ surfaces.
D. outside
A. enveloping
B. mating
C. outer
11. The word______ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called ______.
A. recrystallization…. corrosion
B. recrystallization…degradation
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D. corrosion…degradation C. degradation…corrosion
12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.
B. are made up of
A. are made from
D. was consist of
C. was produced by
13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation
speeds.
at
D. hollow C. critical B .overload A . low
.
14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a
D. patent
C. mold B. model A. pattern
is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.
15. The term
D. rotary pair C. surface pair B. low pair A. high pair
15分）二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计
The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and
transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16)
to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are
among the “associated parts”considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve
the shaft to the source of power or load.
to (17)
A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary and
a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an serve to (18)
(20) depending on automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary
the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.
of shafts can be subjected to various combinations axial, bending, and(21) that It is
apparent
loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power is
reversed a completely together a mean torsional stress) with a (22) to constant torque (producing
bending load (producing an alternating bending stress).
requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within In addition to satisfying (23)
cause (25) deflection acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts can hamper gear performance and
bearings(either noise. The associated angular deflection can no-self- aligning be very destructive to
mechanism. gear driven cam the can affect accuracy of a or or plain rolling). (26) deflection
corresponding lower the (27) or the Furthermore, the greater flexibility -either lateral torsional-the
speed.
100 试卷总分分钟120 考试时间考生注意：分页5 共1 第页精品文档．
精品文档Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but more
often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contact
with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in
variety of
ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into
which the key fits are called keyways.
班级
attached C) connected B) D) concrete 16、A) cement connect D) C) serve 17、A) endure B) transmit
support B) meet C) satisfy 18、A) D) strong 学号idler C) terminal 19、A) aims B) D) tomb
装whether C) D) for
20、A) due to B) weather torsional C) inertia 21、A) elasticity B) D) acceleration
subjected B)…connect C) and 、A) D) From
22姓名strength C) clearly understand 23、A) deeply B) D) long time lateral D) C) round 24、A) identify B) cross objectionable C) attractable B) D) terrible 25、A) lucrative
Torsional D) Movement C) 26、A) Moment B)Torment
critical C) first B) D) important 27、A) high
integral C) D) simplification 、A) work B) idealization 28 mounted onto B) refers C) referring to 29、A) D) indicates
axially D) 30、A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal 订三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）
Text 1
Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water
as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials which
enable astronauts to safely reenter the earth's atmosphere.
线The vast majority of complex problems in today's high technology society depend for solution
not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact
of our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.
Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that
distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Board
for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and
derives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design
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read as follows.
Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making
process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources
optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering
design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of
open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement
and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering
design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic
factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.
31、what's the main meaning of message (1)?
A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer's main work
C) mechanical engineer's has good idea D) electrical engineer' main duty
32、In the author's opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many factors, from the
message who should NOT join into the design team _______.
A) environmentalists,
B) sociologists
C) engineers
D) Government officials
33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.
A) a set of accredits standard
B) a kind of design method
C) a department of US government which responsible for engineering design
D) A set of law
34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following is
NOT included in the curriculum ______.
A) creativity
B) new material
C) ethics
D) economic factors
35、The title of the message is ______.
A) the roles of engineers in manufacturing
B) the importance of mechanical design
C) engineering design
D) The process of machine design
TEXT 2
Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product
based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on
more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.
Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely
describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify
standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the
product without error.
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精品文档Generally, a complete set of Working drawings for an assembly includes:
(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.
(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.
(3) A bill of materials (BOM). (4) A title block.
A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part's shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured
based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc. In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.
For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail
drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.
Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used,
they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.
36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrong?
订A) standard parts needn't drawn as details
B) for simple parts, sometimes needn't to draw the detail working drawing
C) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheets
D) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail
37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes: ?
A) BOM B) title block
C) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.
38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true ?
A) should not has different scales
B) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer
models.
线C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part
D) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards
39. From the message we can infer ANSI is ?
A) a set of law B) a set of notification
C) an Organization D) IEEE government
40. The topic of the message is ?
A) How to design working drawings.
B) working drawing's character and the key influence of how to draw a working drawing
C) In the design process, what should be considered?
What is working drawing D)
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TEXT 3
One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects' mechanical
parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on
the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time,
defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time.
Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is
charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep
stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This
obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest
forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are
proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very
basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of
any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.
Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it
processes. The system's DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to
uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.
A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which
is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation
about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In
a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about
one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the
plane
41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..
A) accelerations B) force
C) positions, D) velocities
42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____
A) the service life of a machine B) the materials choose
C) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles
43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.
A) It should has one DOF
B) It should Has two DOF
C) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equal
D) It should has any DOF as want
44、which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.
A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axis
B) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotation
and translation
C) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components along
three axes
D) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion
45、The best title for this passage would be _______.
A) kinematics B) dynamics
C) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics
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四、英译汉（共20分）
1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）
A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of ）1（a real machine member.
Foundations should ensure the machine's stiffness; shock absorption and isolation ）（2are secondary considerations.
cyclical or spring a mechanical component such as a is subjected to repetitive Thus, (3)if large after a strength, of applications stress levels much lower than the ultimate it will fracture number of repetitions of this stress.
Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each 4）（other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.
A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with ）（5torque being transmitted through a key.
分）、将下段英语翻译成汉语（102As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we 订
have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease
to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional the answer to been that designers—is, it hs designed so as perceived requirements”as by the
major engineering, the world In it “exactly question, what function should perform?”the of function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.
五、英译汉（共20分）
1、将下列分）25小题，每小题句子译成英语（共
一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、）（1 线花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。

（2）运动学仅研究机构的运动，而不考虑作用在机构上的力。

（3）工程上的许多问题在其本质上是非线性的，也就是说恢复力并不与位移成正比，而且阻尼力也不与速度的一次方成正比。

（4）在物体上所画的一条基准线，只会改变他的位置，而不会改变他的角度方向。

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（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正
措施。

2. 将下段汉语翻译成英语（10分）
密度：材料的密度是指单位体积材料的质量。

另外一个术语是比重，其表示某种材料的密度与水的密度的比值，因此，比重没有单位。

对于如飞机和航天结构、汽车车体和部件，以及其他一些产品，当能量消耗和动力限制是主要考虑的因素时，减轻重量尤其重要。

在设计先进的设备与机器和设计诸如汽车等消费品的过程中，采用新的替代材料来减轻重量和降低成本是一个应该着重考虑的问题
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专业英语参考答案及评分标准（重修）
一、选择题: （本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）
1-5：BCDCB 6-10：ACBCA 11-15 DACAB
二、完形填空：（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）
16-20：BDABC 21-25 ：BABDB 26-30：CBCAD
三、阅读理解：（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）
31-35：ADABC 36-40 ：BC ACD 41-45：BDCA C
四、翻译（满分40分）
1、英译汉，(共5小题，每小题2分)
A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of ）（1a real machine member.
一个绝对刚性或者不可伸长的构件只能作为真实机器零件在教科书中的模型而存在。

Foundations should ensure the machine's stiffness; shock absorption and isolation ）2（are secondary considerations.
基础应该保证机器的刚度，减震和隔离是次要的考虑事项。

(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.
因此，像弹簧这样的机械零件，在比其极限强度低很多的重复应力或周期性应力下，经过很多次的重复作用之后也会发生断裂.
（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace
each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any
fitting operations.
互换性意味着在相同的零件之间必须能够进行互换。

无论是在装配时还是在其后的维修时，这些零件都可以互相取代而不需任何修配工作。

A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with ）（5torque being transmitted through a key.
一个齿轮可以用轴肩和挡圈进行轴向固定，并通过键来传递。

2、英译汉，10分
As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know
from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or
are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements”as perceived by the designers—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question, “exactly what function should it perform?”In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.
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当我们环顾四周，我们可以看到一个充满“物体”的世界，机器、设备、工具等一切由我们设计、建造和使用的物体；有木头、金属、水泥和塑料制成的物体。

从我们的经验我们知道一些物体会比其他一些物体更好，如使用寿命更长，成本更低，更轻便或者更容易使用。

然而，在理想的情况下，每一件产品都是设计人员根据其对某些“功能要求”的理解而设计出来的，也就是说，在设计过程中，应该回答这样的问题，即“它应该具有那种确切的功能？”
在工程界中，最经常的功能是支撑一些由于重量、惯性力及压力等引起的载荷。

3、汉译英(共5小题，每小题2分)
一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、）（1花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。

One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually attached to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices.
（2）运动学仅研究机构的运动，而不考虑作用在机构上的力。

Kinematics is the study of motion in mechanisms without reference to the forces that act on the mechanism.
（3）工程上的许多问题在其本质上是非线性的，也就是说恢复力并不与位移成正比，而且阻尼力也不与速度的一次方成正比。

Many vibration problems in engineering are nonlinear in nature, i.e. the restoring forces are not proportional to the displacements and the damping forces are not proportional to the first power of
the velocity.
（4）A reference line drawn on the body changes its linear position but does not change its angular orientation.
在物体上所画的一条基准线，只会改变他的位置，而不会改变他的角度方向。

（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。

When a device fails (unexpectedly) it is often necessary to carry out a study to pinpoint the cause
of failure and to identify potential corrective measures
4、汉译英，10分
密度：材料的密度是指单位体积材料的质量。

另外一个术语是比重，其表示某种材料的密度与水的密度的比值，因此，比重没有单位。

对于如飞机和航天结构、汽车车体和部件，以及其他一些产品，当能量消耗和动力限制是主要考虑的因素时，减轻重量尤其重要。

在设计先进的设备与机器和设计诸如汽车等消费品的过程中，采用新的替代材料来减轻重量和降低成本是一个应该着重考虑的问题
Density: the density of a material is its mass per unit volume. Another term id specific gravity,
which express a material's density in relation to that of water, and thus, it has no units.Weight
saving is important particularly for aircraft and aerospace structures, for automotive bodies and components, and for other products where energy consumption and power limitations are major concerns. Substitution of materials for the sake of weight saving and economy is a major factor in
the design both of advanced equipment and machinery and of consumer products, such as automobiles.
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