(优选)机械专业英语课件.
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degraded in particular environments.
虽然这些法则是显见的、不容置疑的，我们还要详细 描述这些法则，特别是材料应用法则。所有材料确实 是不牢固的。即使像白金（platinum）这样的材料在 特殊环境中也会性能减弱。
Under stress(应力， strain 应变), all materials respond to that stress.
as stabl源自文库 as its weakest or most unstable component.
墨菲法则：如果任何材料有可能出问题，它 （系统）终将出问题。
材料应用法则：（1）任何材料都是不牢固的； （2）材料系统的强度和牢固程度仅仅像它最 薄弱的、最不牢固的部分。
爱德华·墨菲
Paragraph 2:
计算机辅助设计现在已用于设计过程，各种设计和设 计思想能被检验和仿真。
Paragraph 4:
Even in the early design cycle, it is useful to have some concept of available materials.
设计过程通常从解决方案的详细描述开始。有时我们 把设计过程说成是设计循环，但它或许是一个设计循 环外加依赖于设计而进行实际生产的设计实施过程。
The design cycle can involve the original thoughts, sketches, and knowledge that in the specification stage produce engineering drawings.
设计循环涉及最初的构想、草图、在详细描述阶段绘 制工作图的知识。
Computer-aided design (CAD, CAM计算机辅 助制造) is now employed to implement a cycle in which various designs or design ideas may be tested or simulated.
（优选）机械专业英语课 件.
1
Lesson 7 Engineering Design and safety factors 工程设计和安全系数
重点词汇：
allude saftey factor yield strength/ultimate tensile strength requisite/requirement/require evaluation/evaluate crystal bizarre
Paragraph 1
Any consideration of engineering materials and engineering design of systems utilizing materials must initially deal with(涉及到) Murphy’s Law for Materials systems and the laws of materials applications:
Although they are both obvious and incontrovertible(无可争辫的), we might elaborate upon these laws, especially the laws of materials applications.
All materials are indeed unstable. Even such materials as platinum can be
We sometimes allude to a design cycle, but the process may contain a design cycle plus design implementation, which involves actual production based upon the design.
Creep(蠕变) is an example. Given enough time, failure(失效) can be calculated
to occur in all materials under creep stress.
在压力作用下，所有材料都会有变化。蠕变(creep) 是一个例子。在蠕变压力作用下，若有足够的时间， 所有材料一定会产生屈服。
Creep deformation 蠕变变形
Creep fracture 蠕变断裂
Stress and environment can act in concert to cause failure, for example, stress corrosion cracking.
Creep-temperature effects and stresstemperature effects can contribute to the degradation of properties and components and system failure.
压力和环境共同（in concert）作用会造成屈服，例 如，应力腐蚀裂纹。蠕变温度影响和应力—温度影响 都会导致性能降低、零件和系统失败。
The design process
Paragraph 3:
The design process usually begins with a specification of a solution.
工程材料和应用材料的系统工程设计最初都会涉及 材料的墨菲法则和材料应用法则。
Murphy’s Law: If any material can fail, it will. Laws of materials applications (1) All materials are unstable. (2) The materials system is only as strong or
虽然这些法则是显见的、不容置疑的，我们还要详细 描述这些法则，特别是材料应用法则。所有材料确实 是不牢固的。即使像白金（platinum）这样的材料在 特殊环境中也会性能减弱。
Under stress(应力， strain 应变), all materials respond to that stress.
as stabl源自文库 as its weakest or most unstable component.
墨菲法则：如果任何材料有可能出问题，它 （系统）终将出问题。
材料应用法则：（1）任何材料都是不牢固的； （2）材料系统的强度和牢固程度仅仅像它最 薄弱的、最不牢固的部分。
爱德华·墨菲
Paragraph 2:
计算机辅助设计现在已用于设计过程，各种设计和设 计思想能被检验和仿真。
Paragraph 4:
Even in the early design cycle, it is useful to have some concept of available materials.
设计过程通常从解决方案的详细描述开始。有时我们 把设计过程说成是设计循环，但它或许是一个设计循 环外加依赖于设计而进行实际生产的设计实施过程。
The design cycle can involve the original thoughts, sketches, and knowledge that in the specification stage produce engineering drawings.
设计循环涉及最初的构想、草图、在详细描述阶段绘 制工作图的知识。
Computer-aided design (CAD, CAM计算机辅 助制造) is now employed to implement a cycle in which various designs or design ideas may be tested or simulated.
（优选）机械专业英语课 件.
1
Lesson 7 Engineering Design and safety factors 工程设计和安全系数
重点词汇：
allude saftey factor yield strength/ultimate tensile strength requisite/requirement/require evaluation/evaluate crystal bizarre
Paragraph 1
Any consideration of engineering materials and engineering design of systems utilizing materials must initially deal with(涉及到) Murphy’s Law for Materials systems and the laws of materials applications:
Although they are both obvious and incontrovertible(无可争辫的), we might elaborate upon these laws, especially the laws of materials applications.
All materials are indeed unstable. Even such materials as platinum can be
We sometimes allude to a design cycle, but the process may contain a design cycle plus design implementation, which involves actual production based upon the design.
Creep(蠕变) is an example. Given enough time, failure(失效) can be calculated
to occur in all materials under creep stress.
在压力作用下，所有材料都会有变化。蠕变(creep) 是一个例子。在蠕变压力作用下，若有足够的时间， 所有材料一定会产生屈服。
Creep deformation 蠕变变形
Creep fracture 蠕变断裂
Stress and environment can act in concert to cause failure, for example, stress corrosion cracking.
Creep-temperature effects and stresstemperature effects can contribute to the degradation of properties and components and system failure.
压力和环境共同（in concert）作用会造成屈服，例 如，应力腐蚀裂纹。蠕变温度影响和应力—温度影响 都会导致性能降低、零件和系统失败。
The design process
Paragraph 3:
The design process usually begins with a specification of a solution.
工程材料和应用材料的系统工程设计最初都会涉及 材料的墨菲法则和材料应用法则。
Murphy’s Law: If any material can fail, it will. Laws of materials applications (1) All materials are unstable. (2) The materials system is only as strong or