宾语从句 (2)

宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。We like English.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。

宾语从句：在主句中担当宾语的从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类：动宾从句，介宾从句，形宾从句。

1.宾语从句的连接词

▲从属连词

连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether.

that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。

He told that he would go to the college the next year

I don’t know if/whether there will be a bus any more.

▲连接代词

连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.

连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.

Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

I don’t know whom you should depend on.

The book will show you what the best CEOs know..

Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?

▲连接副词

连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

2.动词的宾语从句

▲大多数动词都可以带宾语从句

We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.

He told us that they would help us though the whole work.

▲部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?

▲动词短语也可以带宾语从句

make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.

▲可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together..

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.

②有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.

I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.

I take it that you will agree with us.

When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.

③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.

3.介词的宾语从句

▲用wh-类的介词宾语从句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

The new book is about how Shen zhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

▲用that, if引导的介词宾语从句,有时候except, but, besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.

4.形容词的宾语从句

用来引导宾从的形容词:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.

I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.

5.if,wheter在宾语从句中的区别

①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out 等之后,介词后一般不用if

②少数动词,如:leave, put, discuss ,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.

③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.

④在不定式前只能用whether. I can’t decide whether to stay.

⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.

6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that

当that作learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时；当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略；当宾语从句中的主语是this, that或this, that 做主语的定语时；当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.

7.宾语从句的否定转移

主句是谓语动词是think, believe, Imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义

疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?