【英语翻译】被动语态的翻译方法

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speeding truck.
• 那个老人让一辆超速的卡车撞倒了。 • Those books have been affected with
damp.
• 那些书受潮了。
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在现代汉语中有些主动表达句式同 样具有被动意义
• 问题应及时加以解决。
• Problems should be resolved in good time
• 已经注意到采取防腐新措施。
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一、译成中文的主动句
• (1)保留原文主语 • 翻译某些被动句时,如无需指出动作的发出者,
动词的动作不带有受动色彩,通常可以按照原文 语序顺译,原文的主语仍旧充当译文的主语。
• 例:visitors are requested not to touch the
exhibition.
• My daughter was given a present by
Mr. Green.
• 我女儿的一份礼物是格林先生给的。 • I was told the story by my mother
when I was young.
• 这个故事是小时候妈妈讲给我的。
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(4)把施动者译成主语
• We are kept strong and well by fresh air. • 清新的空气使我们身体健康。 • Those towering peaks are only to be
英文原句中没有提到施动者时,有时可将被动句译成无主 句。
• The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an
end to.
• 必须立即中止这种讨厌的噪声。
• Very often, introductions are made using both
first and last name.
found in the sun.
• 氦元素最初是在太阳里发现的。 • The credit system in America was
first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
• 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实
施的。
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• But the march could not be
fever.
• 12、It is rumoured that she is going to
divorce her second husband.
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Keys:
• 1、你知道这个男孩子为什么挨了骂吗? • 2、我早知道这孩子在幼儿园会得到很好的照顾 • 3、英国、美国和其他的一些国家讲英语。 • 4、这本书里提到了好几种学习方法。 • 5、如果原子失去了一个或更多的电子,我们就
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• 介绍的时候往往是连名带姓。
• The use of the satellite makes it possible to
observe the universe much better.
• 利用卫星,能够更好地观察宇宙。
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(6)译成带表语的主动句
• The element of helium was first
some other countries.
• 4、Several study techniques are mentioned in
this book.
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
• 5、If one or more electrons are removed, the
atom is said to be positively charged.
of them have been settled satisfactorily.
• 学生们问了好多问题。大部分问题已经
被圆满解决了。
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很多时候译成主动句式更好
• 例如: • Attention has been paid to
the new measures to prevent corrosion.
• 6、A force is needed to stop a moving body.
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• 7、Brief reference should be made here to
the law of universal gravitation.
• 8、Care is to be taken to do away with the
very important for Chinese students.
•人们认为英语对中国学生来
说是很重要的。
•I am afraid I shall be
laughed at.

我怕大家笑话我。 a
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(3)把原文句中的一部分转译成主 语
• 英语中一些被动句译成中文时,需要将句子中某
个适当的成分转译成主语。既要做到不违背英文 原文,又符合中文规范。表示方位的地点状语转 译成主语的情况较多
bad habit.
• 9、When the anthem had been played, the
group callisthenics began.
• 10、Metals may be cast into various shapes. • 11、It may be asked why plants can run a
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• 晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓,他说:“有水有鱼的地
方大都是由好环境的,好环境便会给人好心情。 我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适、给你准备好 饿鱼的垂钓园,而是那极其有吸引力的大自然 野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情 的运动,有益于身心健康。乔羽说:“钓鱼可 分三个阶段:第一阶段是吃鱼;第二阶段是吃 鱼和情趣兼而有之;第三阶段主要是钓趣,面 对一池碧水,将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边,使自 己的身心得到充分休息。
• 观众请勿触摸展品。 • Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid. • 水能从液体变成固体。
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(2)将原文主语译成宾语。如果原 文中没有施动者,必要时,可在译 文中添加不确定的主语。如:“大 家”、“人们”、“有人”等。
• If you are asked personal questions, you
• 这事必须马上办。
• This must be done immediately.
• 这个提案不错,但还可以进一步改进。
• This proposal is better, but can still be
improved.
• 一点水声也没听见。
• Not a sound of water was heard.
• It has been calculated that 据计算
• It was estimated that
据估计
• It must be stressed that 必须强调
• It will be seen from this that 应当指出
• It can be clearly seen that
scaled by the most daring.
• 只有最勇敢的人才能攀登那些高耸的山峰。 • The magnificent hotel had been
completely destroyed by the big fire.
• 大火把这座富丽堂皇的宾馆完全烧毁了。
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(5)译成无主句

• 例:The compass was invented in China four
thousand years ago.
• 中国在四千年前发明了指南针。 • The answer are provided in the next chapter. • 下一章提供答案。
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有时原句中的宾语也可转译成主语
need not answer them.
• 如果有人问你的私事,你可以不必回答。 • Salt is known to have a very strong
corroding effect on metals.
• 大家知道,盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。
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•English is considered
• 以it做形式主语,被动语态的动词做谓
语,再接that引导的主语从句的结构 是英语中常见的一种句型。在译成中 文时,常要变成主动句。有时不加主 语,有时则要加一些泛指的不确定的 主语,如“大家”、“人们”、“有 人”等。
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• 不加主语:
• It is said that
据说
• It is supposed that 据推测
stopped with bullets now.
• 但这时候游行已经不是枪弹所能阻
止得了的。
• The first explosive in the
world was made and used in China.
• 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和
使用的。
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以it做形式主语的被动语态巨型的习 惯译法。
people all over the world.
• 我们的外交政策受到a全世界人民的支持。 17
• The science fiction has been
translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.
• 那部科幻小说是由我得一个朋友译成中文的 • The old man was knocked down by a
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Exercises:
• 1、Do you know why the boy was scolded?
• 2、I know the child would be well looked after
in the kindergarten.
• 3、English is spoken in Britain, the U.S. and
• It is found out that 人们发现
• It is known that
众所周知
• It is noted that
人们注意到
• It is thought that
有人认为
• It is taken that
人们认为
• It is generally considered that 大家普遍认
说这个原子带正电荷。
• 6、要使运动着的物体停下来,就需要用力。
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• 7、这里应该简单地提一提万有引力规
律。
• 8、要注意改掉这个坏习惯。 • 9、国歌演奏完,团体操就开始了。 • 10、金属可以铸成各种形状。 • 11、有人或许会问,为什么植物也能
发烧
• 12、据说,她打算和第二个丈夫离婚。
可以清楚地看到
• It was so decided that 就此决定
• It has been proved that 业已证明
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可加主语
• It is admitted that 大家承认
• It is asserted that 有人主张
• It is believed that 有人认为
被动语态的翻译方法
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一般被动语态有四种情况:
• 第一,无从说出、无需提及主动者 • When will the new bridge be built? • 什么时候建新桥? • 第二,出于某种考虑,无意说出主动者 • Generally it is considered not polite to

• It is understood thata 人们明白
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二、译成中文的被动句
• 有些英语被动结构不宜转译成汉语主动句
式的,就可带着这些被动标记,译成被动 句式。
• 例如:
• He had been fired for refusing to
obey orders.
• 他因拒绝接受并令而被解雇了。 • He was set upon by two masked men. • 他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。 • Our foreign policy is supported by the
do so.
• 一般认为,这样做是不礼貌的。
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• 第三,强调动作的承受者 • The room was cleaned by a little girl. • 房间是一个小女孩打扫的。
• 第四,为了上下文的衔接和句子连贯 • Students asked a lot of questions. Most
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