科技英语翻译基本方法
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Since conduction is by both holes and electrons, the junction transistor is bipolar.
（四）对动词进行增补
We must make the phenomena clear.
A pulsed laser system has been tested on a satellite. Clearly， cool temperature slows down the action of bacteria.
科技英语翻译基本方法
Oct.11
一、照译
（一）词语的照译
armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 shed crocodile tears 流鳄鱼眼泪
Spring tides occur every two weeks, usually within a few days of the new and full moon.
三、为满足汉语语法修辞的要求而增补
（1）增补句子成分
This is what the experiment is intended to solve. In spite of the hardships， real efforts and progress are being made.
（2）增补概括词
(二)为明确原文语法概念而增补
（1）增补表示复数概念的词语 There are rows of machines or equipment in the workshop he has never seen before. The first electronic computers went into operation in 1946.
(二)句子的照译
就句子的层面而言，照译指的是基本按照英语原 文语序或原文主体结构的语序进行翻译的方法， 即采用顺译法。如：
Different forms of energy all can be used to do work.
Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT） have developed a silicon wafer implant that may be used for long term drug administration in the future.
Radar involves transmitting electromagnetic waves of very short wave length.
（2）删减冠词
The atom is the smallest particle of an element. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
（6）删减语义重复的词语
Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters；hence, they require no heating power or warmed up time.
Increased rate of reaction，in the presence of catalyzers， is called catalysis，or catalytic action.
二、删减
（一）词语的删减 1. 删减动词（包括非谓语动词） When the pressure gets low， the boiling point becomes low.
Chemical cleaning has the distinct advantage of being equally applicable to straight or bowed tubes.
三、增补
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge， and declared his own son guilty.
（一）
为补足原文词汇含义而增补
（1）对抽象名词进行增补 • degradation退化现象，降解作用 • distribution分布状况 • observation观察结果 • preparation准备工作/制备过程 • reduction还原反应/作用过程 • resonance共振现象
四、转换
一、词义的转换
The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor components.
There is no physical contact between tool and workpiece.
（3）增补连词
Ordinary glass must be first achromatized to become optical glass.
Confined in a rigid container， gas will expand at some high temperature.
（4）增补原文省略了的成分
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their own economic achievements.
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
This country is militarily politically and economically strong.
（3）重复增补
This magnetic field may be that of a bar magnet, a U-shaped magnet， or an electromagnet.
（4）修辞增补
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.
Thereby the higher latitudes are prevented from becoming increasingly colder and the low latitudes from becoming increasingly hotter.
The arrows in the leads identify the materials.
Light waves weaken as they spread out from a source.
（3）对形容词以及名词定语进行增补
This new type of TV set is really fine and inexpensive.
• In rapid oxidation a flame is produced.
• Our normalization is such that the curves in Fig.3 can be regarded as probability distributions.
（2）对普通名词进行增补
(二) 子句的删减
The university applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
译文A：那些有过工作经验的报考大学的人要比不曾 有过工作经验的报考大学的人优先录取。 译文B：报考大学的人，有工作经验的要比没有工作 经验的优先录取。 译文C：报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。
Bright colors characterize his paintings.
五、其他翻译技巧
（一）分译 所谓分译法，是指在翻译时将英语原句 中的某一词语分译成两个或更多的词语， 即“一词多译”。
Invented in 1946， the computer has now made surprising advances and exciting changes.
We find difficulty in solving this problem.
(9) 动词转换为名词
Most US spy satelites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
（3）删减代词
But it's the way I am， and try as I might， I haven't been able to change it.
One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.
In the Soviet Union there had been no radio, TV, or press mention of either Abel's arrest or conviction.
(二)拆译
所谓拆译法，是指将简单句拆开译 成并列句或复合句的方法，即把原句 中某一单词或短语扩展后译成一个分 句或从句；或者根据表达的需要将一 个句子（包括单句或复句）拆译成两 个句子。
(二)词性的转换
（一）名词转换为动词 Rocket has found application for the exploitation of universe.
The doctor's suggestion is that I should quit smoking at once.
（2）名词转换为形容词
（2）增补表示动词时态、语态、语气的词语
The electic motors convert electric energy into mechanical energy. The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird.
The first stage of a rocket is thrown away only minutes after the rocket takes off. Those semiconductor materials should have been kept in some dry place.
Reactions of the first kind are called exothermic reactions and those of the second kind endothermic reactions.
When moving over land， a typhoon is gradually decreased in severity.
(4) 删减介词
Smoking is prohibited in public places.
（5）删减连词（含各类关联词）
Weight is a down force， and therefore any object will move downward. The sun heats the earth， which makes it possible for plants to grow. They came to the school lab, where they made experiments for two hours.
• Cold fog dispersal has been an operational success in theU.S. since 1963.
• The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety.
（3）名词转换为副词
I have the honor tΒιβλιοθήκη Baidu inform you that your request is granted.
（四）对动词进行增补
We must make the phenomena clear.
A pulsed laser system has been tested on a satellite. Clearly， cool temperature slows down the action of bacteria.
科技英语翻译基本方法
Oct.11
一、照译
（一）词语的照译
armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 shed crocodile tears 流鳄鱼眼泪
Spring tides occur every two weeks, usually within a few days of the new and full moon.
三、为满足汉语语法修辞的要求而增补
（1）增补句子成分
This is what the experiment is intended to solve. In spite of the hardships， real efforts and progress are being made.
（2）增补概括词
(二)为明确原文语法概念而增补
（1）增补表示复数概念的词语 There are rows of machines or equipment in the workshop he has never seen before. The first electronic computers went into operation in 1946.
(二)句子的照译
就句子的层面而言，照译指的是基本按照英语原 文语序或原文主体结构的语序进行翻译的方法， 即采用顺译法。如：
Different forms of energy all can be used to do work.
Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT） have developed a silicon wafer implant that may be used for long term drug administration in the future.
Radar involves transmitting electromagnetic waves of very short wave length.
（2）删减冠词
The atom is the smallest particle of an element. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
（6）删减语义重复的词语
Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters；hence, they require no heating power or warmed up time.
Increased rate of reaction，in the presence of catalyzers， is called catalysis，or catalytic action.
二、删减
（一）词语的删减 1. 删减动词（包括非谓语动词） When the pressure gets low， the boiling point becomes low.
Chemical cleaning has the distinct advantage of being equally applicable to straight or bowed tubes.
三、增补
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge， and declared his own son guilty.
（一）
为补足原文词汇含义而增补
（1）对抽象名词进行增补 • degradation退化现象，降解作用 • distribution分布状况 • observation观察结果 • preparation准备工作/制备过程 • reduction还原反应/作用过程 • resonance共振现象
四、转换
一、词义的转换
The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor components.
There is no physical contact between tool and workpiece.
（3）增补连词
Ordinary glass must be first achromatized to become optical glass.
Confined in a rigid container， gas will expand at some high temperature.
（4）增补原文省略了的成分
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their own economic achievements.
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
This country is militarily politically and economically strong.
（3）重复增补
This magnetic field may be that of a bar magnet, a U-shaped magnet， or an electromagnet.
（4）修辞增补
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.
Thereby the higher latitudes are prevented from becoming increasingly colder and the low latitudes from becoming increasingly hotter.
The arrows in the leads identify the materials.
Light waves weaken as they spread out from a source.
（3）对形容词以及名词定语进行增补
This new type of TV set is really fine and inexpensive.
• In rapid oxidation a flame is produced.
• Our normalization is such that the curves in Fig.3 can be regarded as probability distributions.
（2）对普通名词进行增补
(二) 子句的删减
The university applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
译文A：那些有过工作经验的报考大学的人要比不曾 有过工作经验的报考大学的人优先录取。 译文B：报考大学的人，有工作经验的要比没有工作 经验的优先录取。 译文C：报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。
Bright colors characterize his paintings.
五、其他翻译技巧
（一）分译 所谓分译法，是指在翻译时将英语原句 中的某一词语分译成两个或更多的词语， 即“一词多译”。
Invented in 1946， the computer has now made surprising advances and exciting changes.
We find difficulty in solving this problem.
(9) 动词转换为名词
Most US spy satelites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
（3）删减代词
But it's the way I am， and try as I might， I haven't been able to change it.
One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.
In the Soviet Union there had been no radio, TV, or press mention of either Abel's arrest or conviction.
(二)拆译
所谓拆译法，是指将简单句拆开译 成并列句或复合句的方法，即把原句 中某一单词或短语扩展后译成一个分 句或从句；或者根据表达的需要将一 个句子（包括单句或复句）拆译成两 个句子。
(二)词性的转换
（一）名词转换为动词 Rocket has found application for the exploitation of universe.
The doctor's suggestion is that I should quit smoking at once.
（2）名词转换为形容词
（2）增补表示动词时态、语态、语气的词语
The electic motors convert electric energy into mechanical energy. The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird.
The first stage of a rocket is thrown away only minutes after the rocket takes off. Those semiconductor materials should have been kept in some dry place.
Reactions of the first kind are called exothermic reactions and those of the second kind endothermic reactions.
When moving over land， a typhoon is gradually decreased in severity.
(4) 删减介词
Smoking is prohibited in public places.
（5）删减连词（含各类关联词）
Weight is a down force， and therefore any object will move downward. The sun heats the earth， which makes it possible for plants to grow. They came to the school lab, where they made experiments for two hours.
• Cold fog dispersal has been an operational success in theU.S. since 1963.
• The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety.
（3）名词转换为副词
I have the honor tΒιβλιοθήκη Baidu inform you that your request is granted.