科技英语翻译基本方法
科技英语翻译基本方法和技巧
科技英语翻译基本方法和技巧1.词义的引申2.词类转换2.1转换成汉语动词2.2转换成汉语名词2.3转换成汉语形容词2.4转换成汉语副词3.增词3.1增加表示名词复数概念的词语3.2增加表示时态的词语3.3增加表示句子主语的词语3.4增加原文中省略的词语3.5增加具体化、明确化的词语3.6增加起语气连贯作用的词语1.词义的引申英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在词典中找不到适当的词义，如果生搬硬套词典中的释义，译文则不能确切地表达原文的意思，甚至造成误译。
这时就应结合上下文和逻辑关系，根据汉语的表达习惯，引申词义。
所谓词义引申，就是指对某些英语词汇的含义加以扩展和变通，使其更准确地表达原文词汇所表达的特定意思。
词义的引申主要包括三个方面的内容。
1.1专业化引申英语科技文章所使用的词汇有些借自日常生活用语，但在科技语境中已赋有了不同于日常语境的专业化语义。
因此，翻译时应基于其基本意义，根据所涉及专业引申出其专业化语义。
例如：(1)His mother died of difficult labor．他母亲死于难产。
(不译作“困难的劳动”)(2)The major problem in manufacturing is the control of contamination and foreign material．制造时的一个主要问题是控制污染和杂质。
(不译作“外界物质”)(3)The running of such automated establishments remains only a matter of reading various meters mounted on panels．管理这种自动化工厂只不过要求查看一下控制台上的各种仪表而已。
(不译作“阅读”)(4)More weight must be placed on the past history of patients．必须更加重视患者的病史。
科技英语翻译技巧
英语中有不少习语化的动词，如give a
picture of , make use of ,have a try, have a look, make mention of ,take care of等，它们 的中心词（head word）是名词。 如： （1） These data have been made use of in production. 生产中已利用了这些资料。
In the absence of friction, the vehicle could
not even be started. 没有摩擦，车辆根本就不可能开动。 As three years drew to a close, the Daqing Oil-field was built up. 三年结束时，大庆油田建成了。 An object. once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia. 物体一旦运动，就会因惯性继续运动。
I don't think I can teach you to operate the
electronic computer, he will be a good teacher for you. 我想，我不会教你操作这台计算机，而他定 能把你教会。 I suggested the supports should be located every five meters. He was my good supporters. 我建议，支架每五米设一个。他很支持我的 建 议。
英语中的名词转换 为汉语的形容词（总结）
(1) Robots are now in use in industrial plants throughout the world. They've been proved to be of great ability. 今天，机器人在世界各地的工厂里得以应用，并已 证明是十分能干的。 (2)He found some difficulties to design a chemical plant without an electronic computer. 他感到没有电子计算机，要设计一坐化工厂是困难 的。 (3) Their physical experiment was a success. 他们的物理实验是成功的。
科技英语翻译中的常用技巧
1、定语倒置
•
▫
i、后置定语译为前置定语
在英语中，有时会出现两个单个词同时修饰同一 名词的情况。这时一般是形容词或名词性修饰词 在被修饰词前，分词性修饰词在被修饰词之后。
例如：
The heat energy produced is equal to the electrical energy utilized. 所产生的热能与所使用的电能相等。
设计电机
同一的 惟一的
练习
(1) All the metals are good conductors because there is a great number of free electros in them. (2) The unit smaller than a meter is called a decimeter. (3) The Industrial Revolution started in England at the second half of the 18the century. (4) The theory is of great importance that the hotter a body is, the more energy it radiates. (5) The three gas laws are true of gases as well as of air.
2、状语倒置
• ii、状语语序的倒置 例如： I was working with my two assistants (方式) in our laboratory(地点) at that moment(时间). 我那时（时间）正在实验室（地点） 与两个助手 一道（方式）工作。
3、同位语语序的倒置
科技英语翻译 9a
• 原文中的主语在译文中作宾语译成，无主句
•
• • • • • • • • • •
The concrete is mixed on site and poured into wood or metal forms to make the wall and floors. 在现场将混凝土搅拌好，浇筑 于木制的或金属的模板上，制成墙和楼面。 Two different wavelengths of light are used as carriers. 采用两个不同的光波波长作为载波。 Water can be shown as containing impurities. 可以证明水含有杂质。 The temperature is lowered so that water may be turned into ice. 把温度降低，使水变成冰。 The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. 必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪声。 Solution to the problem was ultimately found. 终于找到了解决这一问题的办法。
1. 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 • • • • • • • • • • • • The architect’s plans must be approved by the local planners before work can start. 建筑师的设计方案必须经过当地规划部门的批准才能开始施工。 If the anti-seepage measure is not appropriate, the investment would be increased and the original structure of soil mass would be destroyed. 如果防渗漏措施不当，不但投资会增加，土体原有结构还会遭到破坏。 It is clear that a body can be charged under certain condition. 很显然，在一定条件下物体能够带电。 Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. 水可以分解成氢和氧。 Wounds can be cauterized by searing. 伤口可以烙烧消毒。 One element may be substituted for another in a compound. 在化合物里，一种元素可以取代另一种元素。
科技英语中一词多义及其翻译技巧
科技英语中一词多义及其翻译技巧在科技领域中，有许多词汇具有多义性。
以下是一些常见的一词多义词汇及其翻译技巧：1. Chip:-义1：芯片（指电子器件上的集成电路）-义2：碎片（形容薄片状或小块状的物体）翻译技巧：根据上下文确定词义，如果是指电子器件上的集成电路，可翻译为"芯片"；如果指碎片，则可使用"碎片"或者具体描述其形状的词汇。
2. Cloud:-义1：云（指云计算和云存储技术）-义2：云彩（指大气中形成的可见水汽）翻译技巧：根据上下文确定词义，如果是指云计算或云存储技术，可翻译为"云"；如果指云彩，则可使用"云彩"或其他与天气相关的词汇。
3. Firewall:-义1：防火墙（计算机系统中用于保护网络安全的硬件或软件）-义2：防火墙（建筑物中用于阻止火势蔓延的隔离墙）翻译技巧：根据上下文确定词义，如果是指计算机系统中的防火墙，可翻译为"防火墙"；如果指建筑物中的防火墙，则也可使用"防火墙"，但需要通过上下文解释使读者明确其意义。
4. Terminal:-义1：终端（计算机中用于输入和显示数据的设备）-义2：终点（指旅行或运输中的最后一站或目的地）翻译技巧：根据上下文确定词义，如果是指计算机设备中的终端，可翻译为"终端"；如果指旅行或运输中的终点，则可使用"终点"或其他类似的词汇。
5. Patch:-义1：补丁（指修复软件中的漏洞或错误的程序代码）-义2：补片（指用于修复或加固物体的一小块材料）翻译技巧：根据上下文确定词义，如果是指修复软件中的漏洞或错误的程序代码，可翻译为"补丁"；如果指修复或加固物体的补片，则可使用"补片"或者具体描述其材料或用途的词汇。
以上是一些常见的科技英语一词多义的例子及其翻译技巧。
科技英语(2)
第一章概论一、科技英语翻译的标准准确规范，通顺易懂, 简洁明晰。
准确规范Samples 1We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale.Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel.Three of Archimedes’s extant works are devoted to plane geometry.Translate by yourself 1:1．The power plant is the heart of a ship.发电设备是船只的核心。
2．The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一个50马力的发动机。
3．The largest and most expensive products can not, because of their size, be testable in the factory.这个大型又昂贵的产品由于它的型号问题不能在这间工厂里测试，通顺易懂Samples 2A more common way of joining these metal pieces together is to weld them.Molten salts range from ideally ionic fluids to molecular melts and liquid.These compressors have proved themselves useful in a variety of ways in installations where large volumes of air or other gases are compressed.Translate by yourself 2:1．Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.被称为晶体管的半导体装置正在许多应用中取代电子管。
科技英语翻译
12. However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared. Ａ: 然而，即便可以进行地震预测，居住在地震带 的人们的有效防震措施仍依赖于建筑物的抵抗地面 运动的结构和自我准备。 B: 然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频发区的人们 还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造能够抗震的房屋， 同时做好个人准备。
10 It took many weary centuries for man to adapt fire to his needs in different ways. A. 人类经过了许多令人厌倦的世纪才学会如 何用不同的方法使火适合自己的需要。 B. 人类经历了许多个世纪枯燥无味的摸索， 才慢慢掌握了各种不同的方法，使火为自己 服务。
(四)拘泥于句子的表层结构，而不注意深层结构。 9 Not only does the computer gather facts, (but) it also stores them as fast as they are gathered. A. 计算机不仅能汇集资料，而且会像高速汇集资料 那样储存资料。 B. 计算机不仅能高速汇集资料，而且能以同样的速 度将其存储。
2 It is highly important to prolong the life of machines by regular lubrication. A. 用经常润滑的方法来提高机器的寿命是十 分重要的。 B. 定期润滑机器，以延长其寿命，这一点十 分重要。
科技英语翻译的五种技巧
1 顺译法：(Synchronizing)有些英语长句所叙述的事物基本上是按照时间或逻辑的顺序安排的。
这与汉语表达的方法基本一致，因此翻译一般可以按照原文顺序译出。
例如：1(1) For these forms of pollution as for all the others, (2) the destructive chain of cause and effect goes back to a prime cause: (3) too many cars, too many factories, more and more trials left by supersonic jutes, inadequate methods for disinfecting sewers, too little water, too much carbon monoxide.这个句子是由一个主句、一个状语和一个同位语组成的。
主句是(2) 破坏的因果关系链可归根于一个主要原因，也是全句的中心内容。
主句前的（1）是方式状语，（3）是主句的同位语。
原文各句的逻辑关系、表达顺序与汉语完全一致，因此可以按照原文的顺序翻译。
译文：这些形式的污染象所有其他形式的污染一样，起破坏性的因果关系链可可归根于一个主要的原因：太多的汽车、工厂、洗涤剂、杀虫剂，越来越多的喷气式飞机留下的尾气，不足的污水消毒处理方法，太少的水源，太多的一氧化碳。
2 （1）Fossil fuel emit another 5.2 billion metric tons of CO2 into the air each year, (2) while the burning of tropical forests emits roughly 1.8 billion metric tons of CO2-(3) both contributing to a build up of carbon dioxide (4) that will soon trigger the greenhouse effect. 在这个句子中，主句是（1），（2）是主句的并列句，（3）是同位语，（4）是定语从句。
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The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their own economic achievements.
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
(二)句子的照译
就句子的层面而言，照译指的是基本按照英语原 文语序或原文主体结构的语序进行翻译的方法， 即采用顺译法。如：
Different forms of energy all can be used to do work.
Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT） have developed a silicon wafer implant that may be used for long term drug administration in the future.
Reactions of the first kind are called exothermic reactions and those of the second kind endothermic reactions.
When moving over land， a typhoon is gradually decreased in severity.
(二)词性的转换
（一）名词转换为动词 Rocket has found application for the exploitation of universe.
The doctor's suggestion is that I should quit smoking at once.
（2）名词转换为形容词
（6）删减语义重复的词语
Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters；hence, they require no heating power or warmed up time.
Increased rate of reaction，in the presence of catalyzers， is called catalysis，or catalytic action.
四、转换
一、词义的转换
The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor components.
There is no physical contact between tool and workpiece.
• In rapid oxidation a flame is produced.
• Our normalization is such that the curves in Fig.3 can be regarded as probability distributions.
（2）对普通名词进行增补
This country is militarily politically and economically strong.
（3）重复增补
This magnetic field may be that of a bar magnet, a U-shaped magnet， or an electromagnet.
Since conduction is by both holes and electrons, the junction transistor is bipolar.
（四）对动词进行增补
We must make the phenomena clear.
A pulsed laser system has been tested on a satellite. Clearly， cool temperature slows down the action of bacteria.
Radar involves transmitting electromagnetic waves of very short wave length.
（2）删减冠词
The atom is the smallest particle of an element. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
科技英语翻译基本方法
Oct.11
一、照译
（一）词语的照译
armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 shed crocodile tears 流鳄鱼眼泪
Spring tides occur every two weeks, usually within a few days of the new and full moon.
（4）修辞增补
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.
Thereby the higher latitudes are prevented from becoming increasingly colder and the low latitudes from becoming increasingly hotter.
二、删减
（一）词语的删减 1. 删减动词（包括非谓语动词） When the pressure gets low， the boiling point becomes low.
Chemical cleaning has the distinct advantage of being equally applicable to straight or bowed tubes.
The arrows in the leads identify the materials.
Light waves weaken as they spread out from a source.
（3）对形容词以及名词定语进行增补
This new type of TV set is really fine and inexpensive.
(4) 删减介词
Smoking is prohibited in public places.
（5）删减连词（含各类关联词）
Weight is a down force， and therefore any object will move downward. The sun heats the earth， which makes it possible for plants to grow. They came to the school lab, where they made experiments for two hours.
（2）增补表示动词时态、语态、语气的词语
The electic motors convert electric energy into mechanical energy. The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird.
The first stage of a rocket is thrown away only minutes after the rocket takes off. Those semiconductor materials should have been kept in some dry place.
（3）删减代词
But it's the way I am， and try as I might， I haven't been able to change it.
One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.
三、增补
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge， and declared his own son guilty.
（一）
为补足原文词汇含义而增补
（1）对抽象名词进行增补 • degradation退化现象，降解作用 • distribution分布状况 • observation观察结果 • preparation准备工作/制备过程 • reduction还原反应/作用过程 • resonance共振现象
(pplicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
译文A：那些有过工作经验的报考大学的人要比不曾 有过工作经验的报考大学的人优先录取。 译文B：报考大学的人，有工作经验的要比没有工作 经验的优先录取。 译文C：报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。
• Cold fog dispersal has been an operational success in theU.S. since 1963.
• The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety.
（3）名词转换为副词
I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.
We find difficulty in solving this problem.
(9) 动词转换为名词
Most US spy satelites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.